APA Format of Research For Pre Publishing and Publishing Phase

APA format of research: Introduction, Methodology, Results and Discussion (IMRAD)
Pre-publishing phase
I. Introduction
A. Background of the study
1. What is the study all about?
2. What is the overview of the study?
3. Who or what is/are involved in the study?
B. Statement of the problem

1. What is the problem related to the study you have mentioned in the background of the study? Provide
short background information about it.
2. Who are involved in the problem of the study?
3. Is this local or international problem?
C. Significance of the study

1. How can your study help the society or community?
2. Who or what will benefit in your study?
D. Research objectives
1. What is the main objective of your research?
2. What are the specific objectives of your study?
3. How can the established objectives help in achieving the desired outcomes of your study?
E. Scope and limitations

1. What parameters are you going to focus on?
2. What are the limitations of your study?
3. Does your study have research gaps?
F. Review of related literature

1. What literatures are related to your study?
2. Where does your literature situate in? Local or international?
3. What have you learned about the literatures you have read and gathered?
4. How is the literature related to your research?
5. What are the results of the literature you have read and gathered? (Applicable for research articles or
journals)
6. What analysis you have arrived after reading the literature?
II. Methodology
A. Establish the research samples
1. Who or what are the research samples of your study?
2. What details or information relevant about your samples?
3. What are you looking for from the established research samples?
B. Establish the type of research

1. Is your research qualitative, quantitative or mixed research type?
2. Why you choose such research type?
C. Establish the research parameters

1. What are the independent and dependent variables of your research?
2. Why are these variables important in your research or arriving the desired outcome?
D. Describe the methods of data collection

1. How can you gather the required data of your study?
2. Where can you gather the required data of your study?
3. Who are involved in data collection of your study?
E. Establish the type of analysis you will use in the study

1. What quantitative or qualitative analysis you will use?
2. Why you choose such analytical method?
F. Establish ethical considerations of the research

1. How can you keep the confidentiality of your research proponents or samples?
III. Results
A. Indicate the results through figures and graphs
1. What does the figures and graphs talk about?
B. Describe the results of the research you have gathered

1. What does the results indicate?
IV. Discussion
A. Interpret the results you have gathered (Requires analysis and use of RRL)
1. Why do you arrive such results?
2. What is the interpretation of these results?
3. What factors that influence your results?
B. Establish the conclusion from your research

1. Does your research answer your research problems and objectives?
2. What conclusion can you arrive from the analysis you have conducted in your research?
3. What are your recommendations for future research?
4. What are your recommendations you can provide to the beneficiaries of your research? (From
significance of the study)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
For publishing phase:
I. Introduction
1. What is the research about? Briefly describe it.
2. What is the problem related to the study you have mentioned in the background of the study? Is it local or
international issue?
3. How does your research will help the society?
4. Who will benefit from your research?
5. What are the main and specific objectives of your research?
6. What are the parameters and limitations of your research?
7. What do you learn about the related literatures you have gathered?
II. Methodology
1. What or who are the research samples of your study?
2. How will you gather the data?
3. What analysis you will conduct of your study and why?
III. Results
1. What does the results talk about? (Describe the results of your figures and graph)
IV. Discussion
1. What are the implications and interpretations of your results? (Use the RRL to help you discuss your
results)
2. What conclusion can you arrive from your study?
3. Does your study answer your research objectives?
4. What recommendations can you provide to the future researchers, and the beneficiaries of your research?
NOTE:
For publishing format of IMRAD, it is more of removing the sub headings of the main parts of the research and
making it more coherent when moving to each sub parts of the research.

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APA format of research: Introduction, Methodology, Results and Discussion (IMRAD)

B. Statement of the problem

C. Significance of the study

E. Scope and limitations

F. Review of related literature

B. Establish the type of research

C. Establish the research parameters

D. Describe the methods of data collection

E. Establish the type of analysis you will use in the study

F. Establish ethical considerations of the research

B. Describe the results of the research you have gathered

B. Establish the conclusion from your research

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