MEKELLE UNIVERSITY

MEKELLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENT DYNAMIC TRAFFIC
LIGHT CONTROLLER

A THESIS BY:
1. KIDANE NEGASH
2. HILUF TESFAY
3. SIMON KIROS
4. TSEGAY G/MARIAM

UNDER GUIDANCE OF: MARIG AREGAWI

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DATE 23/06/2017

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Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................ 3
ABSTRUCT ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
ACKNOWLDGEMENT..................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 SUMMARY OF THE THESIS .................................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................. 8
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES .......................................................................................................... 8
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 10
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTTAION OF DYNAMIC AND INTELLIGENT TRAFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER ............... 10
GENERAL SYSTEM MODEL ...................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................................................... 12
RESULT AND CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................................. 16
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................... 16
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 16
Appendixes.................................................................................................................................................. 17

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure1; general system model 11

Figure 2; dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller output for 4 vehicles 12
Figure 3; dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller output for3vehicles 13

Figure4; pedestrian detection output for more than three people . 14

Figure 5; pedestrian detection output . 15

Figure 6; python code for vehicle detection .....17

Figure 7; python code for pedestrian detection .. 18

Figure 8; python code for both vehicle and pedestrian ...19

Figure 9; xml file ....20

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 ABSTRUCT

This thesis focuses on the implementation of dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller using
general purpose computer, controller, camera, seven segment display and the python programming
language with the xml file. The immediate problems that motivated us to do this project are the
presence of sudden accidents in the junction roads. Beside this there are also time wastage of
unreliable traffic light controllers and the cost consumption of modern traffic light controllers. The
system is implemented using controller, camera, and general purpose computer as main materials.
The system works based on capturing of images of the vehicles and the pedestrian using camera
and this captured images serves as input to the general purpose computer and then the general
purpose computer interprets using python code weather the vehicle or the pedestrian is to pass
across the junction and also decide which vehicles are to pass the road according their priority
(based on the number of vehicles). The project focus only for four way junction road. The result
of the simulation shows that the vehicles cross the junction road with an appropriate time delays
according to the density of the vehicles with a minimum 9 seconds and pedestrians cross the zebra
road within 4 seconds. This makes the system dynamic and intelligent in real time.

OK, but the method and the

results do not show what is
written here.

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ACKNOWLDGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude to Maarig Aregawi that successfully helped
us to design and implement this dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller project.

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
Traffic is the density of very complex movement in the available road of pedestrians and
vehicles. Now a day, the world has many towns that involves different complex
movements either from town to town or complex movements of vehicles and the
pedestrians with in the town. The evolution of traffic light controllers has become the most
Popular and prevalent to manage the traffic roads.
Traffic light controller is a system that provides suitable conditions to access a road for
pedestrians and vehicles at the junction of the road .Normally the function of traffic light
requires more safe and smooth control as possible that pedestrians are protected when
they cross the roads. Actually we can classify the traffic light controllers as static and dynamic.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The main issue that we are solved here is the presence of accidents on the
junction roads. Beside this there are issues like cost consumption, time consumption and
unreliability of the controllers. There are many roads having many junctions in different
cities with in the world and a lot of accidents occurs due to uncontrolled accessibility of the
junctions of the roads. Even though there are traffic polices, it is difficult to manage
the way of the road in satisfactory manner. Static traffic line controller is configured to turn on the
light after a certain period of time. Since the number of cars can vary from time to time this system
will not be performing efficiently.

1.3 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to design the dynamic and intelligent traffic light
controller. According to this project the traffic light controller is to be function of the vehicles
and pedestrians passing through the road according their priority.

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 Key tasks and achievements, key
results are missing.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The project focuses only for four way junction road; north, west, south and east directions to
treat vehicles and pedestrians. Either pedestrians or vehicles are treated at a time but not both.

1.5 SUMMARY OF THE THESIS

The rest part of
Summary of this thesis includes the following chapters, chapter two deals with brief
explanation of background and related work, chapter three deals about design and
implementation of dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller, chapter four deals about
result and discussion and chapter five deals on conclusion and recommendation of the
project.

