Resources for the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment based

Proactive and Personalised Primary Care of the Elderly

HSSAT v5 int'l
Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool
version 5 international
Purpose : Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool to :
 increase perceived knowledge of home safety and identify unsafe activities,
 develop home safety plans and safely perform activities,
 reduce the risk of falls for elderly residents.

Admin time : 30 min. variable

User Friendly : High

Administered by : Primary Carer, Nurse or Social Worker interview with individual and, where
appropriate, their carer or someone else they nominate. May be used as a home self
assessment by resident or carer..

Content : The HSSAT (V.5 int'l) consists of 5 sections:

 The Home Safety Self Assessment Checklist and Solutions
 Assistive Devices and Helpful Products to Prevent Falls
 “How to” Home Improvement Instructions
 Tips for fall prevention
 Action Log

Author : Machiko R. Tomita, Ph.D., Department of Rehabilitation Science University at

Buffalo, State University of New York, January 1, 2017
Revised for international use by Angelo Grazioli for CGA Toolkit Plus - CGAkit.com, Nov.2021.

Copyright : Public domain, free to use with author acknowledgements.

https://www.cgakit.com/e-1-hssat
 HOME SAFETY SELF ASSESSMENT TOOL
HSSAT v.5 int'l

Falls are the leading cause of injury, disability, nursing home placement, and death in adults over
the age of 65 years.

The HSSAT has been found to be useful in reducing the occurrence of falls at home.

The HSSAT (V.5 int'l) consists of 5 major sections:

1. The Home Safety Self Assessment Checklist and Solutions Information

on how to use this section can be found on page 3 of this manual.

2. Assistive Devices and Helpful Products to Prevent Falls

The products were selected based on their usability, quality, and rating by users.
The products are categorized to correspond to the Solutions on the Home Safety
Checklist. Picture credits for selected are listed at the end of the Checklist.

3. “How to” Home Improvement Instructions: Case study

Eight pages of steps to take for some common home improvements with before and after
photos.

4. Tips for fall prevention

This one page list includes tips for fall prevention other than the risk factors discussed in the previous
sections.

5. Action Log
This section is provided to keep a record of the home hazard removal process.

Original author : Machiko R. Tomita, Ph.D., Department of Rehabilitation Science University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, January 1, 2017
Supported by a grant from the Health Foundation for Western and Central New York

Revised for international use by Angelo Grazioli for CGA Toolkit Plus - CGAkit.com, Nov.2021.

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Instructions for How to Use HSSAT Checklist 3

Home Safety Checklist and Solutions

Area 1: Entrance to Front Door and Front Yard 4-5

Area 2: Entrance to Back/Side Door 6-7

Area 3: Hallway or Foyer 8-9

Area 4: Living Room 10-11

Area 5: Kitchen 12-13

Area 6: Bedroom 14-15

Area 7: Bathroom 16-17

Area 8: Staircases 18-19

Area 9: Laundry Room/Basement 20-21

Area 10: Garage 22-23

Assistive Devices and Helpful Products to Prevent Falls 24-31

Total Number of Home Hazards 32

“How To” Home Improvement Instructions 33-40

Tips for Fall Prevention 41

Action Log 42-43

2
 HOW TO USE HSSAT CHECKLIST TO IDENTIFY HOME HAZARDS TO
PREVENT FALLS

Use the checklist to find and correct/fix the hazards for every room/area in your home that might
cause you to trip or fall. All items are potential risks for falls but if a wheelchair is not used, some
items may not apply. For an expedited evaluation, access only places that you use frequently.

Steps to use the checklist

Step 1:

Go to each room/area of your home with this checklist; look for the hazards/items that are
listed below the picture on each page (Some items may not relate to your home).

Step 2:

If the problem is present in your room/area, check off the appropriate box. After checking all
the problems, add them and write the total in the big box (Each item that gets a checkmark is a
potential hazard).

Step 3:

Then go through the solutions and take the necessary action to fix those problems that are a
potential hazard. Make sure that you look at assistive devices and helpful products that are
indicated in the solutions section. Having them can make your home safer.

Step 4:

Add the total number of hazards in all the rooms/areas to get a grand total.

Step 5:

Write down what actions you are planning to take or have already taken to prevent falls in
the Action Log for your records.

Step 6:

It may be a good idea to ask your family and friends for a home safety modification or an assistive
device for your birthday or holiday present. Also, talk with your friends about home safety. It can be
a great gift for them to know how to prevent future falls.

3
 Entrance to Front Door and Front Yard

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below.
1. Lack of railings or unstable railing 5. Lack of a ramp for a wheelchair

2. Unsafe steps (too steep/cracked/chipped) 6. Uneven/cracked pavement

3. Unmarked or raised threshold 7. Ice or snow walkway

4. Lack of lighting at night 8. Lack of a outdoor grab bar

Other

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page

4
 Solutions for the Problems
in Entrance to Front Door and Front Yard

1. Lack of railings or unstable railing

Add at least one railing, ideally one on each wall. (See page 24, item
1) Have unstable railing stabilized.

2. Unsafe steps (too steep, cracked, chipped, etc.)

Have damaged or broken steps repaired.

3. Unmarked or raised threshold

Mark end of steps or thresholds with contrasting tape or paint color to

increase awareness of changes in height. (See page 24, item 2)

4. Lack of lighting at night

Add an outdoor light fixture if not present.

