Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

SCIENCE 9
LESSON TITLE:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
BASIC FEATURES AND
IMPORTANCE

Name of Teacher –Writers: Marcel R. Laranang

Asela L. Sawali

School: Tagudin National High School

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This self-learning kit aims to guide and help you understand the process of
photosynthesis. The processes involved in photosynthesis are presented for you to
differentiate its basic features and importance.
You are tasked to identify the internal structures of the leaves that enable
plants to make their own food. The process of photosynthesis is presented through
illustrations for you to identify the raw materials and products.
You are given 5 days to work on this self-learning kit. Activities and
evaluations are given for you to accomplish with the allotted time.

Main Objective:
Differentiate basic features and importance of
photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (S9LT-Ig-j-31)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify the internal parts of a leaf; and
2. describe photosynthesis based on:
a. cell part/s where the process occurs
b. raw materials
c. products
3. recognize the importance of plants at home;
4. plant vegetables

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 Look around you, can you see towering trees, multicolored
flowering plants? Can you name them? Can you identify their parts?
You have learned in your previous grade that plants are made
up of different parts which perform essential functions.

DIRECTIONS:
A. Study the picture and identify the different plant organs/parts.

1. 2.

4.

3.

5.

B. Identify the main parts of the plants that perform the given functions. Write the letter of
your answer in your science notebook.
A. flowers B. fruits C. leaves D. roots E. stem
___1. Absorption of water and nutrients from the soil
___2. These are brightly colored parts, mainly for reproduction.
___3. These are green colored parts of the plant that provide shades.
___4. These developed from mature ovaries, usually enclosing seeds.
___5. Transport water and nutrients from the roots to the other parts of the plant

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 You have learned from the previous activity the different plant organs and
their respective functions. The roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil,
providing one of the raw materials in photosynthesis or the food making process
in plants. The stem connects the roots to the other parts of the plants. It also
transports nutrients from the roots to the leaves.

The flowers are brightly colored parts of the plant that attract insects.
Since the flower contains the reproductive structures (pistil and stamen), insects
aid in pollination. The fertilized ovary in the pistil of a flower will develop into a
fruit, which usually encloses seeds. The leaves are usually green colored part of
the plant where gas exchange and food making process take place. The
leaves are of varied colors and forms and shapes.

Energy is important in sustaining life. But how is energy available to all living
organisms? Look at the picture below, observe how the leaves spread to absorb light energy
from the sun and transform it into chemical energy to support all living organisms.

This time, let us learn about the internal structure of leaves and understand how plants are
able to gather light energy and perform photosynthesis.

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A. Internal Structure of a Leaf and the Chloroplast.
I. Internal Structure of a Leaf

The leaf is made up of several distinct layers. The upper cell layer is
called the epidermis which serves as a protective tissue in plants. Beneath the
epidermis is a layer of long cells that are arranged vertically called the palisade
layer. These cells, along with spongy layer beneath them are chlorophyll
containing chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place.
Located throughout the leaf are veins with two types of vascular
(conductive) tissues called xylem and phloem. Through the veins, water and
minerals move from the roots to leaves, and food is carried from leaves to the
other parts of the plant.
The lower layer of the leaf is the lower epidermis which contains the
guard cells. The guard cells surround and regulate the opening and closing of
the stomata during gas exchange. Stomata (stoma; singular) are tiny openings
that allow the entrance of carbon dioxide needed and as exit points for oxygen
produced during photosynthesis.

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II. Structure of the Chloroplast
Take a look at the structure of the chloroplast.

The chloroplast is made up of outer and inner membranes, stroma

and thylakoids stacked in grana (granum; singular). The space between the
thylakoids is called lumen. Dispersed granules of green pigments called
chlorophyll are contained in the stroma. Chlorophyll in the chloroplast traps
light during photosynthesis and absorbs energy from the colors of the
spectrum. The outer and inner membrane protect the chloroplast.
Thylakoids are the site of the light dependent reactions of
photosynthesis while the stroma serves as the site of light-independent
reaction.

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 After learning the internal parts of a leaf and the chloroplast, answer the
matching type below by pairing the parts in column A to their respective
functions in column B. Write the letter on the space provided before the
number.

Matching Type:
COLUMN A COLUMN B
A. Internal parts of a Leaf
____1. cuticle A. green pigment in plants
____2. epidermis B. protective tissue in plants
____3. Stomata C. tiny opening for gas exchange
____4. Spongy layer D. conduct water, minerals and food
____5. Palisade layer E. made up of loosely arranged chloroplast
____6. Vascular tissue (veins) F. made up of long and compact chloroplast
G. protects the leaf from excessive evaporation of
water.

B. Structure of the Chloroplast

____7. Granum H. space between the thylakoids
____8. Lumen I. site of light-dependent reaction
____9. Stroma J. where the thylakoids are located
____10. Thylakoids K. sight of light-independent reaction
____11. Inner membrane L. outermost covering of the chloroplast
____12. Outer membrane M. gelatinous matrix containing the grana
N. membrane found inside the chloroplast

III. Process of Photosynthesis

Taking a look at the internal structure of a leaf and the chloroplast, you are able to
identify the importance of thylakoids as the venue for light-dependent reaction and stroma
for the light-independent reaction.
What happened during the phases of photosynthesis? Study the given diagram,
observe the different reactions and answer the activity that follows.