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 CHAPTER TWO

BACKGROUND
There are different traffic light controllers and are categorized as static and dynamic traffic light controllers.
Static traffic light controller is a traditional and uses a fixed predetermined schedule for traffic inflow for each
direction in the junction. Fixed time traffic light controller is configured to turn on the light after a given period
of time. Since the number of cars may vary from time to time this system is not efficient.
They are however disadvantageous when the signal timing of an intersection would benefit from
being adapted to the dominant flows changing over the time of the day. And the whole idea of a
fixed time traffic light controller is not convenient for cities where traffic flow is variable. For this
reason, an intelligent dynamic traffic control system is needed, which controls the traffic signals
according to the density of traffic.

Dynamic and intelligent traffic light controllers are developed specifically to be able to adapt their
setting to traffic conditions. Hence, this system can control the number of cars that vary from time
to time. The controller uses input from the general purpose computer that is captured by the camera
which detects how many number vehicles are passing on the junction.

2.1 IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

mega 2560 is a small computer on a chip that executes instructions stored in memory.
Camera that captures images continuously.
General purpose computer that accepts captured images from the camera and gives output to
display on the seven segment display.
Seven segment display that display the generated delay and traffic light color.

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2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Different scientists tried to solve problems of traffic roads, among them are the following
methods. Dynamic traffic light controller using machine vision and optimization
algorithms which presents a fuzzy traffic controller that in autonomous, centralized and
optional way manages traffic flow in a group of common points [1]. This system accepts
information from network of cameras and through machine vision version algorithms can
notice the number of vehicles in each of the roads [1]. By using this information fuzzy
system choose the sequence of stages that optimize traffic flow totally to estimate the
efficiency of the controller, a model was developed where it was possible to integrate
through artificially created videos to adjacent common points [1].however the capital cost
of the controller is expensive to plan it.
Traffic monitoring using several camera, homographs and multi-hypothesis tracking that
uses a smart system for tracking objects based on networks of autonomous chasing
units that capture and process images from one or more pre-calibrated visual sensors and
controls the movement of vehicles and any other object around the junction [2]. And this
system only monitors the condition of the road and cannot control the traffic of the road
in a good way, and it is too costive and difficult to implement it.

PLC based intelligent traffic control system in which the plc checks the conditions of
sensors, The system resolution depends on the output supplied by the sensors, Then PLC
checks the priority and then feeds output signal to the traffic lights poles for ON or OF
the red, yellow or green lights and ON time is depend on the particular priorities [3].
However this method is not that much efficient and there may occur the existence of
accidents and frustration in hot condition and it is expensive in cost.

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CHAPTER 3

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTTAION OF DYNAMIC AND INTELLIGENT TRAFIC

LIGHT CONTROLLER
GENERAL SYSTEM MODEL
The system is designed using general purpose computer, controller ,camera and seven
segment display which works based on capturing of the images of the vehicles by the
camera and this captured image serve as input to general purpose computer which
analysis and detects the computer using python code and controlled

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 TRAFFIC
LIGHT
GENERAL DISPLAY
CAMERA CONTROLLR
PURPOSE
(ARDUINO)
COMPUTER

TIME DELAY
SCREEN
Figure 1 general system model

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CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND CONCLUSION

The system can successfully work in real time, because the junction road is controlled and
monitored as in the following.

Figure 2 dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller output with 4 vehicles.

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Figure 3 dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller output with 3
vehicles.

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Figure 4 pedestrians detection output more than three

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Figure 5 pedestrian detection output

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CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION

Observing all the things dynamic traffic light controller is more reliable and accident proof
product. It is because that the algorithms contained the xml files on the python language burnt to
the Arduino (controller) which is more power-full and efficient. Since the controller is dynamic
there will be no time wastage in which non active directions are allowed while waiting active
directions. The overall cost of this dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller is very minimum.

Generally this dynamic and intelligent traffic light controller is better than others.

REFERENCES
GAV-UniversidadMilitar Nueva Granada.,Bogota.,com, pp .1-6.

TRAFFIC MONITORING USING MUITIPLE

CAMERAS,HOMOGRAPHIES AND MULTI-HYPOTHESIS TRACKING
Telematics Institute,57001 Thessaloniki,Greec e MARAC Electronics.,piraeus.Gree ,pp.1-4.

Department of Computer
Science and Information Technology Sarhad University of Science and Information
Technology(SUIT).,Peshawar.,pak,pp.69-73.

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Appendixes

Figure 6 python code for vehicles detection

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Figure 7 python code for pedestrians detection

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Figure 8 python code for both vehicle and pedestrian detection

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Figure 9 xml file

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