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CE 223 - CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Group Members:

Laica Abadesco
Submitted by:
Laika Mae Arches
Christian P. Fedalgo
Gabriel Baarde
BSCE – 2B
Steven Rey Consolacion

Ryan Ramos

ENGR. GILDA D. BORBON

Course Facilitator

March 9, 2023
 HEXACT INTEGRATION BUILDERS
Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines, 5800
Contact No. 09876543210
Email Address: [email protected]

NAME: CHRISTIAN P. FEDALGO BSCE 2-B

TABLE OF
CONTENTS

Laboratory
Exercise Title Date Performed Instructor’s Initial
No.

1. Inspection of Testing Laboratory March 2, 2023

Reducing Field Sample of

2. March 2, 2023
Aggregates

3. Sieve Analysis March 9, 2023

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.
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NAME: CHRISTIAN P. FEDALGO BSCE - 2B

TABLE OF
CONTENTS

Laboratory
Exercise Title Date Performed Instructor’s Initial
No.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.
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Experiment No.1: INSPECTION OF LABORATORY TESTING

Objective:
To let the student become acquainted with material testing laboratory, the
equipment’s available, and course requirement.

Procedure:
1. Under the guidance of an instructor and staff member, visit the laboratory and
notice where the general equipment is located.
2. Ask to be instructed in the operation of the Universal Testing Machine.
3. Make a list of the major types of equipment available. Note the units of calibration
and the dial division.

Report:

NAME OF APPARATUS PICTURES USES

1. Universal Testing Used to assess the strength of
Machine materials.

2. Sieves Used to separate fine flour

particles from the bigger
impurities.
3. Weighing Scale Used by measuring the
(Digital) amount of force exerted on
the load cell.

4. Flexural Mold Used to test concrete

flexural strength.
Flexural strength
measures a paver’s
ability to resist breaking
when pressure is
applied.

5. Cylindrical Mold Used to prepare cylinder

shaped concrete sample
for compression testing.

6. Slump Cone Used to determine the

workability or
consistency of concrete
mix prepared at the
laboratory or the
construction site during
the progress of the
work.

7. Tamping Rod Used in the

consolidation of fresh
concrete specimens in
test applications for the
slump, air content, and
strength.
8. Vicat Apparatus Used determining the
normal consistency,
standard consistency
and time of setting of
cement and lime in
accordance with ASTM
and AASHTO
specifications.
9. Spade Used for digging
straight-edged holes or
trenches, slicing and
lifting sod, and edging
flower beds or lawns.
10. Scoop Used for loading, filling
and handling of any bulk
material, including asphalt,
aggregates and soils.

11. Themostatically Used for sterilizing

Controlled Oven biohazard waste,
media/reagents for aseptic
assays, or dissecting
instruments. Besides, this
is also used for heating,
drying, and testing
environmental stresses,
such as changes in light,
temperature, and humidity.
12. Abrasion Machine Used to measure the
degradation of mineral
aggregate of standard
gradings resulting from a
combination of actions
including abrasion or
attrition, impact and
grinding in a rotating steel
drum containing a
specified number of steel
spheres.
13. Standard Penetration Used to provide
Test (SPT) geotechnical engineering
properties for foundation
design purposes. The test is
carried out within a
borehole. The results can
be used to determine the
relative density, bearing
capacity, and settlement of
granular soil.
14. Spatula Used for lifting, flipping,
or spreading. Spatulas have
a handle that is long
enough to keep the holder's
hand away from what is
being lifted or spread, as
well as away from a hot
surface. The blade of the
spatula is wide and thin.
15. Standard Measure/ Used for measuring
Volume Measure volume or capacity, the
extent of an object or space
in three dimensions.
 16. Graduated Cylinder Used mainly in laboratories
requiring moderately precise
volume measurements. It is
narrow and cylindrical with
markings for volume
measurement. Along with the
volume of liquid, it is also
indirectly used to measure the
mass of a solid.

17. Sample Splitter Used to reduce the size of

samples provided from other
sources (crushed rock, soils,
powders and so on) to a lot
size that is appropriate for the
next stage of analytical sample
preparation.

18. Pans Used for handling,

processing, and storing
samples. They come in a
variety of shapes and are
constructed of stainless steel,
steel, galvanized iron,
aluminum, or glass.

19. Capping Apparatus Used to assure plane end

surfaces perpendicular to the
axis of the cylinder during
the capping.

20. Trowel Used for mixing and

applying cement, mortar and
concrete.

Observation:

As a student of civil engineering, the tools used in materials and testing are
essential in providing accurate and reliable results. The choice of tools depends on the
specific test being performed and the properties being measured.

