Senior High School

General Biology 1
Module 12
Transport Mechanisms in Cell
General Biology 1
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Module 12: Transport Mechanisms in Cell
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writer : June D. Do-oma

Editors: Rowena P. Matavia, Lenie G. Forro
Reviewers: Yusof A. Aliudin, Agabai S. Kandalayang, Sheryl B. Bautista, Aida S. Delon,
Rowena P. Alterado, Ma.Kristine B. Latris, and Eloisa R. Agni
Illustrator: June D. Do-oma
Layout Artist: Glen D. Napoles, Jay Ar O. Espartero, Alex C. Macale, and
Mark Daryl T. Lazaro
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
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 SHS
General Biology 1
Module 12
Transport Mechanisms in Cell
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Transport

Mechanisms in Cell.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Note to the Teacher

Hello, my dear facilitator! This module is packed with series of activities

related to cell discovery, theory, types, structures and functions that will enable
your learners to enhance their skills on this specific competency. As a facilitator
of learning, you are hereby authorized to instruct your learners to carefully read
and understand this module because it contains necessary information about

the lesson that they need to answer the given tasks to develop critical thinking
leading them to fulfill the activities as they learn. Please tell your learners to
complete and perform the activities included in this module. Just enjoy your
journey with the cells.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Transport

Mechanisms in Cell.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you
in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and
skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or

blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.
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 Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Hello my dear learner! How are you? Look around you. Is it wonderful to see
plants, animals and other living organisms? Have you ever questioned how these
living organisms grow? How water from soil enter the roots? How oxygen and
carbon dioxide enter and leave the lungs? Also how glucose from the small
intestine enter the blood?

In this module you will find out that there are simple and complex activities
that are happening in the cell. The cell has transport mechanisms namely the
Passive and active transport that allow selective materials to come in and come out
of the cell. You will be able to understand how passive transport and active
transport works.

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

Explain transport mechanisms in cell (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport,

active transport) (STEM_BIO11/12-Ig-H-14)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify passive and active transport;

2. illustrate the movement of particles in passive and active transport;
3. relate transport mechanisms in daily life.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its
environment?
A. Cell membrane
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosomes

2. Which of the following is the function of cell membrane? A. Keeps the cell
wall in place.
B. Stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates.
C. Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods.
D. Regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

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3. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials
from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
A. Bilipids
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Proteins

4. What causes diffusion?

A. Molecules are attracted to one another.
B. Molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
C. Cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other.
D. Cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane.

5. During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a

membrane is equal, which of the following will likely happen to the
molecules? A. Stop moving across the membrane.
B. Move across the membrane going inside of the cell
C. Move across the membrane and goes out of the cell.
D. Continue to move across the membrane in both directions.

6. How do you call the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable

membrane is called?
A. Active transport
B. Endocytosis
C. Osmosis
D. Osmotic pressure

7. Which of the following is an example of active transport where liquid

materials are engulf inside the cell.
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis

8. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion

9. What type of transport is endocytosis?

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 A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Passive transport

10. All of the following are types of passive transport EXCEPT

A. Diffusion
B. Endocytosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Osmosis

12. The following are ways on how unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis
EXCEPT
A. Growth
B. Reproduction
C. Cell specialization
D. Response to the environment

12. How will you describe homeostasis ?

A. Organisms are unicellular
B. Organisms are composed of organ system
C. Organisms are composed of specialized cell
D. Organisms have constant internal physical conditions

13. What is the role of ATP in active transport?

A. It strengthens the fatty acid chains in the membrane .
B. It provides the energy to transport cell towards its environment.
C. It weakens the membrane, allowing molecules to pass through.
D. It provides energy to support cells that need to move molecules
against concentration gradients.

14. All of the following are examples of compounds that are moved by facilitated
diffusion EXCEPT
A. Glucose
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Water

15. What kind of material is transported through osmosis?

A. Blood
B. Water
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen fixing bacteria

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 What’s In
Hello my dear learner! In your previous activity you learned that
plasma membrane provides structure for the cell. It is
semipermeable thus protecting the cell by controlling what enters
and comes out of it. It is composed of phospholipids bilayer, a head that is polar
and a tail that is nonpolar. This phospholipid bilayer determines what molecules
can move into or out and largely responsible for maintaining balance in the cell.

Below are questions to help you check what you have learned. Write your
answer on your activity notebook.

A. What are the compositions of Cell/plasma membrane?

B. What are the functions of cell/plasma membrane?

What’s New
Hello there! I need your help. I want to find out how water and other
particles are transported to and from the cell. Can you help me? All we have to do
is read and understand the context below to find out. Are you ready? Let’s start!

Directions: Read the paragraphs below and answer the questions that follow in a
separate sheet .

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 Membrane transport refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate
the passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through cell/plasma
membranes, which are lipid bilayers that contain proteins embedded in them. The
regulation of passage through the membrane is due to selective membrane
permeability - a characteristic of biological membranes which allows them to
separate substances of distinct chemical nature. In other words, they can be
permeable to certain substances but not to others.