Add a sensor light that automatically turns on and off. (See page 24, item 3)

5. Lack of a ramp for a wheelchair

Have a remodeler or home contractor construct a ramp that will allow

wheelchair access in and out of the home. (See page 25, item 4)

6. Unsafe pavement (uneven or cracked)

Have uneven or cracked pavement repaired.

Avoid these areas if possible when walking to and from the home.
You may contact local government for repair if it is a sidewalk or driveway end.

7. Ice or snow on driveway or walkway

Use snow melter.

Have snow/ice removed by a neighbor or service. (See page 25, item 5)

8. Lack of an outdoor grab bar

Add an outdoor grab bar next to the door.

(See page 25, item 6 & page 33, item 1)

5
 Entrance to Back/Side Door

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your
home place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below

1. Lack of railings or unstable railing 5. Lack of a ramp for a wheelchair

2. Unsafe steps (too steep/cracked/chipped) 6. Uneven/cracked pavement

3. Unmarked or raised threshold 7. Ice or snow walkway

4. Lack of lighting at night 8. Lack of a outdoor grab bar
Other

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page

6
 Solutions for the Problems
Entrance to Back/Side Door

1. Lack of railings or unstable railing

Add at least one railing, ideally one on each wall. (See page 24, item 1)
Have unstable railing stabilized.

2. Unsafe steps (too steep, cracked, chipped, etc.)

Have damaged or broken steps repaired.

3. Unmarked or raised threshold

Mark end of steps or thresholds with contrasting tape or paint color to increase
awareness of changes in height. (See page 24, item 2)

4. Lack of lighting at night

Add an outdoor light fixture if not present.
Add a sensor light that automatically turns on and off. (See page 24, item 3)

5. Lack of a ramp for a wheelchair

Have a remodeler or home contractor construct a ramp that will allow wheelchair
access in and out of the home. (See page 25, item 4)

6. Unsafe pavement (uneven or cracked)

Have uneven or cracked pavement repaired.
Avoid these areas if possible when walking to and from the home.
Contact local government for repair if it is a sidewalk or driveway end.

7. Ice or snow on walkway

Use snow melter.
Have snow/ice removed by a neighbor or service. (See page 25, item 5)

8. Lack of an outdoor grab bar

Add grab bar next to the door. (See page 25, item 6)

7
 Hallway or Foyer

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below.

1. Uneven or slippery flooring 3. Dark or poor lighting

2. Cluttered area 4. Lack of access to ceiling light

Other

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page

8
 Solutions for the Problems
in Hallway or Foyer

1. Unsafe flooring (slippery, uneven carpeting, etc.)

Make sure floor surfaces are dry.
If you have a carpet, make sure that the patterns are not too busy.
Have carpet stretched or removed to eliminate wrinkles or bumps.
Add a carpet runner to slippery hallways or foyers and secure to the floor.
(See page 28, item 17)

2. Cluttered area
Eliminate clutter on floors by removing and/or organizing items. Example:
shoe tray, hooks for umbrella.

3. Dark or poor lighting

Increase wattage to allowable limits in lights. Add
additional overhead or wall lighting.

4. Lack of access to ceiling light

Ask another person to change the light.
Add removable wall lights to poorly lit areas. (See page 25, item 7)

9
 Living Room

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below.

1. Presence of throw or scatter rug 5. Presence of unstable furniture

2, Presence of clutter 6. Presence of unstable chair

3. Presence of electric cords across the floor 7. Difficult to access light switches

4. Poor lighting Other 8. Not enough space to move around

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page.

10
 Solutions for the Problems in Living Room

1. Presence of throw or scatter rug (See page 26, item 8)

Remove a scatter rug or use a double sided rug tape or a rug pad to secure the
rug to the floor.
2. Presence of clutter
Eliminate clutter on floor surfaces by placing items on shelves or
storage. Consider donating or throwing out the items you no longer use.
Avoid carpets with confusing patterns.
3. Presence of electric cords across the floor
Run your cords behind furnishings. Use extension cords to accomplish this.
Rearrange items that must be plugged in to areas near an outlet.
(See page 26, item 9 & page 34, item 7)
4. Poor lighting
Increase wattage to allowable limits in lamps/lights.
Add additional lamps or wall/overhead lights. (See page 36, item 4)
5. Presence of unstable furniture (chair, table, etc.)
Place a block under the shorter leg.
If the chair or table is broken, have it repaired or replaced.
6. Presence of unsafe chair (too low, too high, without arms)
If the chair is too low, add a furniture leg riser to raise the height.
A chair that is too high or without arms should not be used, as it will not provide
you with sufficient stability to get in and out of the chair. (See page 26, item 10)
7. Difficult to access light switches
Add “clapper” light switch control to lamps. There are other remote control switching
options for operating the lights.
Rearrange furnishings to allow quick access to wall switch or lamps.
8. Not enough space to move around
Remove clutter or excess furniture that prevent you from moving around
the room easily.
Some items may be rearranged, but you may want to donate or throw
out other items you don’t really need or use.
For information on additional device, see page 26, item 11

11
 Kitchen

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below

1. Cabinet too high or low 5. Presence of throw/ scatter rug

2. Not enough counter 6. Presence of slippery floor
3. Using a stool or a chair to reach things 7. Poor lighting
4. Not enough room to maneuver 8. Presence of a pet underfoot when
preparing meals

