Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development.

Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines

Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

1. Introduction
The North Pars gas field was discovered in 1963. The field is located in Persian Gulf, 120 km south of
Bushehr, about 10 to 15 km from the coast line of the Persian Gulf at the depth of 4000 m (in water
depths of 2-30 m). According to the latest master development studies for the field, the field area is
approximately 500 km2 and the Gas initially in place (GIIP) is estimated to be about 1614 BCM (109
m) or 57 TCF (1012 ft3):

2. Purpose of this document

Pars Oil and Gas Company (POGC), hereinafter referred to as the ‘Client’, had requested for a
“Corrosion Management Engineering Study as part of the North Pars Gas Field offshore pipeline.”
Elixir Engineers have been asked to provide support to establish a Corrossion Management
Philosophy in relation to the Pipeline. Document NM-NP-0000-ON-ME-000-1201-0001-02 North
Pars Gas Field Development Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipeline should be consulted
as part of this study.

This document includes the proposal for this study.

 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

3. Pipeline design and corrosion study basis

3.1 Raw feed from North Pars gas field, Specifications

A dry reservoir fluid composition as shown on the following table will be utilized for study. The dry
fluid will be saturated with water at the operating temperature.

Components Mole%

Water 0
N2 1.7

CO2 4.96

H 2S 0.66

C1 89.24

C2 2.28

C3 0.51

iC4 0.12

nC4 0.13

iC5 0.06

nC5 0.04

C6 0.06

C7 0.069

C8 0.029

C9 0.013

C10 0.009

C11 0.007

C12 + 0.117

Figure 1: North Pars Reservoir Gas composition – Dry basis

The pseudo component properties are as per table below.

C12+ MW : 228 || C12+ SG: 0.839 kg/m3

 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

3.2 Formation water

The formation water will be highly saline and will contain the following items (table 3):

Component Concentration
(mg/lit)
Sodium & Potassium 95,000 ± 25,000

Calcium 25,000 ± 10,000

Magnesium 1000 - 2500

Iron < 300

Chloride 180,000 ± 30,000

Sulphate < 1000

Bicarbonate < 600

Total 290,000 ± 40,000

Specific Gravity 1.15 ± 0.05

Figure 2: Formation Water analysis

3.3 Hydrate inhibition

The hydrate prevention in will be done by injecting MEG into the pipelines. Since no specific MEG
concentration has been defined, hydrate formation curves for different concentrations of MEG will
be assessed and a suitable concentration will be selected for hydrate prevention during normal
conditions in winter.

3.4 Reservoir conditions

The initial key reservoir conditions are tabulated in the following table.

Parameter Value

Reservoir Pressure [barg] 469

Reservoir Temperature [ ͦC] 96

Figure 3: Initial key reservoir conditions

 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

3.5 OVERALL OFFSHORE LAYOUT

The corrosion study will consist of using flow assurance results based on wet sour gas transfer
pipelines from four unmanned platforms with free water separation and waste water treatment. The
sour gas will be transferred by 32” offshore and onshore pipelines to the existing gas plants in Pars
Site area.

The battery limits of the corrosion model are:

Downstream ESDV at WHP ESDV deck; it corresponds to sealine inlet;

Upstream ESDV pig receiver at onshore arrival deck; it corresponds to sealine outlet.

Hydrate and corrosion inhibition are required for transfer pipeline (i.e. MEG injection in offshore with
MEG regeneration and return from intermediate onshore facilities). Following figure shows a simple
representation of one typical platform and the transfer pipeline.

