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Calculating PH

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Rosella Bethany Correa
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31 views

Calculating PH

Uploaded by

Rosella Bethany Correa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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pH Calculations Ka = ¿ ¿

pH = -log[H+]
A change in pH from 2 to 3 represents a 10 time The larger the Ka value, the more highly dissociated
decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions (stronger) an acid is.
A change from 2 to 4 represents a 100 (10 x 10) time pKa = -log Ka
decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions.
Calculating the pH of a solution of propanoic acid of
The concentration of the hydroxide can be measured concentration 0.2M, given that the pKa of propanoic
similarly using a pOH scale. acid is 4.82.
pOH = - log[OH-]
pH + pOH = 14 Only a small amount (x) of the acid dissociates.

Calculating the pH of a Strong Acid


Strong acids are fully dissociated in aqueous solution
and the concentration of H+ ions can be found using
stoichiometry.
Ka = ¿ ¿
Eg. 1. Calculate the pH of 0.1M HCl solution
HCl → H+ + Cl- (x )( x)
1 mole → 1 mole H+ Ka =
(0.2−x)
0.1mole → 0.1 mole H+
Therefore pH = - log[H+] = - log (0.1) = 1 Since x is a small amount, it is considered negligible.

Eg. 2. Calculate the pH of 0.1M H2SO4 solution. 2


x
H2SO4 → 2H+ + SO4-2 Ka =
0.2
1 mole → 2 mole H+
0.1 mole → 0.2 mole H+
Ka = 10-pKa = 10-4.82 = 1.513 x 10-5
Therefore pH = - log[H+] = - log (0.2) = 0.7
2
Calculating the pH of a Strong Base x
1.513 x 10-5 =
pOH is first found. 0.2
pH = 14 – pOH
√
[H+] = x = (1.513 x 10−5 )(0.2) = 1.740 x 10-3M
Eg. 3 Calculate the pH of a 0.23M Ca(OH)2 solution.
pH = -log [H+] = -log (1.740 x 10-3) = 2.76
First determine [OH ].
-

Ca(OH)2 → Ca2+ + 2OH-


1 mole → 2 moles OH- Calculating the pH of a Weak Base
0.23 mole → 0.46 moles OH- A weak base dissociates only to a small extent until
equilibrium is achieved.
pOH = - log[OH-] = - log[0.46] = 0.34
The equilibrium constant for the reaction is called the
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 0.34 = 13.66 base dissociation constant, Kb.

Calculating the pH of a Weak Acid For example, when methylamine dissolves in water,
A weak acid dissociates only to a small extent until CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ CH3NH3+(aq) + OH-(aq)
equilibrium is achieved. The equilibrium constant for
the reaction is called the acid dissociation constant, Kb = ¿ ¿
Ka.
Base dissociation constants can be used to compare
For example, when ethanoic acid dissolves in water. the strengths of bases. The larger the Kb value, the
CH3COOH(aq) ⇌ CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq) more highly dissociated (stronger) a base is.
pKb = -log Kb pH = pKw – pOH = 14 – 2.55 = 11.45

The Ionic Product of Water pH Practice Problems


Water dissociates to a very small extent producing a
minute quantity of H+ and OH– ions. 1) What is the pH of a 2.5 x 10-6 M solution of HCl?
H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + OH-(aq) Ans: 5.6

The equilibrium constant for this dissociation 2) Determine the concentration of 0.015M HBr.
reaction is called the ionic product of water, K w. Ans: 1.8

At 25ºC, the concentration of the ions is water is 3) Calculate the pH of a solution of 0.0025M H2SO4.
1 x 10-7M. Ans: 2.3

Kw = [H+] [OH-] 4) What is the pH of a 0.020M Sr(OH)2 solution?


= (10-7M) (10-7M) Ans: 12.6
= 10-14M2
5) Calculate the pH of a 0.005 M NaOH solution?
pKw = -logKw = -log 10-14 = 14 Ans: 11.7

pKa + pKb = pKw = 14 6) What is the pH of a 1 x 10-4M solution of Ca(OH)2?


Ans: 10.3
What is the pH of methylamine of concentration
0.45M given pKa of CH3NH3+ is 9.25? 7) HCN has a molarity of 0.50 M, with a Ka value of
3.7 x 10‐8. Calculate its pH at equilibrium.
pKb = 14 – pKa = 14 – 9.25 = 4.75 Ans: 3.9

Kb = antilog (-pKb) = antilog (-4.75) = 10-4.75=1.77 x 10- 8) What is the pH of 0.35M benzoic acid; pKa = 4.2?
5
Ans: 2.33

Note: Ka x Kb = Kw 9) Find the pH of a 0.325 M acetic acid solution.


Ka = 1.8 x 10-5. Ans.2.62

10) Ethylamine (C2H5NH3) is a weak Bronsted‐Lowry


base. If it has an initial molarity of 0.024 M and a
x
2 Kb of 5.6 x 10‐4, calculate its pH at equilibrium.
Kb = Ans: 11.6
0.45−x

Since methylamine is a weak base, 0.45 – x is 11) What is the pH of 2.0M CH3NH5 Kb = 4.4x10-4
approximately equal to 0.45. Ans.12.5

2 12) Find the pH of a 0.056 M propionic acid solution


x
Kb = (pKa = 4.85) Ans. 3.05
0.45
2
13) Find the pH of a 0.065 M solution of formic acid.
x The acid dissociation constant (Ka) for formic acid
1.77 x 10 = -5

0.45 is 1.8 x 10-4. Ans. 2.47

√
[OH-] = x = (1.77 x 10−5 )(0.45) = 2.829 x 10-3M 14) Find the pH of a 0.15 M solution of ammonia, NH3.
pKb = 4.74 Ans. 11.22
pOH = -log[OH-] = -log 2.829 x 10-3 = 2.55
15) Find the pH of a 0.600 M solution of methylamine
CH3NH2. Kb = 4.4 x 10–4. Ans. 12.21

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