영어 영역 5

29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점] [31~ 34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Some countries have proposed tougher guidelines for 31. A remarkable characteristic of the visual system is that it has
determining brain death when transplantation ― transferring the ability of . Psychologist George M.
organs to others ― is under consideration. In several European Stratton made this clear in an impressive self-experiment.
countries, there are legal requirements which specify ① that a Stratton wore reversing glasses for several days, which literally
whole team of doctors must agree over the diagnosis of death in turned the world upside down for him. In the beginning, this
the case of a potential donor. The reason for these strict caused him great difficulties: just putting food in his mouth with
regulations for diagnosing brain death in potential organ donors a fork was a challenge for him. With time, however, his visual
② is, no doubt, to ease public fears of a premature diagnosis of system adjusted to the new stimuli from reality, and he was
brain death for the purpose of obtaining organs. But it is able to act normally in his environment again, even seeing it
questionable whether these requirements reduce public upright when he concentrated. As he took off his reversing
suspicions as much as they create ③ them. They certainly glasses, he was again confronted with problems: he used the
maintain mistaken beliefs that diagnosing brain death is an wrong hand when he wanted to reach for something, for
unreliable process ④ lack precision. As a matter of consistency, example. Fortunately, Stratton could reverse the perception,
at least, criteria for diagnosing the deaths of organ donors should and he did not have to wear reversing glasses for the rest of his
be exactly the same as for those for ⑤ whom immediate burial or life. For him, everything returned to normal after one day.
cremation is intended. * reverse: 뒤집다, 반전시키다

* diagnosis: 진단 ** donor: 기증자 *** cremation: 화장(火葬) ① adapting itself

② visualizing ideas
③ assessing distances
④ functioning irregularly
⑤ operating independently

32. Participants in a study were asked to answer questions like

“Why does the moon have phases?” Half the participants were
told to search for the answers on the internet, while the other
half weren’t allowed to do so. Then, in the second part of the
30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 study, all of the participants were presented with a new set of
것은? questions, such as “Why does Swiss cheese have holes?” These
questions were unrelated to the ones asked during the first part
The term minimalism gives a negative impression to some people of the study, so participants who used the internet had
who think that it is all about sacrificing valuable possessions. This absolutely no advantage over those who hadn’t. You would think
insecurity naturally stems from their ① attachment to their that both sets of participants would be equally sure or unsure
possessions. It is difficult to distance oneself from something that about how well they could answer the new questions. But those
has been around for quite some time. Being an emotional animal, who used the internet in the first part of the study rated
human beings give meaning to the things around them. So, the themselves as more knowledgeable than those who hadn’t, even
question arising here is that if minimalism will ② hurt one’s about questions they hadn’t searched online for. The study
emotions, why become a minimalist? The answer is very simple; suggests that having access to unrelated information was
the assumption of the question is fundamentally ③ wrong. enough to .
Minimalism does not hurt emotions. You might feel a bit sad while * phase: (달의) 상(相)
getting rid of a useless item but sooner than later, this feeling will ① improve their judgment skills
be ④ maintained by the joy of clarity. Minimalists never argue that ② pump up their intellectual confidence
you should leave every convenience of the modern era. They are of ③ make them endure challenging situations
the view that you only need to ⑤ eliminate stuff that is unused or ④ lead to a collaboration among the participants
not going to be used in the near future. ⑤ motivate them to pursue in-depth knowledge
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6 영어 영역
33. Anthropologist Gregory Bateson suggests that we tend to 35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
understand the world by .
In statistics, the law of large numbers describes a situation
Take platypuses. We might zoom in so closely to their fur that
where having more data is better for making predictions.
each hair appears different. We might also zoom out to the
According to it, the more often an experiment is conducted, the
extent where it appears as a single, uniform object. We might
closer the average of the results can be expected to match the
take the platypus as an individual, or we might treat it as part
true state of the world. ① For instance, on your first encounter
of a larger unit such as a species or an ecosystem. It’s
with the game of roulette, you may have beginner’s luck after
possible to move between many of these perspectives,
betting on 7. ② But the more often you repeat this bet, the
although we may need some additional tools and skills to zoom
closer the relative frequency of wins and losses is expected to
in on individual pieces of hair or zoom out to entire
ecosystems. Crucially, however, we can only take up one approach the true chance of winning, meaning that your luck will
perspective at a time. We can pay attention to the varied at some point fade away. ③ Each number’s symbolic meanings
behavior of individual animals, look at what unites them into a can be interpreted in various ways and are promising in
single species, or look at them as part of bigger ecological situations that may change unexpectedly. ④ Similarly, car
patterns. Every possible perspective involves emphasizing insurers collect large amounts of data to figure out the chances
certain aspects and ignoring others. [3점] that drivers will cause accidents, depending on their age, region,
* anthropologist: 인류학자 ** platypus: 오리너구리 or car brand. ⑤ Both casinos and insurance industries rely on
the law of large numbers to balance individual losses.
① using our experiences as a guide
② breaking the framework of old ideas
③ adding new information to what we know
④ focusing in on particular features within it
⑤ considering both bright and dark sides of it [36 ~ 37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을
고르시오.