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The Two Phases of Photosynthesis
 Study the above illustration on the two phases of photosynthesis then
answer the given question and complete the table below.

A. Identify the two phases of Photosynthesis.

B. Complete the table below.

Raw Materials of Photosynthesis Products of Photosynthesis

Plants and chlorophyll-bearing organisms are the producers in the

biosphere. They are able to perform photosynthesis because they have
chlorophyll containing chloroplast
8 that serves as the site of the said process.
There are two phases of photosynthesis; the light-reaction or light-
dependent reaction which takes place in the thylakoids of the chloroplast and
 Let us try your understanding of the process of photosynthesis
by answering the questions below. Identify what is being asked or
described and write your answer in your science notebook.

__________1. It is the final product of photosynthesis.

__________2. It is a part of a leaf that traps light energy from the sun.
__________3. It serves as the site of dark reaction phase of photosynthesis.
__________4. It refers to the breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
__________5. It is an inorganic substance that serves as raw material in dark reaction.

The chlorophyll in plants and other photosynthetic organisms trapped

light energy to perform photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the food-making process in plants wherein light
energy is absorbed by leaves to break down water and utilizes carbon dioxide
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to produce oxygen and glucose. This process takes place in the chloroplast.
Light- reaction (light-dependent) and dark-reaction (light-independent)
 In this time of pandemic, most of us stay at home. We have to
innovate and develop hobbies to make ourselves productive.
After knowing the importance of photosynthesis, cite practical
ways on how you can help create a more productive, safer and cleaner
environment at home.

Select also an area in your backyard or recyclable containers

where you can plant and grow vegetables. Your output will be check
after 30 days.

A. Arrange the jumbled letters below.

1. S T E H O P S I Y H O N T S ----- food making process in plants
2. G X O Y N E ----- by-product of photosynthesis
3. M A T O S T A ----- a tiny opening in leaves that allows gas exchange
4. T I G L H N O T I A C R E ----- takes place in the presence of light
5. K A R D T I R E A C O N ----- takes place in the absence of light

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each statement carefully. Choose the best answer and
write the letter of your answer in your science notebook.
____1. Which plant cell structure contains the chlorophyll?
A. chloroplast
B. mitochondria

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 C. nucleus
D. ribosome
____2. The breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen happens during ______.
A. glycolysis
B. dark reaction
C. light reaction
D. electron transport chain
____3. Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and
oxygen. Which of the following is the correct equation for the process?
A. CO2 + O2 O2 + H2O
B. C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
C. CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
D. Chlorophyll + H2O CO 2 + O2 + C6H12O6
____4. How many phosphoglyceraldehyde molecules are needed to form one glucose
molecule?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
____5. As a student who understands the importance of photosynthesis, which is NOT
included in taking care of plants?
A. Applying fertilizers
B. Watering of plants regularly
C. Transplanting crowded plants
D. Irresponsible picking of plant parts

RREFERENC
Alvarez, Liza A., et.al. ”Science 9 Learner’s Module.” Department of Education
Revised Edition.2014:72-95, Pasig City, Philippines

Bermio, Ma. Eloisa, et.al. “Science and Technology for the Modern World II”. DIWA

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 Scholastic Press Inc..2003:83-96, Makati City, Philippines

Carale, Elvira, et.al. “Biology Textbook Science and Technology II”. Reprint
Edition.2006,2009:39-54, Mandaluyong City, Philippines

De la Cruz, ReynaldoB. “The Dynamics of Science and Technology. Biology”. FNB

Educational Inc..2005:154-177, Quezon City, Philippines

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/honorsrespiration-120330133857-phpapp02/95/honors-biology-
cellular-respiration-8-728.jpg?cb=1333114812

https://images.slideplayer.com/23/6882031/slides/slide_4.jpg

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/l2vezjyJorM/maxresdefault.jpg

https://www.google.com/search?
q=internal+structure+of+a+leaf+parts+and+their+functions&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2a
hUKEwiP8oWK84rqAhWKBKYKHTsyDlIQ_AUoAnoECA8QBA&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=EYEbT3Rnm
c7mZM

Page 7
Page 3 Matching Type

A 1. leaf B. 1. D 1. G 7. J
2. fruit 2. A 2. B 8. H
3. flower 3. C 3. C 9. K
4. stem 4. B 4. E 10. I
5. root 5. E 5. F 11. M
12 6. D
E 12. L
 Page 8 A. B. Complete the table below

Raw materials of Products of

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide and water Glucose and Oxygen

Page 9

1. Glucose
Light Reaction and Dark Reaction
2. Chlorophyll
3. Stroma
4. Photolysis
5. Carbon dioxde

ASSESSMENT

A. 1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS B. 1. A
2. OXYGEN
2. A
3. STOMATA
4. LIGHT REACTION
3. C
5. DARK REACTION 4. A
5. D

C. Answers may vary

APPENDIX A

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RUBRICS FOR OUTPUT (Vegetable) EVALUATION

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 SCORE

Growth Very robust robust stunted struggling

Number of Planted 4 Planted 3 Planted 2 Planted 1
planted vegetables vegetables vegetables vegetable
vegetables
Timeliness Submitted Submitted Submitted Submitted
output on the output 1 day output 2 days output on the
30th day after the after the 3rd day of the
deadline deadline set deadline
and beyond

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