Other

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page

12
 Solutions for the Problems in Kitchen
1. Cabinet too high or too low
Move items to the shelves closest to the counter.
Add hooks to the wall for pots and pans you use frequently.
2. Not enough counter space
Make sure available counter space is cleared of clutter. Use Lazy
Susan. (See page 27, item 14)
Move kitchen table closer to counter for additional work space.
Use a rolling cart for added work space.
3. Using a stool to a chair to reach things
Move items to lower shelves.
Replace the stool with a sturdy step ladder. (See page 27, item 12)
4. Not enough room to maneuver
Eliminate clutter or excessive furniture (extra kitchen chairs, etc.) to add
space. Remove a leaf from the table and push it closer to the wall.
5. Presence of a throw/scatter rug
Remove a scatter rug or use a double sided rug tape or a rug pad to secure
the rug to the floor. (See page 26, item 8)
6. Presence of slippery floor
Do not walk on a wet floor.
Wear comfortable and fit shoes or socks with a non-skid
sole. (See page 27, item 13)
Change flooring surface to one that is less slippery.
7. Poor lighting
Increase wattage of bulbs to allowable
level. Add under counter lighting.
Add additional overhead lighting.
8. Presence of a pet underfoot when preparing meals
Remove the pet from the kitchen while cooking and add a pet gate to the
entry ways of the kitchen. (See page 27, item 15)
Put the pet outside or in a crate.
For information on additional device, See page 28, item 16

13
 Bedroom

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below
1. Presence of clutter 6. Lack of a telephone near the bed
2. Presence of electric cords across the floor 7. Lack of nightlight
3. Unsafe carpet (uneven, torn, curled up) 8. Arrangement that causes difficulty reaching
items (TV remote, lamp)
4. Presence of throw/scatter rug 9. Lack of device to get in/out of bed
5. Height of bed (too low/high)
Other
Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page

14
 Solutions for the Problems In Bedroom

1. Presence of clutter
Eliminate clutter on floor surfaces by placing items on shelves or
storage. Consider donating or throwing out the items you no longer use.
2. Presence of electric cords across the floor (See page 26, item 9)
Run your cords behind furnishings. Use extension cords to accomplish
this. Rearrange items that must be plugged in to areas near an outlet.
3. Unsafe carpet (uneven, torn, curled up, etc.) (See page 28, item 17)
Have carpet stretched or removed to eliminate wrinkles or bumps.
4. Presence of throw/scatter rug (See page 26, item 8)
Remove all scatter and throw rugs or use a double sided rug tape or a rug pad to
secure the rug to the floor.
5. Height of bed (too high or low) (See page 26, item 10)
Too low (your knees are above the hips when sitting a the edge of the bed) : Use
bed risers below bed legs to raise height.
Too high (your legs do not touch the floor when sitting at the edge of the
bed): Remove bed frame or use a lower profile mattress or box spring.
6. Lack of a telephone near the bed (See page 28, item 18)
Place a cordless type or cell phone next to your bed at night or during
naps. Use a remote control for TV and VCR. (See page 26, item 19)
7. Lack of a nightlight (See page 25, item 7)
Place at least two nightlights in the bedroom to illuminate the room at night.
Add additional nightlights along the hall or path to the bathroom. Also add one
nightlight in the bathroom.
8. Arrangement that causes difficulty to reach commonly used items such
as a TV remote, medications, lamp, glasses, magnifier, etc. at night
Place these items on your bedside table. If you don’t have a table, you may put
a rolling cart or shelving unit next to the bed.
9. Lack of a device to help get in and out the bed (See page 29, item 20) Purchase a half
bedrail or a bed cane that can slide between mattress and box spring.

15
 Bathroom

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below
1. Presence of unsafe bath rugs 6. Slippery tub (lack of bath mat, etc.)

2. Lack of grab bars in the tub 7. Claw foot/tub that is high to get into

3. Lack of grab bars in the shower area 8. Lack of bath chair in the shower area

4. Lack of grab bars near the toilet 9. Clutter

5. Toilet is too high or low 10. Incorrect placement of grab bars

Other

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page

16
 Solutions for the Problems in Bathroom
1. Presence of unsafe bath rugs. Use a

bath rug with non-skid bottom.

2. Lack of grab bars in the tub (See page 29, item 21) Add a bath

grab bar on the wall or a clamp-on grab bar to the tub.

3. Lack of grab bars in the shower area

Add grab bars to the wall near the shower and on the wall where the bath faucets are.

4. Lack of grab bars near the toilet (See page 29, item 22)

Add a grab bar on the wall next to the toilet or toilet safety grab bars that attach at the
toilet seat screws.

5. Toilet is too high or too low (See page 29, item 23)

Add a raised toilet seat for seats that are too low.
Consider a lower profile toilet if it is too high.

6. Slippery tub (lack of bath mat, etc.) (See page 30, item 24) Add a rubber

bath mat or adhesive non-skid decals to the bottom of the tub.

7. Claw foot or other type of tub that is too high to get into easily Add a tub

transfer bench to slide into the tub area or replace with a lower tub.

8. Lack of bath chair in the tub or shower area or tub transfer bench

Add a bath chair along with grab bars to the tub or shower area. A tub transfer
bench is helpful if you have difficulty stepping into the tub area, because you
can sit and slide over into the tub area.

