SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL PACKETS

BASIC CALCULUS (GRADE 11 STEM STRAND)

WEEK 6
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of
derivatives

B. Performance Standards
The learners shall be able to formulate and solve accurately situational
problems involving related rates.

C. Learning Competencies
The learners
1. illustrate the Chain Rule of differentiation; (STEM_BC11LC-IIIe-1) and
2. solve problems using the Chain Rule. (STEM_BC11LC-IIIe-2)

D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. illustrate the Chain Rule of differentiation; and
2. solve problems using the Chain Rule.

II. CONTENT
UNIT 2: Derivatives
Lesson 2.6: Chain Rule of Differentiation

Learning Resources
A. Reference
• Department of Education. (2016). Basic Calculus Teacher’s Guide. (1st ed.).
p162-166
• Mercado, J., & Orines, F. (2016). Next Century Mathematics Basic Calculus.
P55-62

III. PROCEDURES

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson.

• The Differentiation Rules for Algebraic Functions are:

𝑑𝑦
o Constant Rule - If c is any constant and 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 for all x, then 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑐 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0.
o Power Rule - If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑛 is a power function for some positive integer n,
𝑑
then (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 .
𝑑𝑥
o Identity Function Rule - If 𝑦 = 𝑥, then 𝑦′ = 1
o Constant Multiple Rule - If c is a constant and 𝑓(𝑥) is a differentiable
𝑑 𝑑
function, then 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥).
o Sum and Difference Rule - If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are differentiable
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
functions, then 𝑑𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥).
o Product Rule - If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are both differentiable functions then,
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥). Or just simply use the
formula: 𝑦 ′ = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢; where 𝑢 = the first function --𝑓(𝑥), 𝑑𝑢 = the
derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) with respect to 𝑥, 𝑣 = the second function
--𝑔(𝑥), and 𝑑𝑣 = the derivative of the function 𝑔(𝑥) with respect to 𝑥.

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 o Quotient Rule - If 𝑓(𝑥)and 𝑔(𝑥) are both differentiable functions at 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
with 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0, then 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
= [𝑔(𝑥)2 ]
. Or just simply use the
𝑣𝑑𝑢−𝑢𝑑𝑣
formula: 𝑦 ′ = 𝑣2
; where 𝑢 = the function on the numerator --𝑓(𝑥),
𝑑𝑢 = the derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) with respect to 𝑥, 𝑣 = the function
on the denominator --𝑔(𝑥), and 𝑑𝑣 = the derivative of the function 𝑔(𝑥)
with respect to 𝑥.
𝑑
• The derivatives of trigonometric functions are: 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
; 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 ;
𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
; 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 where 𝑢 is the
𝑑𝑢
angle of the Trigonometric Function and is the derivative of 𝑢 with respect
𝑑𝑥
to 𝑥.

• The derivatives of exponential functions are:

o The Derivative of 𝒆𝒖
𝑑 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑒 = 𝑒𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
Where 𝑒 𝑢 = natural exponential function; 𝑢 = exponent; 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 = derivative of
𝑢 with respect to 𝑥.
o The Derivative of 𝒂𝒖
𝑑 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑎 ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑢
Where 𝑎 = exponential function; 𝑎 = base number a; 𝑢 = exponent; and =
𝑑𝑥
derivative of 𝑢 with respect to 𝑥.

• Extreme Value Theorem (EVT) states that If a function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on

a closed interval [a, b], then f(x) has an absolute maximum and absolute
minimum value at some points on that closed interval.

• The following are the steps in solving Optimization Problems:

o Determine the given using representation and illustrate the problem (if
necessary)
o Determine the optimization equation.
o Determine the constraint equation.
o Solve one of the variables in the constraint equation.
o Substitute the value of the variable to the optimization equation.
o Simplify the optimization equation and find the first derivative.
o Find the critical values by setting the first derivative equal to zero.
o Test the critical values using the Second Derivative Test then interpret
the result.
o Solve the other variables/unknowns.
o Conclusion

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

The derivatives of polynomial functions raised to the second power such as

y = (5x + 2)2 can be found either multiplying the polynomial by itself and then finding the
derivative of the product or using the product rule of derivatives. If (5𝑥 + 2) is raised to a
higher exponent such as 10, to expand it is very time-consuming unless the Binomial
Theorem is used. Problems arise if the polynomials raised to a higher power contains
more than two terms.
The derivative of a radical function such as 𝑦 = √5𝑥 + 2 can be found by using
delta method for derivatives. But this too is very time-consuming. The Chain Rule is indeed
to find derivative of some functions such as those mentioned above. It is also needed in
computing the derivative of trigonometric and exponential functions.

