Tenses
Tenses
Definition, Example
Tenses are grammatical categories used in the English language to indicate the time of an
event or situation. Each tense has a specific role and function in conveying information about
events that occur in different time periods, such as the present, past, or future. Tenses help depict
the sequence of events, duration, continuity, and relationships between those events.
Each tense has its own rules for sentence formation, such as the use of auxiliary verbs,
changes to the main verbs, the inclusion of adverbs of time, and more. A good understanding of
tenses helps us construct clear and accurate sentences and enables readers or listeners to
comprehend the temporal context in communication.
In English, there are three main forms of tenses: Present Tense (tenses related to the
present), Past Tense (tenses related to the past), and Future Tense (tenses related to the future).
Each main form has various specific tense variations, resulting in a total of 12 main tenses that
cover different time situations. So, let's learn about tenses
1. Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari. Biasanya, simple present tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan fakta,
menceritakan suatu kejadian, atau kebiasaan yang terjadi di masa sekarang.
Rumus yang digunakan untuk membentuk simple present tense:
Subject + Verb 1 (Present Form)
Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “They have seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home.”
Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “They have not seen the movie Spider-Man: No way
home.”
Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Have they seen the movie Spider-Man: No way
home?”
Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “I was washing my clothes when the phone rang.”
Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “I was not washing my clothes when the phone rang.”
Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Was I washing my clothes when the phone rang?”
Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “The girl had cried before her mother came.”
Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “The girl had not cried before her mother came.”
Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Had the girl cried before her mother came?”
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Tense yang satu ini digunakan untuk menceritakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lalu dan
sudah selesai pada titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Berbeda dengan past perfect
tense, past perfect continuous tense lebih menaruh penekanan pada durasi terjadinya
sesuatu.
Rumus: Subject + had + been + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)
Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “She had been studying math all day.”
Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “She had not been studying math all day.”
Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Had she been studying math all day?”
9. Simple Future Tense
Pada dasarnya, simple future tense digunakan untuk menceritakan suatu kejadian yang
akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Namun, selain itu, tense yang satu ini juga bisa
digunakan untuk menceritakan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau
mengekspresikan prediksi yang berhubungan dengan waktu yang akan datang.
Susunan rumus: Subject + will/be going to + Verb 1 (Present Form)
Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “In December, I will have been working at my company
for one year.”
Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “I will not have been working at my company for one
year in December.”
Contoh Kalimat (Question): “In December, will you have been working at your
company for one year?”
Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “She would forgive you” atau “Giselle was going to give
one beautiful bag to her best friend.”
Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “She would not forgive you” atau “Giselle wasn’t
going to give one beautiful bag to her best friend.”
Contoh Kalimat (Question): "Would she forgive you?" atau “Was Giselle going to
give one beautiful bag to her best friend?”
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Umumnya, past future continuous tense, fungsi tense ini adalah untuk menunjukkan suatu
peristiwa yang akan terjadi di masa lalu. Namun, peristiwa yang ada di cerita tersebut
tidak dapat menjadi nyata karena satu dan lain hal yang terjadi di masa lalu.
Rumus: Subject + would + be + Verb -ing
Contoh dari past future continuous tense:
Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “Mina would have finished her homework if she hadn’t
gone shopping.”
Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “People would not have known about BTS if there
were no fans behind them.”
Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Would you have finished your homework before
tomorrow afternoon?”
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang hal atau
kegiatan yang akan, sedang, dan telah dilakukan di masa lalu. Biasanya, terdapat lebih
dari satu keterangan waktu dalam tense yang satu ini. Catatannya, past future perfect
continuous tense berbentuk asumsi atau pengandaian belaka.
Rumus: Subject + would + have been + Verb -ing
Contoh penggunaan past future perfect continuous tense dalam sebuah kalimat:
Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “I would have been working in leading companies for
six years.”
Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “I would not have been working in leading companies
for six years.”
Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Would you have been working in leading companies
for six years?”