36.

The adolescent brain is not fully developed until its early

twenties. This means the way the adolescents’
decision-making circuits integrate and process
information may put them at a disadvantage.

(A) On the other hand, the limbic system matures earlier,

34. Plato’s realism includes all aspects of experience but is most playing a central role in processing emotional responses.
easily explained by considering the nature of mathematical and Because of its earlier development, it is more likely to
geometrical objects such as circles. He asked the question, influence decision-making. Decision-making in the
what is a circle? You might indicate a particular example carved adolescent brain is led by emotional factors more than the
into stone or drawn in the sand. However, Plato would point out perception of consequences.
that, if you looked closely enough, you would see that neither
(B) Due to these differences, there is an imbalance between
it, nor indeed any physical circle, was perfect. They all
feeling-based decision-making ruled by the more mature
possessed flaws, and all were subject to change and decayed
limbic system and logical-based decision-making by the
with time. So how can we talk about perfect circles if we cannot
not-yet-mature prefrontal cortex. This may explain why
actually see or touch them? Plato’s extraordinary answer was
some teens are more likely to make bad decisions.
that the world we see is a poor reflection of a deeper unseen
reality of Forms, or universals, where perfect cats chase (C) One of their brain regions that matures later is the prefrontal
perfect mice in perfect circles around perfect rocks. Plato cortex, which is the control center, tasked with thinking
believed that the Forms or universals are the true reality that ahead and evaluating consequences. It is the area of the
exists in . brain responsible for preventing you from sending off an
[3점] initial angry text and modifying it with kinder words. [3점]
* integrate: 통합하다 ** limbic system: 대뇌변연계
① observable phenomena of the physical world
*** prefrontal cortex: 전전두엽 피질
② our experiences shaped by external influences
③ an overlapping area between emotion and reason ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
④ an invisible but perfect world beyond our senses ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ our perception affected by stereotype or generalization ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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13. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]
It was a pleasure meeting you at your gallery last
Man: week. I appreciate your effort to select and exhibit
① Okay. Let me go over to collect the boxes. diverse artwork. As I mentioned, I greatly admire Robert
② Good idea. I hope they listen to our suggestion. D. Parker’s paintings, which emphasize the beauty of
③ I see it differently. Those towels can be reused. nature. Over the past few days, I have been researching
④ Never mind. I can go to the post office by myself. and learning about Robert D. Parker’s online viewing
room through your gallery’s website. I’m especially
⑤ Not really. Students must clean their own bedroom.
interested in purchasing the painting that depicts the
horizon, titled Sunrise. I would like to know if the piece
is still available for purchase. It would be a great
pleasure to house this wonderful piece of art. I look
14. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 forward to your reply to this inquiry.
적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]
① 좋아하는 화가와의 만남을 요청하려고
Woman:
② 미술 작품의 구매 가능 여부를 문의하려고
① Don’t worry. I can help you create a virtual lecture hall.
③ 소장 중인 미술 작품의 감정을 의뢰하려고
② Don’t you remember? We’ve rented the same place.
④ 미술 작품의 소유자 변경 내역을 확인하려고
③ Not yet. I need to sign up for a conference soon.
⑤ 기획 중인 전시회에 참여하는 화가를 홍보하려고
④ No way. Metaverse is not just for online games.
⑤ Why not? The audience loved your presentation.
19. 다음 글에 드러난 Isabel의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
On opening day, Isabel arrives at the cafe very early with
nervous anticipation. She looks around the cafe, but she
15. 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Jane이 David에게 할 말로 가장 적절 can’t shake off the feeling that something is missing. As she
sets out cups, spoons, and plates, Isabel’s doubts grow. She
한 것을 고르시오.
looks around, trying to imagine what else she could do to
Jane: make the cafe perfect, but nothing comes to mind. Then, in
① I’m sure you can play the solo part beautifully. a sudden burst of inspiration, Isabel grabs her paintbrush and
② It’s all my fault. I should have been more careful. transforms the blank walls into landscapes, adding flowers
and trees. As she paints, her doubts begin to fade. Looking
③ How about giving your solo part to someone else?
at her handiwork, which is beautifully done, she is certain
④ Too bad. We should postpone our concert for a week.
that the cafe will be a success. ‘Now, success is not exactly
⑤ I will do my best to participate in the Spring Concert. guaranteed,’ she thinks to herself, ‘but I’ll definitely get there.’
① calm → surprised ② doubtful → confident
③ envious → delighted ④ grateful → frightened
[16 ~ 17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오. ⑤ indifferent → uneasy

