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Hyperloop: The Future of Transportation

Prashant S Borse Harsh P Chaudhari

(Second Year) (Second Year)
Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department
Shram Sadhana Bombay Trust’s College Shram Sadhana Bombay Trust’s College
Of Engineering And Technology, Jalgaon Of Engineering And Technology, Jalgaon

Abstract— Today conventional mode 1. INTRODUCTION

of transportation is rail, road, water,
Hyper loop consist of a low pressure tube
and air. These modes of transport are
through which capsules may travel free
relatively slow and expensive or a
of friction and air resistance at a high
combination of relatively slow and
speed. The whole hyper loop system is
expensive. Hyper loop is latest mode of
powered by the solar panels mounted on
transportation which is fast and
the top of the low pressure tube.
inexpensive to change the pattern of
transportation. Similar to Linux, The capsule rides on air bearings which
hyper loop is also open and unique are driven by linear induction motor. The
design concept. By bringing this concept of hyper loop states that people
concept to reality, it will help people to will travel from one place to another
travel from one city to another city in a place in a capsule which is propelled at a
very small time and also at a low cost. very high speed. We can say that hyper
The hyper loop capsule would loop is magnetically levitated train which
accelerate with the help of linear runs inside a long tube or pipe. Hyper
electric motor and traverse through loop is composed of low pressure tube
the tube at a high speed. By using and the capsule which transport
passive magnetic levitation or air passengers from one place to another
bearing, capsule will run above their place at a very high speed. Linear
track. Hyper loop consists of a low induction motor and compressor is used
pressure tube with capsules that are to drive the hyper loop. It has the
travelled at low and high speed capacity of transporting 28 passengers at
throughout the length of the tube. The a time. Magnetic accelerators are used
capsules are supported with the help for propelling the capsule. The tubes
of cushion of air. To accelerate the would kept at low air pressure
capsules the magnetic linear environment, surrounding the pod with a
accelerator are fitted at various cushion of air that allows the pod to
stations on the hyper loop tube. To move safely at such high speeds. Due to
enter and exit the passengers the the tight quarters in the tube, pressure is
passage may be left either at the end of created in front of the capsule. The tube
the tube or branches along the tube needs a system to keep air from creating
length. Let's see how the hyper loop high pressure in front of the capsule. For
change mode of transportation. that purpose air compressors are
recommended as the solution to the
Keywords— Hyperloop, Low pressure created problem. The air compressor
Tube, Capsules, Passive Magnetic sucks the air from front side of the
Levitation, Air Bearings. capsule and transfers it to the rear end of
the capsule through air bearings as well
as bypass nozzle.
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2. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF tubes will be supported with the help of

HYPERLOOP pillars. Pillars are placed 30m (100ft)
apart from each other. There is a solar
Hyper loop is based on a principle of
arrays are provided on the top of the
magnetic levitation. The principle of
magnetic levitation states that the vehicle tubes which provide power to the whole
can be suspended and propelled on a system. The geometrical dimensions of
guidance track made with magnets. The the tube are:
capsule on the top of the track is  Inner diameter of the tube is
propelled by linear induction motors. 2.23m.
Fig-1 shows the position of magnetic  The tube cross-sectional area is
levitation along the track in the tube as 3.91 m2
well as the positions of batteries and the
seating arrangement.



Fig -1: Arrangement of Magnetic Fig -2: Hyper loop Tube
Levitation

3. COMPONENTS OF B. Capsule
HYPERLOOP
There are five components of hyper loop The capsule has the capacity of
that are: carrying 28 passengers at a time and
travel at a very high speed throughout
 Tube the length of the tube.
 Capsule
 Compressor Magnetic linear accelerators are
 Suspension used to accelerate the capsules.
 Propulsion These accelerators are fixed at
various stations on the hyper loop
A. Tube tube.
Each capsule contains rotors fixed at
Tube is one of the main components of the bottom and the stators on the tube
hyper loop system which is made of walls. The combination of stator and
steel. Two tubes are welded together rotor gives momentum to the capsule.
side by side or up and down to allow the
capsules travel in both directions. These
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There are two versions of capsule

that are: D. Suspension
 Passenger only.
For the purpose reliability and safety, the
 Passenger plus vehicle version.
air bearing suspension are used which
The geometrical dimensions of the offers stability and extremely low drag at a
capsule are: feasible cost. Due to exceptionally high
 The maximum width is 1.35m. stiffness, air bearing suspension is required
 Maximum height is 1.10m. to maintain stability at very high speed.
 Frontal area with rounded Aerodynamic and pressurized air bearing
corners is 1.4 m2 (except suspensions are superb for the hyper loop
propulsion and suspension system. The skis are pushed away due to
components). the increased pressure which creates
considerable discomfort for passengers