Conclusion:

As a civil engineering student, you will encounter various materials and testing
methods related to mechanics.In addition to these materials, civil engineering students may
also encounter testing methods related to mechanics such as stress and impact testing,
bending testing, and fracture mechanics. It is important to have a solid understanding of
these concepts and the testing methods used to evaluate them in order to design safe and
efficient structures.

Recommendation:

Materials and testing in mechanics are critical areas in engineering that involve the
study of material behavior under different mechanical forces and the testing of material
properties to ensure their suitability for use in mechanical applications.

HEXACT INTEGRATION BUILDERS

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CE 223 - CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

Laboratory Exercise No. 2

Group Members:

Laica Abadesco
Submitted by:
Laika Mae M. Arches
Christian P. Fedalgo
Gabriel Baarde
BSCE – 2B
Steven Rey Consolacion

Ryan Ramos

ENGR. GILDA D. BORBON

Course Facilitator
 March 9, 2023

HEXACT INTEGRATION BUILDERS

Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines, 5800
Contact No. 09876543210
Email Address: [email protected]

Experiment No.2: REDUCING FIELD SAMPLE OF AGGREGATE

Introduction:
The physical characteristics of field samples of aggregates were determined using
sieve analysis. The method described is a method to segregate the appropriate size of
aggregate characteristics between smaller test samples and the larger field samples.

Discussion:
These methods cover the reduction of field samples to testing size employing
techniques that are intended to minimize variation in measured characteristics between the
test samples selected and the field sample.
Specifications for aggregate require sampling portion of the material for testing.
Other factors being equal, larger samples will tend to be more representative of the total
supply.
These methods provide for reducing the large sample obtained in the field to a
convenient size. This is for the purpose of conducting a number of tests to describe the
material and measure its quality in manner that the smaller portion is most likely to be a
representation of the field sample and thus the total supply. The individual test methods
provide for minimum weights of material to be tested.

Objective
To learn and understand the correct method of obtaining sample aggregate for
mechanical analysis.

Apparatus and Materials:

 1. Representative Sample of Aggregate
2. Spade
3. Container
4. Sample Splitter

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Procedure:

Method A – Mechanical Splitter

1. Check moisture condition of aggregate – If the sample has free moisture on the
particle surface the entire sample must be dried to at least the SSD condition prior
to reduction by splitter.
2. Check sample splitter chute opening. (Their number and width relative to maximum
size of aggregate)
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3. Place the sample in the hopper or pan and uniformly distribute it from edge to edge,
so that when it is introduced into the chutes, approximate and equal amounts will
flow through each chute.

4. The rate of which the sample is introduced shall be of such as allow free flowing
through the chutes into the receptacle below.

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5. Reintroduce the portion of the sample in one of the receptacles as many times as
necessary to reduce to specified size for the intended test.

6. The portion of the material collected in the other

receptacle may be reserved for reduction in size for other test.
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TEST RESULTS:
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Discussion of Results:
Terms of size, about half of the aggregates failed the sample splitter test. The
sample splitter's output was weighed, and only results weighing at least 10 kilograms may
be used. Only smaller aggregates that can fit through the chute aperture are permitted for
usage.

Observation:
During the experiment, we were conducting an experiment involving aggregates,
which are materials such as gravel stone used in construction. It's important to ensure that
the aggregates are dry and clean before testing to obtain accurate results. If the particles are
wet or dirty, they may become heavier and affect the measurements.We collected 10 kg of
test aggregates by sifting and then used mechanical dividers to separate the aggregates into
two containers. They then weighed the test aggregates to ensure that they had the correct
amount. The mechanical splitter was used to produce the exact test quantities by isolating
the flow of aggregates into two containers using chutes and lowering the test evaluate.

Conclusion:
In conclusion after testing the aggregates using sample splitter and pan,to ensure
that the aggregates used for mechanical analysis are of the exact size and shape required
for the specific test being conducted. This typically involves using a sample splitter or
other equipment to divide the larger aggregate source into smaller, more uniform portions
that can be tested.

Recommendation:
It is very important to follow proper guidelines and procedures when conducting
tests on aggregates or any other materials. Failure to do so can result in inaccurate test
findings and potentially lead to the failure of the material in its intended function.

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Appendices:
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 Using sieves to separate the
sample aggregates.

Measure the sample aggregates

by using measuring scale to get
the accurate measurement
calculation.

Put the sample aggregates after the

task in a container to store.

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CE 223 - CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

Laboratory Exercise No. 3

Group Members:

Laica Abadesco
Submitted by:
Laika Mae M. Arches
Christian P. Fedalgo
Gabriel Baarde
BSCE – 2B
Steven Rey Consolacion

Ryan Ramos

ENGR. GILDA D. BORBON

Course Facilitator

March 16, 2023

HEXACT INTEGRATION BUILDERS

Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines, 5800
 Contact No. 09876543210
Email Address: [email protected]

Experiment No.3: SIEVE ANALYSIS

Introduction:
The coarse aggregate was tested according to its reducing sizes. Multiple sieves
were used to determine the sizes of each coarse aggregate and weights are recorded
accordingly.