9. Clutter
Remove clutter from all floor areas to drawers or closets. Inexpensive plastic
cabinets or rolling units can be purchased to store bath items.

10. Incorrect placement of grab bars

If permanently installed, hire a qualified professional to change the grab bars to

the correct location and angle.

* See page 30 items 25 & 26 and page 31, item 31

17
 Staircases

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below
.

1. Poor or lack of lighting 4. Steps too steep

2. Lack of railings 5. Slippery steps without tread/ carpet

3. Clutter

Other

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page.

18
 Solutions for the Problems
in Staircases

1. Lack of or poor lighting (See page 31, item 30)

Increase wattage to allowable limits in lights.

Add additional overhead or wall lighting.

2. Lack of railings (See page 30 & 31, items 27 & 28, & page 38, item 11) Add

at least one railing the entire length of the wall, ideally one on each side.

3. Clutter (See page 40, item 16)

Eliminate clutter on floors by removing and/or organizing items in areas near

the stairs.

4. Steps too steep

Use railings for stability.

Walk slowly up and down stairs with lights on.
Have others carry heavy or large items up or down the stairs.
Reduce daily use of stairs to reduce risk of falls.

5. Slippery steps without tread or carpet or luminous light (See page 31, items 29 and 30
page 37, item 9)

Add adhesive stair treads or carpet runner.

19
 Laundry Room/Basement

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below

1. Poor or lack of lighting 5. Slippery steps without carpet /luminous light

2. Lack of railings 6. Presence of cords across the floor

3. Clutter 7. Same colored floor at bottom of stairs

4. Steps too steep

Other

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page

Othher
20
 Solutions for the Problems
in Laundry Room

1. Lack of or poor lighting

Increase wattage to allowable limits in lights.

Add additional overhead or wall lighting.

2. Lack of railings

Add at least one railing the entire length of the wall, ideally one on each side.

3. Clutter

Eliminate clutter on floors by removing and/or organizing items in areas near

the stairs.

4. Steps too steep

Use railings for stability.

Walk slowly up and down stairs with lights on.
Have others carry heavy or large items up or down the stairs.
Reduce daily use of stairs to reduce risk of falls.

5. Slippery steps without tread or carpet or luminous light (See page 31, item 30)

Add adhesive stair treads or carpet runner.

6. Presence of cords across the floor (See page 26, item 9)

Run your cords behind furnishings. Use extension cords to accomplish this.
Rearrange items that must be plugged in to areas near an outlet.

7. Same colored floor at bottom of stairs

Have the bottom of the stairs painted a different color so that you aware of the
step. last

21
 Garage

The list identifies all the potential home hazards that may cause a fall. If the item applies to your home
place a check in the box. Then add the total number of checks and enter it in the box below

1. Poor or lack of lighting 5. Unsecured/loose items

2. Uneven/cracked floor 6. Presence of shoes near the door

3. Slippery floor 7. Unmarked or raised threshold

4. Clutter

Other

Total number of problems

* The numbers correspond to the hazard in the picture and solutions on the following page

22
 Solutions for the Problems
in Garage

1. Lack of or poor lighting

Increase wattage to allowable limits in lights.

Add additional overhead or wall lighting. (See page 24, item 3)

2. Uneven/cracked floor

Have uneven or cracked pavement repaired.

3. Slipper floor

Careful when you get in and out of a car.

4. Clutter

Eliminate clutter by removing and/or organizing items in the path to the inside of home.

5. Unsecured/loose items

Remove or move unsecured loose items to a lower shelf and make sure them will not
fall off the shelf.

6. Presence of shoes near the door

Shoes should not be placed near the door to the garage.

Arrange a digitated place to put shoes inside the garage or the home where you will
not step on shoes.

7. Presence of threshold at the door

Mark end of steps or thresholds with contrasting tape or paint color to

increase awareness of changes in height. (See page 24, item 2)

23
 Assistive Devices and Helpful Products to Prevent Falls
Disclaimer
The products listed in this section are currently available in the market. We selected these types of
products based on our experience and public reviews.
For further information, search for retailer in your area.
For installation of grab bars, railings, and other products contact qualified professionals for
installation.
The number before the products (such as 1. for Vinyl railings) coincides with that indicated in the
Home Safety Checklist and Solutions section.

Entrance to Front and Back

1. Vinyl railing
Hand railings on both sides of the stairs will provide support for
safely climbing and descending the stairs. Vinyl railings have
advantages over wooden or metallic railings in terms of
durability, maintenance costs, corrosion, resistance to mold, and
decay

2. Rubber threshold ramp

Threshold ramps can prevent stumbling and also provide accessibil-
ity to the users of a wheelchair or scooter. Rubber threshold ramps
have advantages over metallic or wooden ramps in terms of traction,
and shock absorption. It can be trimmed to custom fit various door-
ways. It is available in various sizes. (Note: Threshold ramps may
be needed for both sides of a threshold)

3. Motion sensing outdoor wall light

Lights with motion sensors can detect movement within a specified
range and then illuminate. The motion sensing security lamp shown
in the picture has a manual override feature so that the light turns on
in the dark and turns itself off during the day instead of just when
there is motion.