16. 남자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 20. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
① reasons national flags have simple designs and colors The more people have to do unwanted things the more
② geographical features affecting the national identity chances are that they create unpleasant environment for
③ common colors and their meanings in national flags themselves and others. If you hate the thing you do but
④ most frequently used symbols in national flags have to do it nonetheless, you have choice between hating
the thing and accepting that it needs to be done. Either way
⑤ differences in color preference across cultures
you will do it. Doing it from place of hatred will develop
hatred towards the self and others around you; doing it from
the place of acceptance will create compassion towards the
self and allow for opportunities to find a more suitable way
17. 언급된 색이 아닌 것은? of accomplishing the task. If you decide to accept the fact
① red ② blue ③ white that your task has to be done, start from recognising that
your situation is a gift from life; this will help you to see it
④ black ⑤ green
as a lesson in acceptance.
① 창의력을 기르려면 익숙한 환경에서 벗어나야 한다.
② 상대방의 무리한 요구는 최대한 분명하게 거절해야 한다.
③ 주어진 과업을 정확하게 파악한 후에 일을 시작해야 한다.
이제 듣기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시
④ 효율적으로 일을 처리하기 위해 좋아하는 일부터 해야 한다.
에 따라 답을 하시기 바랍니다.
⑤ 원치 않는 일을 해야만 할 때 수용적인 태도를 갖춰야 한다.
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 고2 영어 영역 3
21. 밑줄 친 helping move the needle forward가 다음 글에서 의 23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] What consequences of eating too many grapes and other
Everyone’s heard the expression don’t let the perfect sweet fruit could there possibly be for our brains? A few
become the enemy of the good. If you want to get over an large studies have helped to shed some light. In one, higher
obstacle so that your idea can become the solution‑based fruit intake in older, cognitively healthy adults was linked
policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t have an with less volume in the hippocampus. This finding was
all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have to be willing to alter your unusual, since people who eat more fruit usually display the
idea and let others influence its outcome. You have to be benefits associated with a healthy diet. In this study,
okay with the outcome being a little different, even a little however, the researchers isolated various components of the
less, than you wanted. Say you’re pushing for a clean water subjects’ diets and found that fruit didn’t seem to be doing
act. Even if what emerges isn’t as well‑funded as you their memory centers any favors. Another study from the
wished, or doesn’t match how you originally conceived the Mayo Clinic saw a similar inverse relationship between fruit
bill, you’ll have still succeeded in ensuring that kids in intake and volume of the cortex, the large outer layer of the
troubled areas have access to clean water. That’s what brain. Researchers in the latter study noted that excessive
counts, that they will be safer because of your idea and consumption of high‑sugar fruit (such as mangoes, bananas,
your effort. Is it perfect? No. Is there more work to be and pineapples) may cause metabolic and cognitive problems
done? Absolutely. But in almost every case, helping move as much as processed carbs do.
the needle forward is vastly better than not helping at all. * hippocampus: (대뇌 측두엽의) 해마 ** carb: 탄수화물 식품

