Data Science and Machine Learning

Dr. Iftikhar Ahmed

• About the Instructor
• Motivation
• What is Data Science?
• What is Machine Learning?
• Course Contents (Tentative)
• Administrivia

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Instructor

• Iftikhar Ahmad
• Research Interests
• Machine Learning
• Explainable AI
• Social Network Analysis

• Email
• [email protected]

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Motivation

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How much a Data Scientist earns?
Source : Glassdoor

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What is Data • No unique / agreed upon definition.

Science? • Lets discuss few

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What is Data Data science is the study of the generalizable
extraction of knowledge from data (Dhar,
Science? 2013)

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 Data science is the application of
What is Data computational and statistical techniques to
Science? address or gain insight into some problem in
the real world. (Kolter, 2019)

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 Data science is an inter-disciplinary field that
What is Data uses scientific methods, processes,
algorithms and systems to extract knowledge
Science? and insights from structured and
unstructured data (Wikipedia)

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What is Data
Science?

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What is Machine Learning?

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What is Machine Learning? (I)
• No single well-defined definition.

• Arthur Samuel (1959)

• Samuel wrote a checkers playing program

• Had the program play 10,000 games against itself

• Work out which board positions were good and bad

depending on wins/losses

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 Arthur Samuel (1959)

"Field of study that gives computers the ability

to learn without being explicitly programmed"

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 Tom Mitchell (1999)
"A computer program is said to learn from
experience E with respect to some class of tasks
T and performance measure P, if its
performance at tasks in T, as measured by P,
improves with experience E.”
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What is Machine Learning? (II)
• Tom Mitchell (1999)
• The checkers example,
• E = 10,000s games
• T is playing checkers
• P if you win or not

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What is Machine Learning? (II)
• Tom Mitchell (1999)
• The checkers example,
• E = 10,000s games
• T is playing checkers
• P if you win or not

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What is Machine Learning? (III)
• Machine learning is programming computers to optimize a
performance criterion using example data or past experience.
• There is no need to “learn” to calculate payroll
• Learning is used when:
• Human expertise does not exist (navigating on Mars),
• Humans are unable to explain their expertise (speech recognition)
• Solution changes in time (routing on a computer network)
• Solution needs to be adapted to particular cases (user biometrics)
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What is Machine Learning? (IV)
• Learning general models from a data of particular examples
• Data is cheap and abundant (data warehouses, data marts);
knowledge is expensive and scarce.
• Example in retail: Customer transactions to consumer behavior:
• People who bought “Da Vinci Code” also bought “The Five People You
Meet in Heaven” (www.amazon.com)

• Build a model that is a good and useful approximation to the data.

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What is Machine Learning? (V)
• Learning general models from a data of particular examples
• Data is cheap and abundant (data warehouses, data marts);
knowledge is expensive and scarce.
• Example in retail: Customer transactions to consumer behavior:
• People who bought “Da Vinci Code” also bought “The Five People You
Meet in Heaven” (www.amazon.com)

• Build a model that is a good and useful approximation to the data.

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What is Machine Learning? (VI)
• Machine Learning
• Study of algorithms that
• improve their performance
• at some task
• with experience
• Optimize a performance criterion using example data or past
experience
• Role of Statistics : Inference from a sample
• Role of Computer Science: Efficient algorithms to
• Solve the optimization problem
• Representing and evaluating the model for inference
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Types of Machine Learning Algorithms
• Several types of learning algorithms
• Supervised Learning
• Teach the computer how to do something, then let it use its newfound
knowledge to do it.
• Unsupervised Learning
• Let the computer learn how to do something, and use this to determine
structure and patterns in data
• Others
• Reinforcement Learning
• Generative AI
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 Analyze & Analyze and interpret data using an appropriate data
Interpret science approach

Course Explain & Explain the significance of exploratory data analysis

(EDA) in data science, and apply basic tools (plots,
Objectives Apply graphs, summary statistics) to carry out EDA.

Formulate Formulate and use appropriate models of data

& Use analysis to find solution to real world problems

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 Data Science Methodology

Python

Data Preprocessing / Data Wrangling

Course Exploratory Data Analysis

Contents
Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Algorithm

Model Evaluation and Validation

Ensemble Learning and Deep Learning

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Grading Policy TBD

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 www.python.org/downloads/
Python 3

Software
www. jupyter.org/install

Jupyter Notebook

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Installation

• Python
• Jupyter Notebook

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 Installation - Python

• Visit
https://www.python.org/downloads/
• Download a stable (no pre-release)
version for your platform (Win, Mac,
Linux)
• Follow the on-screen instructions
(see next slide)

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 Python Installation Steps
2

1.Make sure that “Add python.exe to PATH” is

checked (Screen 1)
2.Click on “Customize installation”
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3.Click Next on Screen 2
4.Pay close attention to Screen 3, click “Install”
 Installation – Jupyter Notebook

• Go to command line
• Windows + R
• Type “cmd”
• Type the following command to install
jupyterlab
• pip install jupyterlab
• After successful installation type the
following command
• jupyter lab
• If everything goes well, you should see a
screen as shown in the right panel
• Other installation option
• Conda
• https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/
Installation – Easy Way

• Google Colab
• Requires a Google account
• https://colab.research.google.com/
• Works online only
• Notebooks can be downloaded/uploaded

• Let's install Python and Jupyter Lab