24
4. Suitcase/Fold ramp
Suitcase or fold ramps are easy to carry and are used to bridge the
gap over steps, curbs, and raised landings. To get in and out of mini
vans with an end or side entrance, a fold aluminum ramp can be
used. This fold aluminum ramp with a non-skid surface shown in the
picture has several advantages over wooden and single-piece design
ramps because it is corrosion and rust free, has a high traction sur-
face with side rails, and a foldable design for easy transportation.

5. Cane icetip
An ice tip is easily attached to most canes and crutches to provide
good grip on an icy surface to prevent falls. The key feature of this
attachment shown in the picture is that it has five prongs to
provide greater grip than attachments with one prong, and it can
be used with any type of cane.

6. Outdoor grab bar

A grab bar at an entrance provides support and makes it safer and
easier to open an entrance door. The key feature of this plastic grab
bar shown in the picture is that it is rust proof and in winter, will not
get as cold as a metal grab bar. Weight capacity of a recommended
grab bar in general is 250 pounds and below.

Hallway and Living Room

7. Motion sensing LED light

Using automatic LED lights is an efficient way to illuminate dark
hallways to prevent falls. The motion sensors activate the light
whenever movement is detected, and the auto shut-off feature
turns the light off when there is no movement for a preset duration
of time. The light in the picture does not require wiring for the
installation, and the built-in photocell activates light in a low-glow
mode in darkness, thus saving on battery life.

25
8. Rug pad and double sided carpet tape
Rug pads can prevent the mats and rugs from skidding over the floor
and provides cushioning underfoot. Various pads differ in their
dimensions, color, and material. Carpet tape can also be used alone
or in combination with a rug pad. The key feature of this rug pad is
that it is made from eco-friendly materials.

9. Single-piece cable cover

Cable covers keep the wires and cords off the floor and eliminate the
risk of falls by getting tangled in them. Cable covers, such as the one
shown in the picture, are easy to install because of their single-piece
design and self-adhesive backing. They can also be painted to match
the color of the interior.

10. Furniture risers

Risers elevate the height of the bed, chairs, or table if they are too
low. They also create considerable space under the bed for storage.
The key feature of this furniture leg riser is that it is made of durable
polycarbonate with an interlocking design for safe stacking, and it
can fit most leg types including castors. The usual weight carrying
capacity of a single riser is 600 lbs. per leg.

11. Standing cane with tray feature

A standing cane provides safety and balance while getting in or out
of a chair. There are several key features of this standing cane such
as a fully adjustable height and length, and it features a handy multi-
use swivel laptop/TV tray with cup holder and utensil compartment.

26
 Kitchen

12. Three step ladder

A 3-step ladder with a wide platform top is helpful to reach shelves.
The ladder shown in the picture has several key features such as a
large standing platform for stable and secure use, thin design for
saving space, a convenient hand grip with non-skid steps, and
non-marring feet for secure footing on the ladder.

13. Non-slip socks/Safe shoes

Well fit canvas shoes or athletic shoes are recommended. Shoes
with more than 1.5 inch heels may cause falls. If shoes are not pre-
ferred inside the home then wearing non-slip socks can diminish
the risk of falling on bathroom, kitchen, wood and other slippery
floors. The key feature of this non-slip sock is that it has skid
resistant treads.

14. Lazy Susan

Lazy Susans can be used to save space and organize items in the
kitchen. There are many shapes of Lazy Susans such as full circle,
kidney shaped, and d-shaped. They can be a single tray or multi-
tier shelves. They can be free standing on a tabletop or installed in
a kitchen cabinet. When installing in a cabinet, there should be
appropriate clearance from the hinge and the door.

15. Hallway security gate

Security gates of different shapes and sizes are available to keep
children and pets away from the kitchen, or other restricted areas
of the house. Some of the gates swing open in both directions with
easy, one hand operation. Some of the gates are tall (39.4 inches)
and can expand up to 63.5 inches (Note: When the door is open,
there is still a portion of the gate on the bottom that remains in the
way. Be careful while stepping over the remaining part of the gate.)

27
16. Programmable stove shutdown device
Automatic stove control devices turn off the stove if a person leaves
the kitchen unattended and forgets to come back. The key feature of
the device in the picture is that it automatically turns the stove off
when someone is not present. It has a motion sensor to detect the
presence of an individual in kitchen. (Note: Different models
available for either 3 or 4 prong stoves).

Bedroom

17. Carpet trim

Carpet trims are available in different colors and materials such as
metal, rubber, wood or plastic. They prevent the carpet edges from
fraying and smooth the transition between a floor and a carpet and
vice versa. The product shown in the picture has a fluted design for
better traction and predrilled holes for easy installation.

18. DECT 6.0 cordless phone

Some of the latest cordless phones offer Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT) 6.0 technology that provides clearer
and louder voice output that can benefit individuals with mild to
moderate hearing loss. The key features of this phone are large,
high contrast and easy to press numbers, an intercom between
handsets, sound amplification up to 30 decibels, digital answering
machine, and long battery life.

19. Big button remote control

Remote controls for TVs and VCRs with a small number of buttons
are simple to use. The key features of this remote control is that it
only has 6 large, lighted buttons for the most basic functions and is
easy to hold in your hand.

28
20. Bedside cane/bed rail
Bed side canes/bed rails provide assistance for getting in and out of
bed. A long bed rail is not recommended because it can cause inju-
ries. The device shown in the picture has the following features: an
ergonomic non-slip handle, adjustable height, foldable design for
easy storage and travel, an organizing pouch for essential items
such as a remote control or a cordless phone, a collapsible design to
get it out of the way when required, and a safety strap for securing
the base of the cane to the bed.

