Financial Market Types
Financial Market Types
Financial Market Types
issued and traded. These markets are generally characterized by high liquidity. Securities in these
markets can be easily sold or traded with little loss of value. These short-lived securities generally
have low returns and low risk. The securities traded in these markets include; Treasury Bills,
Certificates of Deposit, Commercial Paper, etc. Capital markets: Capital markets are where debt
instruments or securities with maturities longer than one year and corporate stocks or equity
securities are issued and traded. Capital market securities are generally issued to finance the
purchase of homes by individuals, buildings and equipment by businesses, and for provision of
infrastructure (roads, bridges, buildings, etc.) by governments. Business firms and governments issue
long-term debt securities, called bonds, to finance their assets and operations. Mortgages are issued
to finance homes and buildings. Corporations also issue stocks to meet their financing needs.
Financial Markets: Types and Features Primary Market: primary market is the market where the
Initial Public Offering (IPO) or origination of debt and equity securities takes place. The primary
market is the only market where the security issuer directly benefits (receives funds) from the sale of
its securities. Secondary Market: Secondary are markets where the transfer of existing debt (bonds
and mortgages) and equity securities between investors occurs. This is a physical located or
electronic forums where debt (bonds and mortgages) and equity securities are traded. Over-the-
counter Markets: An over-the-counter (OTC) market is a decentralized market in which market
participants trade stocks, commodities, or other securities directly between two parties and without
a central exchange or broker. Commodity Markets: A commodity market is a market that trades in
the primary economic commodities rather than manufactured products. This commodities include
gold, silver, cocoa, cotton, petrol, gas, dollar, euro, etc. Commodity markets can include physical
trading and derivatives trading using spot prices, forwards, futures, and options prices. Financial
Markets: Types and Features There are four main types of financial markets, namely; debt securities
markets, equity securities markets, derivative securities markets, and foreign exchange markets. Debt
Securities Markets: Debt securities are obligations to repay borrowed funds. Debt securities markets
are markets where money market securities, bonds (corporate, financial institution, and
government), and mortgages are originated and traded. Bond Markets: Bond markets are form of
debt securities market, they are where debt securities with longer-term maturities are originated and
traded. Government entities (federal, state, and local), financial institutions, and business firms can
issue bonds. Mortgage Markets: Mortgage markets are where loans to purchase real estate
(buildings and houses) are origina