① spending time and money on celebrating perfection ① benefits of eating whole fruit on the brain health
② suggesting cost‑saving strategies for a good cause ② universal preference for sweet fruit among children
③ making a difference as best as the situation allows ③ types of brain exercises enhancing long‑term memory
④ checking your resources before altering the original goal ④ nutritional differences between fruit and processed carbs
⑤ collecting donations to help the education of poor children ⑤ negative effect of fruit overconsumption on the cognitive brain

22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Brands that fail to grow and develop lose their relevance. Winning turns on a self‑conscious awareness that others
Think about the person you knew who was once on the fast are watching. It’s a lot easier to move under the radar when
track at your company, who is either no longer with the no one knows you and no one is paying attention. You can
firm or, worse yet, appears to have hit a plateau in his or mess up and be rough and get dirty because no one even
her career. Assuming he or she did not make an ambitious knows you’re there. But as soon as you start to win, and
move, more often than not, this individual is a victim of others start to notice, you’re suddenly aware that you’re
having failed to stay relevant and embrace the advances in being observed. You’re being judged. You worry that others
his or her industry. Think about the impact personal will discover your flaws and weaknesses, and you start
computing technology had on the first wave of executive hiding your true personality, so you can be a good role
leadership exposed to the technology. Those who embraced model and good citizen and a leader that others can respect.
the technology were able to integrate it into their work There is nothing wrong with that. But if you do it at the
styles and excel. Those who were resistant many times expense of being who you really are, making decisions that
found few opportunities to advance their careers and in please others instead of pleasing yourself, you’re not going
many cases were ultimately let go through early retirement to be in that position very long. When you start apologizing
for failure to stay relevant and update their skills. for who you are, you stop growing and you stop winning.
* hit a plateau: 정체기에 들다 Permanently.
① 다양한 업종의 경력이 있으면 구직 활동에 유리하다. ① Stop Judging Others to Win the Race of Life
② 직원의 다양한 능력을 활용하면 업계를 주도할 수 있다. ② Why Disappointment Hurts More than Criticism
③ 기술이 발전함에 따라 단순 반복 업무가 사라지고 있다. ③ Winning vs. Losing: A Dangerously Misleading Mindset
④ 자신의 약점을 인정하면 동료들로부터 도움을 얻기 쉽다. ④ Winners in a Trap: Too Self‑Conscious to Be Themselves
⑤ 변화를 받아들이지 못하면 업계에서의 적합성을 잃게 된다. ⑤ Is Honesty the Best Policy to Turn Enemies into Friends?
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29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점] [31 ~ 34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Human beings like certainty. This liking stems from our 31. Free play is nature’s means of teaching children that they
ancient ancestors ① who needed to survive alongside are not . In play, away from adults, children
saber‑toothed tigers and poisonous berries. Our brains evolved to really do have control and can practice asserting it. In free
help us attend to threats, keep away from ② them, and remain play, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their
alive afterward. In fact, we learned that the more ③ certain we own problems, create and follow rules, and get along with
were about something, the better chance we had of making the others as equals rather than as obedient or rebellious
right choice. Is this berry the same shape as last time? The subordinates. In active outdoor play, children deliberately
same size? If I know for certain it ④ is, my brain will direct me dose themselves with moderate amounts of fear and they
to eat it because I know it’s safe. And if I’m uncertain, my thereby learn how to control not only their bodies, but also
brain will send out a danger alert to protect me. The their fear. In social play children learn how to negotiate with
dependence on certainty all those millennia ago ensured our others, how to please others, and how to manage and
survival to the present day, and the danger‑alert system overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts. None of
continues to protect us. This is achieved by our brains labeling these lessons can be taught through verbal means; they can
new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events and experiences as be learned only through experience, which free play
uncertain. Our brains then ⑤ generating sensations, thoughts, and provides.
action plans to keep us safe from the uncertain element, and we * rebellious: 반항적인
live to see another day. ① noisy ② sociable ③ complicated
* saber‑toothed tiger: 검치호(검 모양의 송곳니를 가진 호랑이) ④ helpless ⑤ selective