Bathroom

21. Bathtub grab bar

Some grab bars can be mounted on the edge of the bath tub by a
clamping mechanism. The turning knob located on the outside of the
clamping mechanism is used to secure the grab bar. The key feature
of this grab bar is that it is made of plastic and stainless steel. (Note:
Do not use with fiberglass bathtubs because it can damage the fiber-
glass).

22. Right angled grab bar

Right angled grab bars are used both horizontally and vertically.
These grab bars offer a left hand or right hand orientation depending
upon the handedness of the user and the placement of the bath tub,
shower, or toilet. The grab bar shown in the picture is ADA stand-
ards compatible with a non-slip surface. (Note: ADA guidelines say
that the clearance between the grab bar and the wall should not be
more than 11/2 inches).

23. Raised toilet seat

Raised toilet seats assist people with bending and seating difficulties
and in performing toilet transfers with ease. The device shown in the
picture has an extra wide toilet seat for bariatric patients, height
adjustable aluminum legs, padded armrests, and a 600 pound
weight capacity.

29
 24. Bath mat
Bath mats will reduce the risk of slipping on a wet bath tub surface.
The key features of this mat are the use of antimicrobial materials
to prevent any mold and mildew, machine washable, and suction
cups on the bottom. (Note: The mat should be removed from the
tub, rinsed, and allowed to air dry after each use).

25. Water alarm with temperature monitor

Water alarm devices send an audible alarm when the water reaches
the base of the unit, to prevent the overflow of water. The key
features of the device are: having both a water alarm and
temperature monitor within one unit and temperature display on the
LCD screen that alerts the user if the water is too hot.

26. Walk-in bathtub

Walk-in bathtubs offer a swing-in door that allows the user to walk in
and out of the bathtub with ease. Some of the walk-in bathtubs also
have a seating feature. The swing-in door can either be on the left or
right side of the bathtub depending on the orientation of the bathroom.
The bathtub shown in the picture has a non-slip bottom surface with
arm support inside the tub, and an optional whirlpool system. (Note:
Be careful of the elevated step height before getting in or out of the
bathtub).

Staircases and Laundry 27. Stairs grab bar

Room/Basement Specially designed grab bars can be installed on the walls
alongside the stairs. The key feature of the grab bar shown is that
its curved design allows for continuous support around the corner
of the stairs.

30
 28. Stair railing with a good grip
Stair railings are available in a wide variety of designs, styles and
materials. They provide support while climbing or descending the
stairs inside the home. They can be made of wood, iron, steel, or
vinyl. The design that allows for a good grip, as shown in the picture
is highly recommended instead of handrails that are too fat or wide
to comfortably grip.

29. Stair treads

Stair treads prevent accidental slips while ascending or descending
the stairs. They are available in various colors and shapes. The stair
treads shown in the picture have skid–resistant rubber backing.
These stair treads attach to the surface of the stairs by “hook-and-
loop” fastening strips (Velcro). The “hook” strip is sewn into the stair
tread and the “loop” strip is glued to the stairs. These strips are used
to attach and detach the stair tread when needed.

30. Stairs LED lighting kit

When installed on stairs, the motion activated LED lights illuminate
the areas that need additional lighting. The light shown in the picture
is battery powered and comes with universal (interchangeable) joints
that are easy to install.

Personal Emergency Response System and Fall Detecting Device

31. Fall detection system

Personal emergency response systems (PERS) detect falls and alert
the caregivers, emergency response call center, or 911 for a monthly
fee. These devices use internet or phone lines to send out the alert.
The key features of this device are as follows: Tracking the daily ac-
tivities of a user on a website, automatic fall detection and alert mes-
sage to family members, and automatic reminders if not worn. It can
be used with a compatible cell phone to send alert and fall location.

31
 Total Number of Home Hazards
Transfer all the total scores of each room/ area from pages 4-23 to the appropriate boxes and
add all the scores to get a grand total. Three blocks for each area are provided for you to keep
records of your assessments and improvements for three occasions.

Date

Entrance to Front Door and Front Yard

Entrance to Back/Side Door ................

Hallway or Foyer ...................................

Living Room ..........................................

Kitchen .....................................

Bedroom ..................................................................

Bathroom ......................................

Staircases .....................................

Laundry Room/Basement ..............

Garage ..................................................

Grand Total ...........

To record your home modification improvement use action log on page 42 and 43.

32
 “ HOW TO ” HOME IMPROVEMENT INSTRUCTIONS
(Steps to make changes and before and after photos)

Entrance to Front and Back of House

1. Outdoor Grab Bar
To install a weatherproof grab bar into a brick wall:
1. Locate grab bar at the needed height as well as making it plumb (in alignment) with level.
2. Mark the wall where the holes need to be drilled for mounting.
3. With a cordless drill and masonry drill bit, drill holes as marked.
4. Using masonry screws attach the grab bar to the wall.
5. Install grab bar covers. (See pages 23 and 31)

Tools needed: Cordless drill, masonry bit, level, pencil, masonry screws and 1/4 “ driver for screws.

