2022 Gad Qty/MIO UCL 145 2023 Gad Qty/MIO UCL 155

Jan-22 134 LCL 125 Apr-23 142 LCL 125

Feb-22 110 May-23 141
Mar-22 166 Jun-23 143
Apr-22 144 Jul-23 140
May-22 119 Aug-23 152
Jun-22 126 Sep-23 150
Jul-22 165 Oct-23 150
Aug-22 116 Nov-23 142
Sep-22 116 Dec-23 140
Oct-22 127
Nov-22 112
Dec-22 111
Jan-23 101
Feb-23 104
Mar-23 104
 Process Capability Sixpack Report for Gadge
I Chart Capabil
180
UCL=173.4
Individual Value

_
120 X=123.7

LCL=73.9
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 80 100

Moving Range Chart

UCL=61.14

50
Moving Range

25 __
MR=18.71

0 LCL=0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 50
 Moving Ran
25 __
MR=18.71

0 LCL=0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 50

Last 15 Observations
Within
StDev 16.59
150 Cp 0.20
Values

Cpk -0.03
PPM 631272.59
125

100
5 10 15
Observation
port for Gadget Qty/MIO
Capability Histogram
LSL USL
UCL=173.4
Overall
Within
_ Specifications
X=123.7 LSL 125
USL 145

LCL=73.9

80 100 120 140 160

Normal Prob Plot

UCL=61.14 AD: 0.763, P: 0.036

__
MR=18.71

LCL=0
50 100 150 200
__
MR=18.71

LCL=0
50 100 150 200

Capability Plot
Within Overall Overall
StDev 16.59 StDev 20.61
Cp 0.20 Pp 0.16
Cpk -0.03 Ppk -0.02
PPM 631272.59 Within Cpm *
PPM 676112.48

Specs
 Process Capability Sixpack Report for G
I Chart
LSL
UCL=154.46
152
Individual Value
_
144 X=144.36

136
LCL=134.26
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12

Moving Range Chart

UCL=12.41

10
Moving Range

5 __
MR=3.80

0 LCL=0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Last 9 Observations
Wi
150 StDev
Cp
Values

Cpk
145 PPM

140
2 4 6 8
Observation
ck Report for Gadget Qty/MIO
Capability Histogram
LSL USL
UCL=154.46
Overall
Within

_ Specifications
X=144.36 LSL 125
USL 155

LCL=134.26
9 128 132 136 140 144 148 152 156

Normal Prob Plot

UCL=12.41 AD: 0.726, P: 0.037

__
MR=3.80

LCL=0
9 130 140 150 160

Capability Plot
Within Overall Overall
StDev 3.366 StDev 4.785
Cp 1.49 Pp 1.04
Cpk 1.05 Ppk 0.74
PPM 784.77 Within Cpm *
PPM 13108.16

Specs
Interpret the key results for Normal Capability Sixpack

Learn more about Minitab Statistical Software

Complete the following steps to interpret a normal capability sixpack. Key output includes control charts, normal pr

In This Topic

Step 1: Check your data for problems

Step 2: Examine the observed performance of the process
Step 3: Evaluate the capability of the process

Step 1: Check your data for problems

Your process should be stable and the original (or transformed) process data should follow a normal distribution. Th

Determine whether your process is stable

Control charts help you monitor the stability of your process by identifying out-of-control points and patterns and t

Red points indicate subgroups that fail at least one of the tests for special causes and are not in control. Out-of-con

In these charts, the points vary randomly around the center line and are within the control limits for both charts. N

Note

The type of control chart that Minitab displays depends on the size of the subgroups in your data:

If the subgroup size is 1, Minitab displays an I chart with an MR chart

If the subgroup size is greater than 1, Minitab displays an Xbar chart with either an R chart (when the subgroup is fr

Assess the normality of your data

Use the normal probability plot to assess the requirement that your data follow a normal distribution.

If the normal distribution is a good fit for the data, the points form an approximately straight line and fall along the

If the p-value is less than 0.05, your data are not normal and the capability analysis results may not be accurate. Us

Note

If your data are nonnormal, you can use the Transform option included in this analysis to transform the data. To fit

Key Result: P-value

In this plot, the points fall in an approximately straight line along the fitted (middle) line. The p-value is greater than

Step 2: Examine the observed performance of the process

Use the capability histogram to visually examine the sample observations in relation to the process requirements.

Examine the process spread

Visually examine the data in the histogram in relation to the lower and upper specification limits. Ideally, the spread

In this histogram, the process spread is larger than the specification spread, which suggests poor capability. Althoug

Note

To determine the actual number of nonconforming parts in your process, use the results for PPM.

Assess the center of the process

Evaluate whether the process is centered between the specification limits or at the target value, if you have one. Th

In this histogram, although the sample observations fall inside of the specification limits, the peak of the distributio

Step 3: Evaluate the capability of the process

Use the main capability indices to evaluate how well your process meets requirements.