Figure 1.Passive transport Figure 2. Active transport

The movements of most solutes through the membrane are mediated by

membrane transport proteins which are specialized to varying degrees in the
transport of specific molecules. As the diversity and physiology of the distinct cells
is highly related to their capacities to attract different external elements, it is
postulated that there is a group of specific transport proteins for each cell type and
for every specific physiological stage. This differential expression is regulated
through the differential transcription of the genes coding for these proteins and its
translation, for instance, through genetic-molecular mechanisms, but also at the
cell biology level: the production of these proteins can be activated by cellular
signaling pathways, at the biochemical level, or even by being situated in
cytoplasmic vesicles.

1. What types of material are transported inside or outside of the cell?

2. What are the roles of cell/plasma membrane in transporting materials inside

and outside of the cell?

What is It

There are two major ways in which molecule or particles can move across a
membrane. It is either by passive or active transport.

Passive Transport This process does not require energy for molecules to
pass through the plasma membrane. Molecules move down their concentration

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gradient. A gradient is any imbalance in the concentration. Passive transport moves
molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration. This process is carried
out to maintain an equilibrium level in a cell. Passive transport moves molecules by
Simple Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion or Osmosis.

Figure 4 Facilitated diffusion Figure 5 Simple diffusion

Simple Diffusion allows non polar molecules such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
dioxide (CO2) to pass directly on the membrane. Facilitated Diffusion does not
require energy but needs a membrane transport channel or carrier protein to
transport ions such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+).

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion specifically associated with the movement of

water molecules. A solution with higher concentration of solutes is said to be
hypertonic while a solution with a lower concentration of solutes is hypotonic.
Water crosses the membrane until the solute concentrations are equal on both
sides. Solutions of equal solution concentration are said to be isotonic.

Active Transport is the movement of molecules from region of low

concentration to high concentration. It occurs against a concentration gradient that
is why it requires energy released from ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) for molecules
to pass through the cell membrane. Complex sugar, ions, large cells, proteins, and
other particles are transported in this process. There are two categories: primary
active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport uses
energy usually through ATP hydrolysis. Secondary active transport relies on
primary active transport, it requires energy and moves against a concentration
gradients.

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 Figure 5. Active transport (Sodium-Potassium Pump)

Exocytosis, endocytosis and sodium-potassium pump are a few examples of

active transport. Large molecules enter the cell by generalized non-selective process
known as endocytosis. Phagocytosis is endocytosis of a particulate material while
pinocytosis is endocytosis of liquid material. In this process, the plasma membrane
engulfs the particle or fluid droplet and pinches off a membranous sac or vesicles
with a particular fluid inside into the cytoplasm. Exocytosis is the reverse process
where a membrane- bound vesicle filled with bulky materials moves to the plasma
membrane and fuses with it. In this process, the vesicles contents are released out
of the cell.

What’s More

Directions: Using the Venn diagram lists down the differences of passive transport
and active transport. Place similarities between the two at the center.
Write your answer on a separate sheet.

Passive Active
Transport Similarities Transport

Rubric for rating your answer

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Criteria 5 Points 8 Points ( Very 10 Points
SATISFACTORY)
( Satisfactory) (Excellent)

Passive 1 correct statement 2 correct statements Has 3 or more correct

transport listed in this heading listed under this statements listed under
heading this heading

Active 1 correct statement 2 correct statements Has 3 or more correct

transport listed in this heading listed under this statements listed under
heading this heading

Applies Has no correct Has 1 incomplete Has 1 or more correct

Both statement that applies statements that apply statements that apply both
both both

What I Have Learned

Directions: Using the graphic organizer, write the necessary information to
complete the concept about transport mechanisms.

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 MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

Definition (1)

Categories

Passive
transport (2)

Types Types

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Characteristics Characteristics
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
(8) (9)
(10) (11) (12)

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Perform the following activities and answer the questions that follow on
a separate sheet of paper.

Rubrics for rating your answer

Criterion 0 Point 4Points 6 Points 8 Points 10 Points
(Needs (Poor) (Satisfactory) (Very (Excellent)
Improvement)
Satisfactory)

Content Did not Answers are Answers are Answers are Answers are
answer partial or not accurate comprehensive
question. incomplete. comprehensiv and , accurate and
Key points e or complete. complete. Key
are not clear. completely Key points ideas are
Question not stated. Key are stated clearly stated,
adequately points are and explained, and
answered. addressed, but supported. well supported.
not well
supported.

Organizati Did not Organizatio Inadequate Organizatio Well organized,

on answer n and organization or n is mostly coherently
question. structure development. clear and developed, and
detract from Structure of easy to easy to follow.
the answer. the answer is follow.
not easy to
follow.

Writing Did not Displays Displays three Displays Displays no

conventio answer over five to five errors one to three errors in
ns question. errors in in spelling, errors in spelling,
spelling, punctuation, spelling, punctuation,
punctuation grammar, and punctuation grammar, and
, grammar, sentence , grammar, sentence
and structure. and structure
sentence sentence
structure. structure.