Before After
2. Wireless Doorbell
To install a wireless doorbell:
1. Plug in wireless chime in outlet inside your home.
2. While standing at the door, push the doorbell button to check range before mounting.
3. Mount doorbell buttons on either front door frame or side door frame or both.
A. Remove the back of the push button case by pushing in tab on bottom with a small
screwdriver.
B. Place the back of the push button onto the door frame in the desired location.
C. With a cordless drill, secure each screw.
D. Snap front of push button onto the back.

Tools needed: Cordless drill, drill bits and Phillips screwdriver.

Before Wireless Chime After

33
3. Door Mounted Mail Catcher
The cardboard, broom, papers, and plastic bags on the floor create a slippery and cluttered surface
that can lead to a fall. The mail slot does not have a catcher, therefore adding to the cluttered area. By
simply placing a mail catcher (Snail Sakk) against the slot, it will prevent papers and mail from being
scattered on the floor and also eliminate the draft. The mail catcher is a heavy duty fabric that attaches
to the front door. It is easy to install and durable.

To install:
1. Peel the plastic off of one adhesive interlocking strip, which is included in the product.
2. The two strips of interlocking nylon, like Velcro, should be placed 3.75 inches apart.
3. Place the first strip horizontal, slightly above the mail slot.
4. The second strip is placed horizontally below the mail slot.
5. Attach the interlocking nylon strip on the fabric to the matching interlocking nylon strip on the
door.
6. This mail catcher comes with a mini ruler that doubles as a mail opener and magnifier.
7. To retrieve your mail you can slide your mail through the side slots or pull down the top corner
of the fabric.

Before After

Hallway and Living Room

4. Lighting using X10 product (X10 is a name of smart home products)

To provide lighting throughout the house, X10 motion sensor lights can be installed to automatically turn
on and off lights when walking room to room. In addition, lights can be turned on and off using a remote
control, as described below.
To install the X10 remote controlled light:
1. Set the code on the transmitter. (e.g.1A).
2. Set the remote control to the same code as the transmitter (1A).
3. Plug the lamp into the bottom of the transmitter.
4. Plug the transmitter into the wall outlet.
5. Turn the light on.
6. Use the remote control to turn on/off the lights.

X10 device After

34
 5. Light Switches
It is a safety hazard when there is no cover on a light switch. Placing a cover over the switch is
an inexpensive fix. Depending on the type of switch installed, single, double or triple toggle
switch covers are available. The size of the switch plate can vary as well. A standard size
switch plate is used in this house, but if the switch outlet needs to cover a larger wall area, jum-
bo size switch plates are available.
To install:
1. To replace a light switch cover, you will need a flat head screwdriver.
2. Most switch covers come with the screws you will need.
3. Line up the switch plate with the holes in the wall.
4. Use the flat head screwdriver to fasten in each screw.

Before After

6. Ceiling Fans
Proper lighting should be installed throughout the house. The picture below, on the left, has little
or no lighting and is unsafe, with wires exposed. Checking the electrical wiring and replacing
this fan with one that provides more light is recommended. The fan on the right has a large
globe underneath providing adequate light. Many fans also come with dimmer switches to de-
crease or increase lighting. An electrician should install any ceiling fans for proper installation.

Bef ore After

35
7. Cable Cord
The cable cord in the middle of the room is a fall risk. There are two ways to fix this problem:
1. Purchasing a cable cover will secure the cable to the ground to prevent tripping over the cord.
2. Reroute the cable cord along the wall and over the door frame. (Preferred method)
To secure the cord:
1. Run the cord from the wall to the source.
2. The length of the cable cord will determine the number of cable clamps that are needed
to secure the cable around the door and wall.
3. Individual clamps should be placed about a foot apart.
4. Start from the wall and apply the clamps over the cord by hammering the clamp into the wall.

Tools needed: Hammer and nail type cable clamps.

Before After After

Kitchen
8. Step Ladder with a Tray
The wooden step ladder, in the left picture below, has a small standing platform and is unstable.
The new, metal step ladder on the right is taller and includes a long handle bar to provide
support when reaching for items up high. It also has a fold out tray and non-slip rubber steps to
secure footing on the ladder.
To use the step ladder correctly:
1. Fully open ladder and place on a level surface.
2. Place items on the ladder tray before stepping on to it.
3. Hold the handle with both hands when stepping on or off the ladder.
4. When placing an item on or off a shelf, remember to always hold onto the handle with
one hand.

Before After

36
 Staircase and Basement
9. Non-slip Steps
The poor lighting makes it difficult for an individual to notice where each stair ends, therefore
causing a fall hazard. Using a non-slip tape to make a contrast line on the edge of each step
will better define the staircase.
To apply the tape:
1. The tape used should be skid guard, safety tape about 2 inches thick.
2. Measure the length of one step and cut the tape to that length.
3. Before applying the tape, make sure the surface is completely clean and dry.
4. Lift one end of the strip and peel back the first 2 inches of the backing.
5. Press the tape firmly onto the step starting at one end.
6. Lift the strip from the other end and peel off the next few inches of the backing.
7. Press the tape down firmly until you have applied the entire strip to the stair.
8. Repeat for each step.

Before After

10. Contrast Floor

The basement floor color should be in contrast to the staircase (e.g. brown and blue). This
allows a person to know that there are no more steps to be taken.
To Paint the Basement Floor:
1. Outline the area you are going to paint with tape.
2. With a paintbrush fill in the middle area of the tape with paint.
3. Let the paint completely dry before removing the surrounding tape.