Assess potential capability

Use Cpk to evaluate the potential capability of your process based on both the process location and the process spr

Generally, higher Cpk values indicate a more capable process. Lower Cpk values indicate that your process may nee

Compare Cpk with a benchmark that represents the minimum value that is acceptable for your process. Many indu

Compare Cp and Cpk. If Cp and Cpk are approximately equal, then the process is centered between the specificatio

Key Result: Cpk

For the process data shown below, Cpk is 1.09. Because Cpk less than 1.33, the potential capability of the process d

Assess overall capability

Use Ppk to evaluate the overall capability of your process based on both the process location and the process sprea
Generally, higher Ppk values indicate a more capable process. Lower Ppk values indicate that your process may nee

Compare Ppk to a benchmark value that represents the minimum value that is acceptable for your process. Many in

Compare Pp and Ppk. If Pp and Ppk are approximately equal, then the process is centered between the specificatio

Compare Ppk and Cpk. When a process is in statistical control, Ppk and Cpk are approximately equal. The difference

Key Result: Ppk

For these process data, Ppk = 0.52. Because Ppk is less than 1.33, the overall capability of the process does not mee

Important

The Cpk and Ppk indices measure the capability of the process in relation only to the specification limit that is close
udes control charts, normal probability plot, and capability indices.

ollow a normal distribution. The control charts and probability distribution plot help you to evaluate whether these requirements are met

ntrol points and patterns and trends in your data.

are not in control. Out-of-control points indicate that the process may not be stable and that the results of a capability analysis may not b

ontrol limits for both charts. No trends or patterns are present. The process is stable across the 20 subgroups.

in your data:

chart (when the subgroup is from 2 to 8) or an S chart (when the subgroup size is 9 or more).

mal distribution.

straight line and fall along the fitted line that is located between the confidence bounds. Departures from this straight line indicate depart

sults may not be accurate. Use Individual Distribution Identification to determine whether you must transform the data or fit a nonnorma

s to transform the data. To fit a nonnormal distribution to your data, use Nonnormal Capability Sixpack.
ne. The p-value is greater than 0.05, so there is not sufficient evidence that the data are not normally distributed. These data can be evalu

o the process requirements.

ation limits. Ideally, the spread of the data is narrower than the specification spread, and all the data are inside the specification limits. Da

ggests poor capability. Although most of the data are within the specification limits, there are nonconforming items below the lower speci

ults for PPM.

arget value, if you have one. The center of the data occurs at the peak of the distribution curve and is estimated by the sample mean.

its, the peak of the distribution curve is not centered on the target. Most of the data exceed the target value and are close to the upper sp

ss location and the process spread. Potential capability indicates the capability that could be achieved if process shifts and drifts were elim

ate that your process may need improvement.

e for your process. Many industries use a benchmark value of 1.33. If Cpk is lower than your benchmark, consider ways to improve your p

tered between the specification limits. If Cp and Cpk differ, then the process is not centered.

tial capability of the process does not meet customer requirements. The process is running too close to the lower specification limit. The p

ocation and the process spread. Overall capability indicates the actual performance of your process that your customer experiences over
ate that your process may need improvement.

table for your process. Many industries use a benchmark value of 1.33. If Ppk is lower than your benchmark, consider ways to improve yo

ered between the specification limits. If Pp and Ppk differ, then the process is not centered.

ximately equal. The difference between Ppk and Cpk represents the improvement in process capability that you could expect if shifts and

y of the process does not meet customer requirements. The process is centered, so Ppk ≈ Pp (0.53). However, Ppk < Cpk (0.72), which ind

specification limit that is closest to the process mean. Therefore, these indices represent only one side of the process curve, and do not m
er these requirements are met.

a capability analysis may not be reliable. You should identify the cause of out-of-control points and eliminate special-cause variation befor

is straight line indicate departures from normality. If the p-value is greater than 0.05, you can assume that the data follow the normal dist

rm the data or fit a nonnormal distribution to perform the capability analysis.

uted. These data can be evaluated using normal capability analysis.

ide the specification limits. Data that are outside the specification limits represent nonconforming items.

g items below the lower specification limit (LSL) and above the upper specification limit (USL).

ted by the sample mean.

e and are close to the upper specification limit..

cess shifts and drifts were eliminated.

nsider ways to improve your process, such as reducing its variation or shifting its location.

lower specification limit. The process is not centered, so Cpk does not equal Cp (2.76).

ur customer experiences over time.

, consider ways to improve your process.

you could expect if shifts and drifts in the process were eliminated.

er, Ppk < Cpk (0.72), which indicates that the overall capability could be improved if the variation between subgroups were reduced.

e process curve, and do not measure how the process performs on the other side of the process curve. If your process has nonconforming
e special-cause variation before you analyze process capability.

he data follow the normal distribution. You can evaluate the capability of your process using a normal distribution.
ubgroups were reduced.

ur process has nonconforming items that fall outside both specification limits, use additional capability measures to more fully assess proc
ures to more fully assess process performance.