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C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

The Chain Rule below provides for a formula for the derivatives of a composition of
functions.

CHAIN RULE
If 𝑦 is a differentiable function of 𝑢 defined by 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) and 𝑢 is a
differentiable function of 𝑥 defined by 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥), then 𝑦 is a differentiable function
of 𝑥, and the derivative of 𝑦 with respect to x is given by
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

In words, the derivatives of a composition of functions is the derivative of the outer

function evaluated at the inner function times the derivative of the inner function.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

EXAMPLE 1: Differentiate 𝑦 = (5𝑥 + 2)2 .

✓ In expanding (5𝑥 + 2)2 :

𝑦 = (5𝑥 + 2)2
𝑦 = 25𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= 25𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 2(25𝑥) + 20 + 0
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟓𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
𝒅𝒙

✓ Using the product rule for derivation:

𝑦 = (5𝑥 + 2)2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= (5𝑥 + 2) (5𝑥 + 2) + (5𝑥 + 2) (5𝑥 + 2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (5𝑥 + 2)(5) + (5𝑥 + 2)(5)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 25𝑥 + 10 + 25𝑥 + 10
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟓𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
𝒅𝒙

✓ Using Chain Rule:

𝑦 = (5𝑥 + 2)2

Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
=5 derivative of 𝑢 with respect to x
Then, 𝑦 = 𝑢2 replacing 𝑢 in 𝑦 = (5𝑥 + 2)2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑢 derivative of y with respect to u

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑢 ⋅ 5 Substituting 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑢 and 𝑑𝑥 = 5
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 10𝑢
𝑑𝑦
= 10(5𝑥 + 2) Substituting 𝑢 = 5𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
= 𝟓𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎

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 EXAMPLE 2: Differentiate 𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2)8 .
✓ Using Chain Rule:

Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 10𝑥 − 4
Then, 𝑦 = 𝑢8
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
= 8𝑢7

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 8𝑢7 ⋅ (10𝑥 − 4) Substitute: = 8𝑢7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 10𝑥 − 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 8(5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2)7 ⋅ (10𝑥 − 4) Substitute: 𝑢 = 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝟕
𝒅𝒙
= (𝟖𝟎𝒙 − 𝟑𝟐)(𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐)

EXAMPLE 3: Differentiate 𝑦 = √3𝑥 2 − 4

1
We can rewrite 𝑦 = √3𝑥 2 − 4 as 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 − 4)2 .

Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 − 4
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 6𝑥
1
Then, 𝑦 = 𝑢2
1
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑢
= 2 𝑢−2 → 𝑑𝑢 = 1
𝑢2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑢 ⋅ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= 1 ⋅ 6𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑢2
𝑑𝑦 6𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= 1
(3𝑥 2 −4)2
𝒅𝒚 𝟔𝒙
𝒅𝒙
=
√𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟒
Note: This is accepted as final answer, but if you wish to rationalize it, you may do so.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

𝟐
EXAMPLE 4: Differentiate 𝐲 = (𝟓𝒙𝟒 − 𝟕)𝟑

Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥 4 − 7
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 20𝑥 3
2
Then, 𝑦 = 𝑢3
1
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑𝑢
= 3 𝑢−3 → 𝑑𝑢 = 1
3𝑢3

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
= 1 ⋅ 20𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
3𝑢3
𝑑𝑦 40𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
= 1
3𝑢3
𝑑𝑦 40𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
= 1
3(5𝑥 4 −7)3
𝒅𝒚 𝟒𝟎𝒙𝟑
𝒅𝒙
= 𝟑
𝟑 √𝟓𝒙𝟒 −𝟕

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 𝟓
EXAMPLE 5: Differentiate 𝒚 =
√𝟐𝒙+𝟑
1
5 5
We can rewrite 𝑦= as 𝑦= 1 → 𝑦 = 5(2𝑥 + 3)−2
√2𝑥+3 (2𝑥+3)2

3
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
= 5[− 2 (2𝑥 + 3)−2 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 + 3)]
3
𝑑𝑦 5
𝑑𝑥
= − 2 (2𝑥 + 3)−2 (2)
𝑑𝑦 −5
𝑑𝑥
= 3
(2𝑥+3)2
𝒅𝒚 −𝟓
𝒅𝒙
= 𝟐
√(𝟐𝒙+𝟑)𝟑

F. Developing Mastery

ACTIVITY 6.1

Directions: Answer the activity on your Basic Calculus notebook. Write Activity 6.1, Week 6
Quarter 3 and the date today. Show your complete solution for each item (if necessary).

