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Lecture 5 Frequency Distribution

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Lecture 5 Frequency Distribution

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maglangitmarvinc
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STATISTICS for

Computer FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION


Science

A frequency distribution is a tabulation or grouping of data into appropriate categories showing the number
of observations in each group or category through a tabular form.

Frequency Distribution for Interval/Ratio Data

Frequency Distribution Table


Class
Class Intervals Midpoint Tally Frequency
Boundaries

Total

▪ Class interval – is a grouping or category defined by a lower limit and an upper limit.
▪ Class limits – the smallest and the largest values that can fall in a given class interval. The smaller number is
the lower class limit and the larger number is the upper class limit.
▪ Class boundaries – are the precise expressions of class limits. They are always carried out to one more
decimal place than the recorded observations. This ensures that no observations can fall precisely on a class
boundary and thereby avoids any confusion as to which class interval the observation belongs.
▪ Class midpoint – is the middlemost point between the lower and upper limit of a given class interval. It is
also the mean of the limits or boundaries.
▪ Class width – the numerical difference between the upper and the lower class boundaries. It is also the size
of the class interval.
▪ Class frequency – refers to the number of observations belonging to a class interval for the number of items
within a category.

Other terms:

• Relative frequency – The relative frequency of each class can be obtained by dividing the class
frequency by the total frequency.
• Relative frequency percentage – Each relative frequency is multiplied by 100%.
• Cumulative frequency – The total frequency of all values less than/greater than the upper class/lower
class boundary of a given class interval.
• Percentage cumulative (PC)
𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑃𝐶 = × 100%
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

Steps in constructing a FD table:

1. Decide on the number of class intervals, k. [k=1+3.322 log N]; N is the number of cases.
2. Determine the range (R). [R = Largest datum – Smallest datum]

Lecture 3
STATISTICS for
Computer FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Science

3. Divide the range by the number of intervals to estimate the approximate class width of the intervals. [round
upward]
4. List the lower class limit of the bottom interval (smallest datum) and then the lower class boundary. Add the
class width to the lower class boundary. Write down the upper class limit.
5. List all the class limits and class boundaries by adding the value of the class width.
6. Determine the class midpoint.
7. Tally.
8. Sum the frequency column to check the number of data.

Example:
The following are observations (ages) gathered from a sample of 100 software developers in Mindanao.

24 27 27 23 29 21 20 42 22 37
23 24 48 20 27 26 42 22 59 29
25 20 65 25 24 20 20 47 38 38
20 22 23 37 23 26 46 21 21 20
27 38 26 28 28 27 48 22 29 36
24 36 49 20 20 38 25 39 26 45
28 33 48 37 34 27 24 20 38 55
27 20 23 58 28 24 59 29 44 38
21 21 25 24 34 25 20 57 37 27
25 32 26 23 27 20 24 25 28 35

Frequency Distribution Table


Class
Class Intervals Midpoint Tally Frequency
Boundaries

Total

C.I CB x f RF RFP cf< PC cf> PC

Total

Lecture 3

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