Disaster Management Evs Assignment

DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
EVS ASSIGNMENT
PRERNA TRIPATHY
20BSR16044
V BcGBt-A
INTRODUCTION:
Disaster, as defined by the United Nations, is a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or society, which involve widespread human,
material, economic or environmental impacts that exceed the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disaster
management is how we deal with the human, material, economic or
environmental impacts of said disaster, it is the process of how we “prepare for,
respond to and learn from the effects of major failures.” The combination of
hazards, vulnerability, and inability to reduce the potential negative
consequences of risk results in disaster.
(VULNERABILITY+ HAZARD) / CAPACITY = DISASTER
Types of Disaster
Natural Disasters
According to the International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent
Societies Natural Disasters are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused
either by rapid or slow onset events that have immediate impacts on human
health and secondary impacts causing further death and suffering. These
disasters can be:
Geophysical (e.g., Earthquakes, Landslides, Tsunamis and Volcanic Activity)
Hydrological (e.g., Avalanches and Floods)
Climatological (e.g., Extreme Temperatures, Drought and Wildfires)
Meteorological (e.g., Cyclones and Storms/Wave Surges)
Biological (e.g., Disease Epidemics and Insect/Animal Plagues)
Man-Made Disasters
Man-Made Disasters as viewed by the International Federation of Red Cross &
Red Crescent Societies are events that are caused by humans which occur in or
close to human settlements often caused as a results of Environmental or
Technological Emergencies. This can include :
Environmental Degradation
Pollution
Accidents (e.g. Industrial, Technological and Transport usually involving the
production, use or transport of hazardous materials)
Complex Emergencies
Some disasters can result from multiple hazards, or, more often, to a complex
combination of both natural and man-made causes which involve a break-down
of authority, looting and attacks on strategic installations, including conflict
situations and war. These can include:
Food Insecurity
Epidemics
Armed Conflicts
Pandemic Emergencies
Pandemic is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread across a large
region, which can occur to the human population or animal population and may
affect health and disrupt services leading to economic and social
costs.Pandemic Emergencies may occur as a consequence of natural or man-
made disasters. These have included the following epidemics:
Ebola
Zika
Malaria
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Aspects of Disaster Management
The International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies defines
disaster management as the organisation and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all the humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in
particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of
disasters.
Disaster Prevention
UNISDR views Disaster Prevention as the concept of engaging in activities
which intend to prevent or avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken
in advance, activities designed to provide protection from the occurrence of
disasters.while not all disasters can be prevented, good risk management,
evacuation plans, environmental planning and design standards can reduce risk
of loss of life and injury mitigation.
Disaster Preparedness
According to ICRC, Disaster Preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare
for and reduce the effects of disasters, be they natural or man-made. This is
achieved through research and planning in order to try to predict areas or
regions that may be at risk of disaster and where possible prevent these from
occurring and/or reduce the impact those disasters on the vulnerable populations
that may be affected so they can effectively cope. Disaster preparedness
activities embedded with risk reduction measures can prevent disaster situations
and also result in saving maximum lives and livelihoods during any disaster
situation, enabling the affected population to get back to normalcy within a
short time period.Minimisation of loss of life and damage to property through
facilitation of effective disaster response and rehabilitation services when
required. Preparedness is the main way of reducing the impact of disasters.
Disaster Response / Relief

Focused predominantly on immediate and short-term needs, the division
between this response/relief stage and the subsequent recovery stage is not
clear-cut. Some response actions, such as the supply of temporary housing and
water supplies, may extend well into the recovery stage. Rescue from
immediate danger and stabilization of the physical and emotional condition of
survivors is the primary aims of disaster response/relief, which go hand in hand
with the recovery of the dead and the restoration of essential services such as
water and power.
Coordinated multi-agency response is vital to this stage of Disaster
Management in order to reduce the impact of a disaster and its long-term results
with relief activities including :
 Rescue
 Relocation
 Provision Food and Water
 Provision Emergency Health Care
 Prevention of Disease and Disability
 Repairing Vital Services e.g., Telecommunications, Transport
 Provision Temporary Shelter
Disaster Recovery
Vulnerability of communities often continues for long after the initial crisis is
over. Disaster Recovery refers to those programmes which go beyond the
provision of immediate relief to assist those who have suffered the full impact
of a disaster and include the following activities:
 Rebuilding Infrastructure e.g., Homes, Schools, Hospitals, Roads

 Health Care and Rehabilitation
 Development Activities e.g., building human resources for health
 Development Policies and Practices to avoid or mitigate similar situations
in future
CONCLUSION
Mankind’s relationship with nature has gone through several stages, starting
with survival issues in primitive times, through a period of increasing mastery
over nature since the industrial age. With development the vulnerability of the
society to natural disasters reduced. However, the rapid material-intensive
growth patterns of the twentieth century have adversely affected the
environment, which in turn has made many groups (especially the poor), more
vulnerable to disasters. In the past couple of years, many people have been
killed by earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods,
tropical storms, drought, locust invasions, and other natural calamities.
These disasters have also inflicted injury, disease, homelessness, and
misery on many people, and caused colossal material damages. But disaster
management can tackle all these issues and help reduce the effect a disaster has
on human life as well as infrastructure.

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DISASTER

Disaster Response / Relief

 Rebuilding Infrastructure e.g., Homes, Schools, Hospitals, Roads

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