32. Many early dot‑com investors focused almost entirely on

30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 revenue growth instead of net income. Many early dot‑com
않은 것은? [3점] companies earned most of their revenue from selling
advertising space on their Web sites. To boost reported
Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted that, in a
revenue, some sites began exchanging ad space. Company A
changing environment, it is not clear that consistency is
would put an ad for its Web site on company B’s Web site,
always a virtue and that one of the advantages of human
and company B would put an ad for its Web site on
judgment is the ability to detect change. Thus, in changing
company A’s Web site. No money ever changed hands, but
environments, it might be ① advantageous to combine human
each company recorded revenue (for the value of the space
judgment and statistical models. Blattberg and Hoch examined
that it gave up on its site) and expense (for the value of
this possibility by having supermarket managers forecast
its ad that it placed on the other company’s site). This
demand for certain products and then creating a composite
practice did little to boost net income and
forecast by averaging these judgments with the forecasts of
─ but it did boost reported revenue.
statistical models based on ② past data. The logic was that
This practice was quickly put to an end because accountants
statistical models ③ deny stable conditions and therefore
felt that it did not meet the criteria of the revenue
cannot account for the effects on demand of novel events such
recognition principle.
as actions taken by competitors or the introduction of new
* revenue: 수익 ** net income: 순이익
products. Humans, however, can ④ incorporate these novel
factors in their judgments. The composite ─ or average of ① simplified the Web design process
human judgments and statistical models ─ proved to be more ② resulted in no additional cash inflow
⑤ accurate than either the statistical models or the managers ③ decreased the salaries of the employees
working alone. ④ intensified competition among companies
* composite: 종합적인; 종합된 것 ⑤ triggered conflicts on the content of Web ads
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33. Scholars of myth have long argued that myth gives 35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
structure and meaning to human life; that meaning is Human processes differ from rational processes in their
amplified when a myth evolves into a world. A virtual outcome. A process is rational if it always does the right
world’s ability to fulfill needs grows when lots and lots of thing based on the current information, given an ideal
people believe in the world. Conversely, a virtual world performance measure. In short, rational processes go by the
cannot be long sustained by a mere handful of adherents. book and assume that the book is actually correct. ① Human
Consider the difference between a global sport and a game I processes involve instinct, intuition, and other variables that
invent with my nine friends and play regularly. My game don’t necessarily reflect the book and may not even consider
might be a great game, one that is completely immersive,
the existing data. ② As an example, the rational way to drive
one that consumes all of my group’s time and attention. If a car is to always follow the laws. ③ Likewise, pedestrian
its reach is limited to the ten of us, though, then it’s crossing signs vary depending on the country with differing
ultimately just a weird hobby, and it has limited social appearances of a person crossing the street. ④ However,
function. For a virtual world to provide lasting, wide‑ranging traffic isn’t rational; if you follow the laws precisely, you end
value, its participants must . up stuck somewhere because other drivers aren’t following
When that threshold is reached, psychological value can turn the laws precisely. ⑤ To be successful, a self‑driving car
into wide‑ranging social value. [3점] must therefore act humanly, rather than rationally.
* adherent: 추종자 ** threshold: 기준점

① be a large enough group to be considered a society

② have historical evidence to make it worth believing
③ apply their individual values to all of their affairs
④ follow a strict order to enhance their self‑esteem
⑤ get approval in light of the religious value system

[36 ~ 37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을

고르시오.