Discussion:
Sieve analysis is used to determine the particle size distribution or gradation of an
aggregate. A suitable gradation of an aggregate in a concrete mix is desirable in order to
secure workability of the mixture and economy in the use of cement. For asphalt concrete,
suitable gradation only affects the work ability of the mixture and economy in the use of
the other important properties.

Objective
To determine the size of rocks by distributing the aggregate particles in a given
sample.

Essential Equipment & Materials:

1. Sample of aggregates

2. Sample Splitter

3. Set of Sieves

4. Containers
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Testing Procedure:

1. Obtain proper weight of dry aggregate.

a. Coarse aggregate: 10.000 kilograms use method of quartering or sample splitter.

2. Assemble sieves in the following order:

a. for coarse aggregated: 1", 3/4", 1/2", 3/8", # 4, #8, pan

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3. Place the weighted aggregates in the top of the sieve stack and cover with the lid.
Properly secure the sieves in the mechanical shaker and turn on the shaker for five minutes.
In case of the absence of mechanical shaker, shake the stack of sieves with your hands
continuously for the same time.

4. Weigh the materials that are retained on each of the sieves, including the weight retained
on the pan, and record in the data sheet. If the sum of these weights are not within 1
percent of the original sample weight, the procedure should be repeated., Otherwise, use
the sum of the weight retained to calculate the percentage on each sieve.
5. Compute the cumulative percent retained, and the percent passing each sieve.

Sieve No. 1”

Weight Retained (kg): 0.51

Cumulative Weight Retained: 0.51
Cumulative Percent Retained: 5.1%
Passing: 94.9%
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Sieve No. 3/4”

Weight Retained (kg): 3.88

Cumulative Weight Retained: 4.39
Cumulative Percent Retained: 43.9%
Passing: 56.1%

Sieve No. 1/2”

Weight Retained (kg): 3.99

Cumulative Weight Retained: 8.38
Cumulative Percent Retained: 83.8%
Passing: 16.2%
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Sieve No. 3/8”

Weight Retained (kg): 1.37

Cumulative Weight Retained: 9.75
Cumulative Percent Retained: 97.5%
Passing: 2.5%

Sieve No. 4”

Weight Retained (kg): 0.25

Cumulative Weight Retained: 10
Cumulative Percent Retained: 100%
Passing: 0%

Sieve No. 8”

Weight Retained (kg): 0.00

Cumulative Weight Retained: 0
Cumulative Percent Retained: 100%
Passing: 0%
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6. Plot the gradation curves for the coarse and fine aggregates from the experiment on the
graph provided. Plot the specified gradation curves for the coarse and fine aggregates (to
be specified by the laboratory instructor). Plot the combined grading curve using 40%
coarse and 60% fine
aggregate.
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Test Result:

Course Aggregate
Initial Weight: 10kg

SIEVE NO. Weight Retained Cumulative Cumulative Passing

(kg) Weight Retained Percent Retained
1” 0.51 0.51 5.1% 94.9%
3/4” 3.88 4.39 43.9% 56.1%
1/2” 3.99 8.38 83.8% 16.2%
3/8” 1.37 9.75 97.5% 2.5%
4” 0.25 10 100% 0
8” 0.00 10 100% 0
Total = 10

Plot the specified gradation curves for the coarse and fine aggregates:

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
8” 4” 3/8” 1/2” 3/4” 1”
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Discussion of Results:
I have observed a trend in the results of the mechanical analysis of aggregates,
where the percentage of passing decreases as the size of the pan gets smaller. Specifically,
you have noted a significant increase in passing percentage from 8" to 1".It's important to
carefully analyze the results of aggregate testing and consider all relevant factors in order
to make informed decisions about the use of the material. By doing so, we can ensure that
the aggregates will meet the necessary specifications and perform as intended in their
intended applications.

Observation:
I have observed that its possible that the passing percentage of aggregates decreases
as the size of the pan decreases. As the size of the pan decreases, it may become more
difficult to separate the aggregates effectively, leading to a lower passing percentage.

Conclusion:
The particle size distribution test for aggregates, where you are measuring the
percentage of material that passes through different size sieves. I am observing that smaller
aggregates 1" size have a higher passing percentage than larger aggregates 4" and 8" size,
regardless of the initial weight of the sample.

Recommendation:
When conducting a sieve analysis, it is important to use proper technique to ensure
accurate and repeatable results. This includes proper labeling of samples, careful
measurement of sample weight, and appropriate aggregation of the sieves.
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Appendices:

The conductors assemble the

sieves in the following order to
do the given task.

Measure the sample aggregates

using the weighing scale.

Calculate the results of each

sieves according to their sizes.