Before After

37
11. Installing a Railing
Staircases should have a railing installed to provide support when ascending or
descending the stairs.
To install hand railing:
1. Using a cordless drill, secure two support posts, 2in x4in x7ft, to the bottom step
and the basement ceiling, if necessary.
2. Mark where each handrail bracket will be placed on the wall and on the support
posts with a pencil, ruler and a level.
3. Screw in each bracket to the wall and support post.
4. Attach the 10 foot handrail to the brackets on the wall with a screwdriver.
5. Repeat steps 2-4 for the 44 inch handrail on the landing area.

Tools needed: Handrail, brackets, cordless drill, 6‘ tape measure, ruler, screws, level.

Before After After

12. Fixing a Railing

All homes should have a railing that is correctly positioned and securely fastened to the wall
for support when ascending and descending any staircase.
To repair:
1. Remove current support brackets from the wall using a screw driver.
2. Clean out all of the loose plaster.
3. Mix up repair plaster material in a mixing container.
4. Fill the hole with the repair mix using a putty knife to level with the wall.
5. When completely dry reinstalled bracket with new screws.

Tools and materials needed: Phillips screwdriver, brush, cordless drill, drill bits, screws, putty knife,
mixing container and plaster repair material.

Before After

38
13. Grab Bars
Adding grab bars in different locations throughout the house provides support when needed.
Securing two grab bars on both sides of the door in the picture below will provide stability for
the individual when opening the door, and going up and down the stairs.
To install grab bars:
1. Locate where the grab bar will be placed on the wall with both ends of the bar over a wall
stud. Using a pencil, mark on the wall the location of the screw holes in the ends of the
grab bar.
2. Use a level to correctly place the grab bar.
3. Using a cordless screw driver, drill the screws that came with the grab bar through the
holes in the grab bar and into the wall so that the heads of the screws are flush with
the mounting plate on the grab bar.
Tools needed: Small level, cordless drill, drill bits and screw shields, if needed.

Before After

14. Loose Wires

The wires, in the picture on the left, should be mounted to the ceiling. To secure the cable/
wires to the ceiling, a wire staple or clamps are used (Picture below).
To secure the wire,
1. Use a wire stapler, clamps or a wire tie to secure the cord to the ceiling.
2. Staples or clamps should be 12 inches apart.

Tools needed: Wire stapler or hammer and nail type cable clamps.

Bef ore After

39
15. Basement Door
The old bi-fold door was not repairable. A new bi-fold door was installed.

To Install:
1. Remove door and all old hardware.
2. Install new hardware from door assembly as per instructions.
3. Place door in opening and make adjustments as needed.

Tools needed: Phillips screwdriver, cordless drill.

B ef o re After

Clutter
16. Clutter
The clutter in this room blocks walking paths and makes it a fall hazard. Eliminating clutter such
as clothes, paper and baskets from the shelves and floor decreases the risk of falling.
Helpful tips:
1. Sort clothing into piles you would like to keep or toss out.
2. Place clothing into dresser and/or closet. Remove items from floor and place onto shelves.
3. Toss all unnecessary papers.
4. Place papers and small items into a filing cabinet and organizers.
Particular instruction may not be needed to remove clutter. The most difficult part is to keep the
room clutter-free. A suggested way is to organize a room functionally and practically, e.g. using a
filing cabinet. Make a habit of putting things away when you are finished using them. Habits are
hard to change but are important for safety

Before After

40
 Tips for Fall Prevention
1. Provide seating at the entrance to the home, so that a person can rest or put down
things in their hand.

2. Small icicles that are within easy reach should be removed so that entry to and exit from
the home are safe. Do not try to remove bigger and dangerous icicles by yourself. Instead
have them removed by someone else.

3. Always wear shoes that fit properly and have nonskid soles with Velcro fasteners
instead of laces.

4. Install light switches at the top and bottom of all stairs.

5. Use lights with high wattage bulbs to see more clearly.

6. Installation of automatic lighting in areas of frequent activity can aid in safer night activity.

7. Keep emergency flashlights near the bed to help locate the light switches and
provide illumination in case of a power outage.

8. When climbing or descending stairs, you should never be in a hurry to pick up a phone.
It can wait!

9. Remember the number of stairs and count each step when climbing or descending.

10. While carrying things, always keep one hand empty so that it is possible to grab on
to something in case support is needed.

11. Electrical and phone cords should be removed from walkways to reduce the risk of falls.

12. Regularly used items in the kitchen should be placed where they are easily accessible.

13. When using a ladder, always keep three points of contact with the ladder, that is two
feet and one hand.

14. The use of a handheld shower makes it safer and easier to take a shower.

15. The size and contents of a laundry basket should not be too heavy. Use a small basket
for comfortable use.

16. For emergency purposes there should be a phone in the bathroom, attic, and
laundry room.

17. For emergency purposes, keep a bag with a 3-day supply of water and food,
contact list, radio, flashlight, first aid, medications, etc. placed near the exit of the
house.

41
 ACTION LOG:
ACTION TAKEN TO PREVENT FALLS AT MY HOME

The I will do: I have done: Resources used/Cost

Problem/Hazard: (mm/dd/yyyy)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

42
 Continued from page 46
ACTION LOG:
ACTION TAKEN TO PREVENT FALLS AT MY HOME

The I will do: I have done: Reduces used/cost

Problem/Hazard: (mm/dd/yyyy)

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

43