36.
34. It seems natural to describe certain environmental
conditions as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’. It may Like positive habits, bad habits exist on a continuum of
seem obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’: the midday easy‑to‑change and hard‑to‑change.
heat of a desert, the cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity
(A) But this kind of language (and the approaches it
of the Great Salt Lake. But this only means that these
spawns) frames these challenges in a way that isn’t
conditions are extreme for us, given our particular
helpful or effective. I specifically hope we will stop
physiological characteristics and tolerances. To a cactus
using this phrase: “break a habit.” This language
there is nothing extreme about the desert conditions in
which cacti have evolved; nor are the icy lands of Antarctica misguides people. The word “break” sets the wrong
an extreme environment for penguins. It is lazy and expectation for how you get rid of a bad habit.
dangerous for the ecologist to assume that (B) This word implies that if you input a lot of force in one
. Rather, the ecologist should try moment, the habit will be gone. However, that rarely
to gain a worm’s‑eye or plant’s‑eye view of the environment: works, because you usually cannot get rid of an
to see the world as others see it. Emotive words like harsh unwanted habit by applying force one time.
and benign, even relativities such as hot and cold, should be (C) When you get toward the “hard” end of the spectrum,
used by ecologists only with care. [3점] note the language you hear — breaking bad habits and
* benign: 온화한 ** salinity: 염도 battling addiction. It’s as if an unwanted behavior is a
nefarious villain to be aggressively defeated.
① complex organisms are superior to simple ones
* spawn: 낳다 ** nefarious: 사악한
② technologies help us survive extreme environments
③ ecological diversity is supported by extreme environments ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
④ all other organisms sense the environment in the way we do ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ species adapt to environmental changes in predictable ways ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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37. 39.
A common but incorrect assumption is that we are For others, whose creativity is more focused on methods
creatures of reason when, in fact, we are creatures of and technique, creativity may lead to solutions that
both reason and emotion. We cannot get by on reason drastically reduce the work necessary to solve a problem.
alone since any reason always eventually leads to a
Creativity can have an effect on productivity. Creativity
feeling. Should I get a wholegrain cereal or a chocolate leads some individuals to recognize problems that others do
cereal? not see, but which may be very difficult. ( ① ) Charles
Darwin’s approach to the speciation problem is a good
(A) These deep‑seated values, feelings, and emotions we example of this; he chose a very difficult and tangled
have are rarely a result of reasoning, but can certainly problem, speciation, which led him into a long period of data
be influenced by reasoning. We have values, feelings, collection and deliberation. ( ② ) This choice of problem did
and emotions before we begin to reason and long before not allow for a quick attack or a simple experiment. ( ③ )
In such cases creativity may actually decrease productivity
we begin to reason effectively.
(as measured by publication counts) because effort is
(B) I can list all the reasons I want, but the reasons have
focused on difficult problems. ( ④ ) We can see an example
to be based on something. For example, if my goal is to in the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain cereal, but which enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA in a short
what is my reason for wanting to be healthy? time. ( ⑤ ) This type of creativity might reduce the
(C) I can list more and more reasons such as wanting to number of steps or substitute steps that are less likely to
live longer, spending more quality time with loved ones, fail, thus increasing productivity. [3점]
* speciation: 종(種) 분화 ** polymerase chain reaction: 중합 효소 연쇄 반응
etc., but what are the reasons for those reasons? You
should be able to see by now that reasons are
40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A),
ultimately based on non‑reason such as values, feelings,
(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
or emotions. [3점]
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) A young child may be puzzled when asked to
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) distinguish between the directions of right and left. But
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) that same child may have no difficulty in determining the
directions of up and down or back and front. Scientists
propose that this occurs because, although we experience
three dimensions, only two had a strong influence on our
evolution: the vertical dimension as defined by gravity
and, in mobile species, the front/back dimension as
defined by the positioning of sensory and feeding
mechanisms. These influence our perception of vertical
[38 ~ 39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 versus horizontal, far versus close, and the search for
적절한 곳을 고르시오. dangers from above (such as an eagle) or below (such
as a snake). However, the left‑right axis is not as
38. relevant in nature. A bear is equally dangerous from its
left or the right side, but not if it is upside down. In
In the electric organ the muscle cells are connected in fact, when observing a scene containing plants, animals,
larger chunks, which makes the total current intensity and man‑made objects such as cars or street signs, we
larger than in ordinary muscles. can only tell when left and right have been inverted if
we observe those artificial items.
Electric communication is mainly known in fish. The * axis: 축
electric signals are produced in special electric organs. When 
the signal is discharged the electric organ will be negatively
Having affected the evolution of our (A) perception,
loaded compared to the head and an electric field is created
vertical and front/back dimensions are easily perceived,
around the fish. ( ① ) A weak electric current is created
but the left‑right axis, which is not (B) in nature,
also in ordinary muscle cells when they contract. ( ② ) The doesn’t come instantly to us.
fish varies the signals by changing the form of the electric
field or the frequency of discharging. ( ③ ) The system is (A) (B)
only working over small distances, about one to two meters. ① spatial ······ significant
( ④ ) This is an advantage since the species using the ② spatial ······ scarce
signal system often live in large groups with several other ③ auditory ······ different
species. ( ⑤ ) If many fish send out signals at the same ④ cultural ······ accessible
time, the short range decreases the risk of interference. ⑤ cultural ······ desirable
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 8 영어 영역 고2
[41 ~ 42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. (B)