Activity 1. Observe Me

Materials: one (1) sliced tomato or cucumber/pipino

2-3 tablespoon Salt, 1 flat dish.

Procedures:

1. Put the slice tomato or cucumber on a flat dish.

2. Sprinkle salt around the slice tomato or cucumber.
3. Observe what will happen for 30minutes to one hour.
Answer the following questions.

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 1. Do you see water around /side of the tomato or cucumber?

2. How will you relate it on your learning’s about transport

mechanism?

Activity 2. What happens to Me Material:

wilted (dried) potted plant
Procedure:

1. Look for a wilted Dried) potted plant around you.

2. Put enough water to the wilted (dried) potted plant.
3. Observe what happen to the plant the following day.

Answer the question.

1. Is the plant still wilted or dried? Why?

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. The use of energy to force molecules to move out of the cell is an example of
what type of transport?
A. Osmosis
B. Active transport
C. Passive transport
D. Facilitated diffusion

2. In what direction does a diffusing substance move? A. It depends on the

substance.
B. Up its concentration gradient.
C. Down its concentration gradient.
D. In the opposite direction of its normal movement.

3. Which of the following factors contribute to the occurrence of diffusion? A.

Molecules are attracted to one another.
B. Molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
C. Cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other.
D. Cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane.

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4. In facilitated diffusion, molecules cross the cell membrane with the help of
special channels. What are the special channels made of?
A. Proteins
B. Nucleic acid
C. Carbon bonds
D. Water molecules

5. Endocytosis is what type of transport?

A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Passive transport

6. Which of the following is not a type of passive transport?

A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

7. What is the role of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) in the process of active

transport?
A. It strengthens the fatty acid chains in the membrane.
B. It provides the energy to transport the cell in its environment.
C. It weakens the membrane, allowing molecules to pass through.
D. It provides energy that cells need to move molecules against a
concentration gradient.

8. In which particular process will water be transported in or out of the cell?

A. Osmosis
B. Active transport
C. Simple diffusion
D. Facilitated diffusion

9. What type of transport does this image represent?

A. Osmosis
B. Simple diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated transport

10. Which statement regarding active transport is TRUE?

A. Substances can only move into the cell, not out of the cell.
B. Substances do not require energy to move in and out of the cell.
C. Substances can only cross the cell membrane if they are water
soluble.

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 D. Substances move from areas of low concentration to areas of high
concentration.

11. Suppose you stayed in a bathtub too long causing your hands and feet to look
wrinkled. What kind of passive transport caused this effect?
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Exocytosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

12. Which best describes the role of endocytosis in cell transport? A. Endocytosis
moves substance into the cell.
B. Endocytosis moves substance out of the cell.
C. Endocytosis moves substance in and out of the cell against
concentration gradient.
D. Endocytosis moves substance in and out of the cell down the
concentration gradient.

13. Which of the following compounds move through facilitated diffusion?

I. Glucose III. Sodium

II. Potassium IV. Water

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II, III and IV only
D. II and III only

14. Does passive transport requires energy to transport molecules in and out of the
cell?
A. Yes, it needs energy to transport molecules.
B. No, it does not need energy to transport molecules.
C. Yes, energy from ATP is required to transport molecules.
D. Yes, ATP hydrolysis is necessary to transport molecules in and out
of the cell.

15. Which of the following best describe the difference between passive transport
and active transport?

I. Active transport requires cellular proteins; passive transport does not.

II. Active transport works against gravity; passive transport works with
gravity.
III. Active transport occurs in multicellular organisms; passive transport
occurs in single-cell organisms.
IV. Active transports require cellular energy for substance to cross the
cell membrane; passive transport does not.

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 A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II and III only
D. IV only

Additional Activities

Directions: Below are activities that take place in living organisms. Identify the
type of transport mechanisms (Diffusion, Osmosis, Active transport) that
these activities undergo and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Oxygen and carbon dioxide entering and leaving the lungs.

2. Glucose from small intestines entering the blood.
3. Water moving across the walls of nephrons into the kidneys.
4. Minerals from the soil entering plants roots.

5. Nutrients moving across small intestines into the blood.

6. Water from the soil entering plants roots.

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References

https://teachers.stjohns.K12.fl.us/lyons-s/files/2014/11/Cell-Trasport-
PracticeTest.pdf. n.d.
https://teachers.stjohns.K12.fl.us/lyonss/files/2014/11/Cell-Trasport-Practice-
Test.pdf (accessed may 20, 2020).
https://www.ck12.org/biology/cell-transport/lesson/Cell-Transport-Advance-
BioADV/. n.d. https://www.ck12.org/biology/cell-transport/lesson/CellTransport-
Advance-Bio-ADV/ (accessed may 18, 2020).
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/transport-across-a-
cellmembrane/a/passive-transport-and-active-transport-across-a-cell-
membranearticle. n.d.

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 Disclaimer
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with
the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of
this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential learning Competencies (MELC).
This is a supplementary material used by all learners of region XII in all public
schools beginning 2020-2021. This process of LR development was observed in the
production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedbacks,
comments, and recommendations.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]