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Dynamic Method

This document describes an experiment to determine the modulus of rigidity of a material using a dynamic method with a torsion pendulum. The experiment involves suspending a disc from a wire sample and measuring the time period of oscillation for different wire lengths. The modulus of rigidity is then calculated using the measured parameters and known formulas.

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38 views5 pages

Dynamic Method

This document describes an experiment to determine the modulus of rigidity of a material using a dynamic method with a torsion pendulum. The experiment involves suspending a disc from a wire sample and measuring the time period of oscillation for different wire lengths. The modulus of rigidity is then calculated using the measured parameters and known formulas.

Uploaded by

MASTER PIECE
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No.

: Name:

Date: Roll No.:

Section: Branch:

RIGIDITY MODULUS BY DYNAMIC METHOD

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT


MENT:

To determine the modulus of rigidity (η) of a given material in the form of a wire by dynamic
method.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Brass/ steel disc
2. Metallic wire (preferably carbon steel/cast iron/Bronze/copper) of thickness 1mm
3. Rigid support with Torsion head
4. Stop watch
5. Screw gauge
6. Meter scale / Measuring tape

DESCRIPTION:
A body suspended by an elastic string, which can oscillate in a horizontal plane (about an axis
coinciding the wire) is called as a torsional pendulum.

THEORY:
Time period of oscillation (T) of the torsional pendulum is given by

=2 ……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………(1)
…………………………………………………………………………………

Where, I = Moment of inertia of the suspended body


C = Torsional Couple per unit angular twist
The torsional couple per unit angular twist of the wire of radius ‘r’ is given by:

= ……………………………………………………………………………………(2)

Where, = length of suspended wire


η = Rigidity modulus of the material of suspended wire
Putting value of ‘C’ from equation (2) in equation (1), then simplifying

= ……………………………………………………………………………………(3)

The moment of inentia of the solid disc about the axis of oscillation (same as suspension wire)
is :

= ……………………………………………………………………………………(4)

Where, M = Mass of the disc


R = Radius of the disc

Putting expression of from equation (4) in equation (3)

= ×

i.e.

= ( )………………………………………………………………………………(5)

PROCEDURE
1. Measure diameter of the wire at 3 different places using a screw gauge & find mean ‘ r ’
(the radius).
2. Suspend the disc from a rigid support with the help of given string and measure free
length ‘ ’ of the wire from the point of suspension to the point at which the wire is
attached to the heavy body (solid disc)
3. Give a reference mark with pen/pencil/chalk on the surface of the body when it is in
equilibrium position
4. Now turn the disc a little in the horizontal plane without displacing its C.G. and release.
The body starts executing torsional oscillations with the wire as axis.
5. Start the stop-watch and count the time for 10 & 15 oscillations and calculate the
corresponding time period ‘T’, of oscillation for a particular length ‘ ’ and then find the
mean time period.
6. Repeat the Procedure for different lengths of the wire as above.

7. Plot a graph between ‘ ’ and ‘T2’, taking ‘ ’ along x-axis and T2 along y-axis which
comes out a straight line passing through the origin and find the inverse of the slope
which gives the value of /T2 .

8. Note down the value of mass ‘M’ and radius ‘R’ of the disc.

9. Putting the values of all parameters in the working formula, calculate .

TABULALTION : 1 (Radius (r) of the wire by Screw gauge)


Pitch (P) = 0.1 or 0.05 cm & LC = 0.001 or 0.0005cm respectively.
No. of I.C.S.R. N F.C.S.R I~F P.S.R. = C.S.R. = Diameter Mean
Obs. (I) (F) P×N (I~F) × = (X+Y) Diameter
in cm LC in cm in cm
(X) in cm
(Y)
1

Result : Radius of the wire = Mean Diameter = cm


2
TABULATION - 2 (for time period T)

No. of Obs Length No. of Time Time Period Mean T T2


in cm Oscillations in sec (T=b/a) in sec in sec
(a) (b) in sec
1. 10
1
2. 15

1. 10
2
2. 15
1. 10
3
2. 15

1. 10
4
2. 15

1. 10
5
2. 15

GRAPH:

T2
(sec2)

CALCULATION:
Slope of the graph = ___________ cm/sec2

Modulus of rigidity (η) = ( )

= = ____________dynes/cm2 (calculated value).

PERCENTAGE OF ERROR:
Standard value of rigidity modulus of the material of the wire = ____________dynes/cm 2

% = × 100 = ________________ %
CONCLUSION:
Modulus of rigidity of the wire is experimentally determined to be ___________dynes/cm 2 with
an error of ___________%

APPLICATIONS :

1. The working of “torsion pendulum clocks” is based on torsional oscillation.

2. The freely decaying oscillation of torsion pendulum in a medium (like polymers) help to
determine the characteristic properties of medium.

3. It can be used to determine the frictional force between solid surface and liquid environment.

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