‘Wow,’ thought Wylder. From his new location on the

Creative people aren’t all cut from the same cloth. They grass, he stretched out his legs. He liked what he was
have (a) varying levels of maturity and sensitivity. They hearing. A new sense of team spirit came across (b) him,
have different approaches to work. And they’re each a deeper sense of connection. It was encouraging to hear
motivated by different things. Managing people is about Coach talk about this, to see him face the challenge
being aware of their unique personalities. It’s also about head‑on. Now his speech was over. The players got up
and started walking on the field to warm up. “Good job,
empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you
Coach. That was good,” Wylder said to McGraw in a low
do and say will be interpreted and adapting accordingly. voice as he walked past him, keeping (c) his eyes down
Who you are and what you say may not be the (b) same out of respect.
from one person to the next. For instance, if you’re
(C)
asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or
telling them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion McGraw continued to point, calling each player out, until
just yet, you need to bear in mind the (c) group. Vincent he was satisfied with the rearrangement. “Okay, this is
will have a very different reaction to the news than how it’s going to be,” he began. “We need to learn how
to trust and work with each other. This is how a team
Emily, and they will each be more receptive to the news
plays. This is how I want you to be on and off the field:
if it’s bundled with different things. Perhaps that
together.” The players looked at each other. Almost
promotion news will land (d) easier if Vincent is given a immediately, McGraw noticed a change in their postures
few extra vacation days for the holidays, while you can and faces. (d) He saw some of them starting to smile.
promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now.
(D)
Consider each person’s complex positive and negative
personality traits, their life circumstances, and their Coach McGraw, too, saw the pattern ― new kids and
mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and others grouping separately. ‘This has to change,’ he
thought. He wanted a winning team. To do that, he
how to say it. Personal connection, compassion, and an
needed to build relationships. “I want you guys to come
individualized management style are (e) key to drawing
over here in the middle and sit,” he called the players as
consistent, rock star‑level work out of everyone. he walked over. “You!” McGraw roared, pointing at
Wylder. “Come here onto the field and sit. And Jonny!
41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? You sit over there!” He started pointing, making sure
they mixed together. Wylder realized what Coach was
① Know Each Person to Guarantee Best Performance
trying to do, so (e) he hopped onto the field.
② Flexible Hours: An Appealing Working Condition
③ Talk to Employees More Often in Hard Times
43. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로
④ How Empathy and Recognition Are Different
가장 적절한 것은?
⑤ Why Creativity Suffers in Competition
① (B) - (D) - (C) ② (C) - (B) - (D)
③ (C) - (D) - (B) ④ (D) - (B) - (C)
⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)
42. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않
은 것은?
44. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e) 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

[43 ~ 45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. 45. 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
(A) ① Wylder는 다섯 명의 다른 학생과 팀에 합류했다.
It was a hot day in early fall. Wylder was heading to ② Wylder는 잔디 위의 새로운 자리에서 다리를 쭉 폈다.
the school field for his first training. He had just joined ③ McGraw는 재배열이 마음에 들 때까지 선수들을 불러냈다.
the team with five other students after a successful ④ McGraw는 선수들의 자세와 얼굴의 변화를 알아차렸다.
tryout. Approaching the field, (a) he saw players getting ⑤ McGraw는 선수들에게 운동장 밖으로 나가라고 말했다.
ready, pulling up their socks and strapping on shin
guards. But they weren’t together. New players were
sitting in the shade by the garage, while the others were * 확인 사항
standing in the sun by the right pole. Then Coach
McGraw came and watched the players. ◦ 답안지의 해당란에 필요한 내용을 정확히 기입(표기)
* shin: 정강이 했는지 확인하시오.

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