Learn more about the product

development life cycle

Every new product, whether it’s an app or a physical object, follows a specific set of steps that
take it from the first spark of an idea to the release of the final product. This is called the product
development life cycle, and it has five stages: brainstorm, define, design, test, and launch.
Depending on where you work, the exact names of each stage might be a little different, but the
overall process is generally the same.

Around the circle there are icons for each phase of the lifecycle - brainstorm, define, design, test,
launch
In this reading, you’ll explore the product development life cycle and how UX design fits into each
stage. As you might have guessed, UX designers are most engaged during the design stage of
the product development life cycle, but they work closely with team members — like researchers,
product managers, and engineers — throughout the entire life cycle.

As a product moves through the development life cycle, the team might need to spend longer
working in one stage than in others, or repeat certain stages based on feedback. The success of
each stage depends on the previous stage’s completion, so it’s important to do them in order.

Check out each of the five stages of the product development life cycle!
The first stage of the product development life cycle is the brainstorm stage, when the team
starts thinking of an idea for a product. Your team might already know the user problem that you
want to solve when you begin the product development life cycle. If not, coming up with a list of
user problems is a great place to start.

It’s important to pay attention to the diversity of your team at this stage. Teams that have
meaningful diversity across identifiers like race, gender, abilities, family structure, age, and
ethnicity are generally more effective at brainstorming because they bring together a lot of
different lived experiences.

Consider this example: If you’re designing a new app to help working parents and guardians,
your team might start the brainstorming stage by listing common problems that working parents
and guardians face, like a lack of reliable childcare, transportation concerns, or trouble managing
schedules. Your team might review user feedback about other similar products or the results of
user surveys to help guide your ideas. After you’ve brainstormed lots of user problems, your
team chooses one and starts coming up with ideas for solutions to that problem.

The brainstorm stage is also an ideal time to check out your product's competitors and identify if
there are already similar products available in the market. You want your product to fill a gap in
the market or solve a problem better than existing products. Completing research into both your
competitors and your users helps determine what problems need to be addressed by the
product’s design.

One more thing to keep in mind: A UX designer at a large company might not be very involved in
the brainstorm stage. But a UX designer at a startup or small business could have a big role to
play!

The second stage of the product development life cycle brings together UX designers, UX
researchers, program managers, and product leads to define the product. The goal is to figure
out the specifications for the product by answering questions like: Who is the product for? What
will the product do? And, what features need to be included for the product to be successful?

During the define stage, your team narrows the focus of your idea. One product can’t solve every
user problem. Continuing with the example for an app to help working parents and guardians,
your idea should focus on helping parents and guardians find reliable childcare or manage their
schedules, not both. In this stage, a UX designer might help the team pin down the focus of the
idea, but a product lead will probably be the one to define the scope of the project.

The research you completed in the brainstorm stage comes in handy now. Using what you've
learned, you will pinpoint your potential users’ problems. Your team can’t assume they know
what problems users are experiencing without asking the users directly.
The third stage of the product development life cycle is design. At this stage, UX designers
develop the ideas for the product. Generally, UX designers start by drawing wireframes, which
are outlines or sketches of the product, then move on to creating prototypes, which are early
models of a product that convey its functionality.

UX writers are also involved in the design stage and might do things like write button labels or
other copy within the product's wireframes and prototypes.

At this point in the life cycle, UX designers make sure to include all of the product specifications
that were outlined in the define stage. You might also check to ensure that each part of the
design fits together in an intuitive way. For example, UX designers might check that the screens
of an app flow in a way that makes sense to the user. Or that each interaction, like tapping a
button, has a correlating action, like an item getting added to a cart. On the other hand, with a
physical product, UX designers might check that one piece of a physical object matches up to the
connecting piece. Finally, UX designers also make sure that each task a user needs to complete
is clear and easy to understand, like navigating from the homepage to the checkout confirmation
page in an app.

Next, your designs move into the test stage. UX designers work with engineers to develop
functional prototypes that match the original designs, including details and features that fit the
company’s brand, like font and color choices. This also means writing the code and finalizing the
overall structure of the product.

Or, if you want to test your designs earlier, another option is to test a functioning prototype of the
product, using a design tool like Figma or Adobe XD. You'll learn how to create prototypes of
your designs later in the certificate program.

At this stage, the designs go through at least three phases of testing: internal tests within your
company, reviews with stakeholders, and external tests with potential users. A stakeholder is a
person you need to work with to complete the project or anyone who has some interest in the
project, either within or outside of the company.

Running these tests is typically the responsibility of the UX researcher on your team, if you have
one.

 First, the team tests the product internally to look for technical glitches and usability
problems. This is often referred to as alpha testing.
  Then, the product undergoes a test with stakeholders to make sure the product is aligned
with the company’s vision, meets legal guidelines for accessibility, and follows
government regulations for privacy, for example.
 Finally, there’s an external test with potential users. This is the time to figure out whether
the product provides a good user experience, meaning it’s usable, equitable, enjoyable,
and useful. This is often referred to as beta testing.
Gathering and implementing feedback at this stage is absolutely critical. If users are frustrated or
confused by your product, UX designers make adjustments or even create new versions of the
design. Then, the designs are tested again, until there’s little or no friction between the product
and the user.

It’s important to call out that the product development life cycle isn’t a completely linear process.
Your team might cycle between designing and testing a few times before you're ready to launch
the product!

Finally, you’ve arrived at the fifth and final stage of the product development cycle: the launch
stage, when the product is released into the world! This might involve listing an app in the Google
Play Store or Apple’s App Store, making a website go live, or putting a physical product on store
shelves.

The launch stage is a time to celebrate your work and start promoting the product. Marketing
professionals on your team might post about the new product on social media or publish a press
release. The customer support team might get ready to help new users learn how the product
works.

Program managers also meet with the cross-functional team to reflect on the entire product
development life cycle and ask questions like: What worked and what could be improved? Were
goals achieved? Were timelines met? Making time for this reflection is super important, since it
can help improve the process going forward.

For a physical product, the launch stage might be the end of the product development life cycle.
But for a digital product, like an app or website, launching the product to a wider audience
provides another opportunity to improve on the user experience. New users might find problems
with the product’s functionality or features to improve that no one noticed before. So, after the
launch stage, teams will often cycle back to the design and testing stages to start working on the
next version of a digital product.

Beyond the product development life cycle

You now understand how products are developed and the role UX designers play in the life
cycle. Everywhere you look, you’ll find products of all kinds — big, small, physical, or digital —
that have been through this very process. The more you see the intention and thought put into
everyday objects, the closer you’ll get to becoming a UX designer!