E. Propulsion

Propulsion system is important component

of hyper loop system to accelerate as well
as to decelerate the capsule. Propulsion
helps the capsule to maintain required
Fig -3: Hyper loop Passenger Capsule speed areas. To accelerate and decelerate
Subsystem the capsule linear induction motor is used
which provides advantaged over
C. Compressor permanent magnet motor. Linear
induction motor lowers the material cost,
The compressor is fitted at the front side of reduces the weight of the capsule and also
the capsule. It sucks the air and transfer to lowers the dimensions of capsule. Fig-6
the air bearings which supports the weight shows the arrangement of the stator and
of the capsule. The compressor allows the rotor.
capsule to traverse through low pressure
tube without choking the air flow that
travels between tube walls and capsule.
Tube air is compressed with a compression
ratio of 20:1 via an axial compressor. Up
to 60% of this air is bypassed

Fig -5: Propulsion

Fig -4: Compressor
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Fig -6: Arrangement of Stator and Rotor

Fig -7: Working of Hyper loop
4. WORKING OF HYPER-LOOP
SYSTEM
Working of hyper loop system is based on If the capsule covers too much area of
magnetic levitation principle. As we know the tube then air in the tube is not passes
that the passenger pod travel through low around the capsule. Due to that the air
pressure tube pressure increases and this pressurized
The capsules are accelerating at a high air pushes the capsule backward.
speed due to linear electric motor and To avoid this problem air compressor is
move above their track with the help of fitted on front side of capsule which
passive magnetic levitation. Powerful transfers this air from front side to the
electromagnets levitate and propel the rear side via bypass nozzle as well
capsules forward. This reduces the through the air bearings as shown in Fig-
frictional losses, as train glide over the 8
desired track. As there are no frictional
losses, the capsules travel at a very high
speed. The low pressure air in the tube also
increases the efficiency by dismissing the
losses due to air drag and this makes the
capsule travel at very high speed
Transporting passengers as well as the
vehicle from one place to another place.
The cushion of air created by air bearings
supports the weight of the capsule. The
capsules are accelerated by linear
induction motor.
The solar panel fixed on the top of the
tubes powered the whole hyper loop
system as well charge the battery packs Fig -8: Air Flows through Bypass Tunnel
which are used in night or in cloudy
weather. The energy stored in the form of
compressed air is also used whenever
required.
.
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5. MERITS AND DEMERITS 8. REFERENCE


 MERITS  Musk, Elon. "Hyperloop Alpha."
SpaceX, 2013.
 It saves the travelling time.
 Gargle, Josh, and Brogan Bam
 It is powered by the solar panel. 
Brogan. "Hyperloop Transportation
 Immune to weather..
Technologies: A New Mode of
 More convenient.. Transportation." American Society
 Safer. of Civil Engineers, 2015.
 Eco Friendly.   Hesselgren, Johan. "The
Hyperloop: Feasibility Analysis of
 DEMERITS
the Tubes' Vacuum System and
 May occur critical situation at Power Supply." KTH Royal
turnings.
Institute of Technology, 2017.
 Less movable space.
 Azam, Muhammad, et al.
 May occur dizziness in passengers.
"Hyperloop: Vision and
 High Initial Cost Challenges." IEEE Access, vol. 7,
2019, pp. 45120-45137.
 Sengupta, R. "Hyperloop: Future of
Transportation." International
6. FUTURE WORK
Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology, vol. 9, no. 12, 2020,
 The Indian Railways and IIT-
pp. 1317-1322.
Madras are setting off on a joint
mission to develop India’s own  Kazaglis, Alexandros, et al. "The
Hyper loop Hyperloop Concept: Technological
Aspects and Challenges."
Transportation Research Procedia,
 In next few decades hyper loop
vol. 46, 2020, pp. 98-105.
project will be joining UAE and
India.


 CONCLUSION
 Hyper loop system is the superb
alternative for transportation
instead of today’s expensive and
slow transportation systems.

 This system provides more comfort

to passengers.