Evaluate the following functions using the differentiation rules (2 points each)
1. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3)4
3
2. 𝑦 = √4𝑥 − 5
1
3. y = (2𝑥 3 − 5)3

Now, check your work by turning to the Excellent! Fair!

key to correction. (6 Points) (3-4 Points)

How many correct answers did you

get? Rate your result using the table Good! Poor!
given. (5 Points) (0-2 Points)
Turn to sec. J and
If your score is at least 4 out of 6, you answer Remedial 6.1
may now proceed to the next part of
the discussion.

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Derivative isn’t just limited to mathematical problems; it has a broad range of practical utility.
Nothing is useless in this world, when we say something cannot be used, we don’t know how to
use it. The one who knows its utility, will not stop thinking about it.

The uniqueness of this concept is its predictive ability to evaluate the change in quantities.
Whether its speed, momentum, temperature and even the business speculations, all the
variations can be worked out using derivative.

• Use in Physics: A moving body’s relative position can help us calculate the velocity. In
the same way, derivatives of acceleration and momentum can be found.
• Use in Chemistry: In chemistry, the concentration of an element involved in a reaction,
the change in concentration can be predicted. Similarly, to measure the rate of chemical
reactions and to check the contribution and loss of a compound during the reaction.
• Use in Economics: Nowadays, the decision making in economics has become more
mathematical. Statistical and mathematical principles are applied in making decisions
regarding possible gain or loss in investment. Confronted with massive statistical data,
dependent on lots of variables, there was a need of some tool that could assist the
analysts. Here, calculus proved to be beneficial. It implemented the derivative concepts to
predict the results of different investment possibilities. Ultimately, this enabled the analysts
to select the one possibility that might prove to be productive in terms of profitability.
Johnson, J. 2020. Derivatives and their real world applications. Retrieved from https://thriveglobal.com/stories/derivatives-and-their-real-world-
applications/

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 H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

CHAIN RULE
If 𝑦 is a differentiable function of 𝑢 defined by 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) and 𝑢 is a differentiable
function of 𝑥 defined by 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥), then 𝑦 is a differentiable function of 𝑥, and the
derivative of 𝑦 with respect to x is given by
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

I. Evaluating Learning

WRITTEN WORK #6
(CHAIN RULE)

Direction: Use yellow papers to answer the WRITTEN WORK #6. Copy all given problem set
and follow the given instructions. Show your complete solution for each item (if necessary).
Label your paper using the format shown below and it is to be submitted to your Basic
Calculus teacher.
Name: ________________________ Section: 11 – STEM __
Subject: Basic Calculus Week Number: 6 Parent’s Signature: ____________
Evaluate the following functions using the differentiation rules.
1. 𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 7)7
3
2. 𝑦 = √6 − 7𝑥
1
3. y = (4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 −3)3
7
4. 𝑦 = 1
(𝑥−3)2
5. 𝑦 = (4𝑥 − 5)−5

J. Additional Activities / Remediation

REMEDIATION/ENHANCEMENT 6.1

Directions: Answer the activity on your notebook. Write R/E 6.1, Week 6 Quarter 3 and the
date today. Show your complete solution for each item (if necessary).

Evaluate the following functions using the differentiation rules. (2 points each)

1. 𝑦 = (−2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6)3
3
2. 𝑦 = √7𝑥 − 1
2
3. y = (𝑥 3 − 8)3

You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 4 out of 6. (please
see key to corrections)

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.

If you need more help, send your teacher a message so he/she can assist you.

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 ✓ KEY TO CORRECTIONS

ACTIVITY 6.1

Evaluate the following functions using the differentiation rules (2 points each)
𝑑𝑦
1) 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3)4 Answer: = (24𝑥 + 8)(3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3)3
𝑑𝑥
3 𝑑𝑦 4
2) 𝑦 = √4𝑥 − 5 Answer: = 3
𝑑𝑥 3 √(4𝑥−5)2
1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 2
3) y = (2𝑥 3 − 5)3 Answer: = 3
𝑑𝑥 √(2𝑥 3 −5)2

REMEDIAL 6.1

𝑑𝑦
1. 𝑦 = (−2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6)3 Answer: = (−12𝑥 + 15) (−2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6)2
𝑑𝑥
3 𝑑𝑦 7
2. 𝑦 = √7𝑥 − 1 Answer: = 3
𝑑𝑥 3 √(7𝑥−1)2
2
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 2
3. y = (𝑥 3 − 8)3 Answer: 𝑑𝑥 = 3
√𝑥 3 −8

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