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(MIP Lab) Noise Removal in Digital Image Processing

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42 views16 pages

(MIP Lab) Noise Removal in Digital Image Processing

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manashprotimdeori123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Noise Removal in Digital

Image Processing
Image Restoration and Reconstruction
What is Image Restoration?
It is the purpose of recovering an image that has been degraded by applying restoration techniques in modelling the
degradation and applying inverse process to recover the image.
What is the need for Image Restoration?

 Sometimes noises or artifacts can corrupt an image.


 Occurs during image acquisition.
 Noises could be due to notch frequency, vibrations from machines nearby or in case a person is moving during X-ray, CT,
MRI scans, etc.
 Restoration is required especially in the medical field where a patient cannot take more than one imaging scans, in order
to assess the pathological information.
Model of the Image Degradation/Restoration process

Whereby, f(x,y) is the image, H(x,y) is the degradation function, (x,y) is the noise added to the image, g(x,y) is the image
መ
that is added with noise and 𝑓(x,y) is the restored image.

In a spatial domain it is given by:

g(x, y) = h(x, y)*(x, y) + h(x, y)

In a frequency domain it is given by:

G(u,v) = H(u,v)F(u,v) + N(u,v)


Some Important Noise Probability Dense Functions

• Gaussian Noise

Where, where z represents intensity, z is the mean (average) value of 𝑧,ҧ and  is its standard deviation. Variance will be the
square of standard deviation, i.e., 2. When the values of z are in the range 𝑧ҧ ± , the probability is about 0.68 (almost 70%)
and when the values are in the range 𝑧ҧ ± 2, the probability is about 0.95 (95%).

• Rayleigh Noise

The mean and variance of z when this random variable is characterized by a Rayleigh PDF are:

Mean – and Variance –

This type of noise is useful for approximating skewed histograms.


• Erlang (Gamma) Noise

where the parameters are such that a > b, b is a positive integer, and “!” indicates factorial. The mean and variance of z are:

Mean – Variance –

• Exponential Noise

where a > 0. The mean and variance of z are:

Mean – Variance –

Exponential noise is a special case of Erlang noise where b = 1


• Uniform Noise

The mean and variance of z are:

Mean – Variance –

• Salt and Pepper Noise

k represents the number of bits used to represent the intensity values in a digital image, with the range being [0,2k - 1] or
[0-255] in the case of an 8-bit image.

V is any integer value in the range 0 < V < 2k -1.


Original Image
Gaussian Noise Rayleigh Noise Erlanga Noise
Types of Filters:

• Order Statistics
 Median filter
 Max-Min filter
 Midpoint filter
 Alpha-trimmed filter
• Adaptive filters
• Inverse Filter
• Minimum Mean Square Error (Wiener filter)
• Median Filter

The best-known order-statistic filter in image processing is the median filter, which, as its name implies, replaces the value
of a pixel by the median of the intensity levels in a predefined neighborhood of that pixel:

Sxy is a subimage (neighborhood) centered on point (x, y). It is best used for filtering speckle and salt & pepper noises.
• Wiener Filter

Where E{} is the expected value of the argument and e2 is the error measurement.

The minimum mean square error in the frequency domain is given by:
Code:

I = imread('coins.png');
figure; imshow(I); title ('Original Image');

figure; subplot(3,2,1);
gauss_noise = imnoise(I,'gaussian',0);
imshow(gauss_noise); title('Gaussian Noise');

subplot(3,2,2)
wien = wiener2(gauss_noise,[5 5]);
imshow(wien); title('Wiener filtering of Gaussian noise');

subplot(3,2,3);
saltpep = imnoise(I,'salt & pepper',0.05);
imshow(saltpep); title('Salt & Pepper Noise');

subplot(3,2,4);
saltpep_filt = medfilt2(saltpep);
imshow(saltpep_filt); title('Median Filtering of salt & pepper noise');

subplot(3,2,5);
speckle = imnoise(I,'speckle',0.05);
imshow(speckle); title('Speckle Noise');

subplot(3,2,6);
speckle_filt = medfilt2(speckle);
imshow(speckle_filt); title('Median Filtering of speckle noise');
RESULTS

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