RESEARCH OF METHODOLOGY

TYPES OF RESEARCH

ASSIGNMENT – 1

KIRAN SHANTARAM THORAT

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN DIGITAL
AND CYBER FORENSIC RELATED LAW
 • What is research definition?

Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or

the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as
so generate new concepts, methodology and understandings.
This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research
to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.

• What is research simple definition?

1. To Search or investigate.
2. Studious inquiry or examination;

Especially: Investigation or experimentation aimed at the

discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted
theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical
application of such new or revised theories of laws.
MEANING OF RESEARCH:
• Research in common parlance(talk) refers to a search for
knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific
and systematic search for pertinent(meet) information
on a specific topic.
• The search for knowledge through objective and
systematic method of finding solution to a problem is
research.
• ‘research’ refers to the
systematic method consisting
of enunciating the problem,
formulating a hypothesis,
collecting the facts or data,
analysing the facts and
reaching certain conclusions
either in the form of
solutions(s) towards the
concerned problem or in
certain generalisations for
some theoretical
formulation.
 OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH:
1. To gain familiarity with a
phenomenon or to achieve
new insights into it (studies
with this object in view are
termed as exploratory or
formulative research studies)

2. To portray accurately the

characteristics of a particular
individual, situation or a
group (studies with this
object in view are known as
descriptive research studies)

3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs

or with which it is associated with something else (studies
with this object in view are known as diagnostic research
studies)

4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between

variables (such studies are known as hypothesis-testing
research studies).
MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH:
1. DESIRE TO GET A RESEARCH DEGREE ALONG WITH
ITS CONSEQUENTIAL BENEFITS;

2. DESIRE TO FACE THE CHALLENGE IN

SOLVING THE UNSOLVED PROBLEMS,
I.E., CONCERN OVER PRACTICAL
PROBLEMS INITIATES RESEARCH;

3. DESIRE TO GET INTELLECTUAL JOY OF DOING SOME

CREATIVE WORK;

4. DESIRE TO BE OF SERVICE TO SOCIETY;

5. DESIRE TO GET RESPECTABILITY.

BAISC TYPES OF RESEARCH:
➢ Descriptive research
➢ Analytical research
➢Applied (action) research
➢ Fundamental (Basic or pure) research
➢ Quantitative research
➢ Qualitative research
➢ Conceptual research
➢ Empirical(non-
scientific) research
➢ Some Other Types of
Research
 Descriptive research:
• Descriptive research includes
surveys and fact-finding
enquiries of different kinds. The
major purpose of descriptive
research is description of the
state affairs as it exists at
present.
• Surveys and facts finding enquiries of different
kinds.
• Ex post facto research for descriptive research
studies.
• Most ex post facto research projects are used for
descriptive studies in which the researcher seeks
to measure such items as, for example, frequency
of shopping, preferences of people, or similar
data.

Analytical research:
• In analytical research, on the other
hand, the researcher has to use facts
or information already available,
and analyze these to make a critical
evaluation of the material.

• Involves in-depth study and

evaluation of available information
in an attempt to explain complex phenomenon.
 Applied (action) Research:
• Finding a solution to an immediate problem
• Research aimed at certain conclusions (say, a
solution) facing a concrete social or business
problem is an example of applied research.
• Marketing research or Evaluation research are
examples of Applied research.

Fundamental (Basic/Pure) Research:

• Fundamental research is mainly concerned with
generalisations and with the formulation of a
theory.
• Research concerning some natural phenomenon or
relating to pure mathematics are examples of
fundamental research.
• Finding information that has a broad base of
application.
 Quantitative Research:
• Quantitative research is based on the
measurement of quantity or amount.
• Weighting, measuring are example of
quantitative Research.
• It is method used to generate numerical data by
using a lot of techniques
such as logical, statistical
and mathematical
techniques.
• It is one of the
exploratory research
methods.

Qualitative Research:
• Qualitative research, on
the other hand, is concerned with qualitative
phenomenon, i.e., phenomena relating to or
involving quality or kind.
• A method for developing a better understanding
of human and social sciences, in understanding
human behaviour and personalities better
• It is a conclusive Research Method.
 Conceptual Research:
• Conceptual research is that related to some abstract
idea(s) or theory.
• Involves abstract idea and concept; however, it
doesn’t involves any practically experiment.
• Ex. Philosophical Research.

Empirical Research:
• empirical research relies on experience or
observation alone, often without due regard for
system and theory.
• Involves Phenomena that are observable and
measurable.
• Includes both quantitative and qualitative studies.
 Some Other Types of Research:
i. Based On Time:
 Cross – Sectional Research
 Longitudinal Research
ii. Environment:
 Field Research
 Laboratory Research
iii. Clinical and Diagnostic Research:
 Case Study or in- depth approaches
iv. Exploratory Research:
 Hypothesis development, rather than
hypothesis testing.
v. Formalized Research:
 Substantial structure and with specific
hypothesis to be tested.
vi. Historical Research:
 Utilize historical sources to study events of
the past.
vii. Conclusion Oriented:
 Picking a problem, redesign enquiry,
conceptualize.
viii. Decision Oriented:
 For the need for a decision maker,
researcher cannot embark upon research
his own inclination.
 e.g.: Operation Research
 Library Research:
i. Analysis of historical Records (Methods):
✓ Recording of notes, Content analysis,
Tape and Film listening and analysis.
(Techniques)

ii. Analysis Of Documents:

✓ Statistical Compilations and
manipulations, reference and abstract
guides content analysis.

Field Research:
i. Non-participant direct observation:
✓ Observational behavioural scales, use
of score cards, etc.
ii. Participant Observation:
✓ Interactional recording, possible use of
tape recorders, photo graphic
tecniques.
iii. Mass Observation:
✓ Recording mass behaviour, interview
using independent observation in
public places.
 iv. Mail questionnaire:
✓ Identification of social and
economic background of respondents.
v. Opinionnaire:
✓ Use of attitude scales, projective
techniques, use of sociometric scales.
vi. Personal interview:
✓ Interviewer use a detailed schedule
with open and closed questions.
vii. Focused Interview:
✓ Interviewer focuses the attention upon
a given experience and its effect.
viii. Group Interview;
✓ Small groups of respondents are
interviewed simultaneously.
ix. Telephone Survey:
✓ Used as a survey technique for
information and for discerning
opinion; may also used as a follow up
of questionnaire.
x. Case study and life history:
✓ Cross sectional collection of data for
intensive analysis, longitudinal
collection of data of intensive
character.
 Laboratory Research:
i. Small group study of random behaviour,
play and role analysis:
✓ Use audio-visual recording devices, use
of observers etc.,
Significance of Research:
“All progress is born of inquiry”. Research inculcates
scientific and inductive thinking and it promotes the
development of logical habits of thinking and
organisation. The role of research in several fields of
applied economics, whether related to business or to the
economy as whole, has greatly increased in modern
times. Thus, in the context of government, research as a
tool to economic policy has three distinct phases of
operation, viz.,
(i) investigation of economic structure through
continual compilation of facts;
(ii) diagnosis of events that are taking place and
the analysis of the forces underlying them;
(iii) the prognosis, i.e., the prediction of future
developments.

Research is equally important for

social scientists in studying social relationships and
in seeking answers to various social problems.
Preference By:
Bibliography:
 Research Methodology
textbook by C.R
Kothari

Web:
 Google.com
 Slideshare.com
 Google images