Figure 4: Typical NP Offshore System layout

3.6 Assumptions

Following are the assumptions:

· Natural reservoir depletion scenarios will be followed per flow assurance study results

· Offshore wellhead platforms (WHP), designed for HP mode only (125 barg) for each phase

3.7 Pipeline Profile

The hydraulic analysis of one of the NP pipelines to shore is performed (NP1) based on the profile presented in
the flow assurance BoD. See below figure for the un-complexified profile.
 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

30

20

10

-10
Elevation (m)

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Thousands
Distance (m)
NP1 NP2 NP3 NP4

Figure 5: NPs’ pipeline profiles to shore - Uncomplexified

The pipeline has been complexified based on an average profile indicator (PI) of 65. The profile
indicator of 65 has been estimated based on previously laid pipeline for South Pars phases. The next
figure shows the complexified and discredited pipeline profile which is used for the hydraulic analysis.
 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

Global profile indicator (-) 67.24343119

40

20

0
Elevation (m)

-20

-40

-60

-80
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Thousands

Distance (m)

Figure 6: NP1 pipeline profiles to shore - Complexified

The results of the flow assurance reports are (will be) based on the complexified profile.
 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

3.8 Liquid hold-up and pressure drop

The following figure shows the liquid hold up and the required pressure for a range of gas flowrates (100 to 1000
MMSCFD) at offshore in winter and summer conditions for an arrival pressure of 81 barg at onshore facilities.

NP # 1 ( 1 x 32in - Multiphase)

Winter Holdup Summer Holdup Winter Pressure Summer Pressure

30 140
Thousands

28 130
26 120
24 110
22

Pressure offshore (barg)

100
Liquid Hold-up (m3)

20
90
18
80
16
70
14
60
12
50
10
8 40

6 30

4 20
2 10
0 0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000

Gas Flowrate (MMSCFD)

Figure 7: Liquid Hold-up and required offshore pressure

As shown on above figure, liquid hold in the pipeline starts increasing drastically for gas production
flowrates below 500 MMSCFD meaning that pipeline will start to enter the unstable zone for
flowrates below 500 MMSCFD. This phenomenon for South Pars pipelines was observed at flowrates
below 200 MMSCFD. The main difference between South Pars and North Pars pipelines is large low
point in the pipeline bathymetry which is prone to collect a lot of liquid at low gas flowrates.

The slug catcher at onshore facilities shall be designed for the largest expected liquid volume during
different operational modes. Most of the time pigging operation results in the largest liquid volume
and is the governing case for slug catcher design. The liquid hold-up in the pipeline is a very good
estimation of the liquid volume that will be generated during pigging. The corresponding hold-up for
500 MMSCFD gas flowrate is roughly 4200 m3. This value would substantially increase (~12500 m 3) if
the pipeline is operated at 300 MMSCFD. Based on the issued production profile at the tail end of
production the gas flowrate will drop to about 300 MMSCFD and hence the slug catcher would need
 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

to accommodate the corresponding pigging liquid volume (liquid hold-up). Designing slug catcher for
such a large volume would require a very large plot space and a big investment.

To avoid having a large slug catcher at onshore, it was recommended to have provisions in place on
each platform to be to comingle the produced gas from different NP platforms in one pipeline to avoid
operating the pipelines below 500 MMSCFD. The recommended provisions are;
 Consider extra riser on two the platforms to bring the riser from other two
 Design necessary subsea tie-piece and topside valves to comingle the production from two
platforms.

For corrosion study and management, following concept will be assumed to avoid significant liquid
hold up, pigging requirements for MOL.

3.9 Design Lifetime

The pipeline design life is 25 years.

3.10 Environmental data

The environmental data presented in this section are used for the study.

3.11 Water levels

The design water depths at the platform locations are given in the table below:

Water depth to chart datum

Platform
[m]
NP1 -12.4
NP2 -21.4
NP3 -15.6
NP4 -6.4

 Maximum water depth along the pipeline route : 68.1 m

 Elevation of offshore platform inlet : 25 m

3.12 SEAWATER, AIR AND SOIL PROPERTIES

The extreme seawater, air and soil temperatures are summarized in the following tables.
 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

Seawater density [kg/m3] 1026

Seawater kinematic viscosity [m2/s] 1.026 x 106

Max seawater temp at surface [°C] +38

Max seawater temp at -60 m [°C] +29

Min seawater temp at surface [°C] +13

Min seawater temp at -60 m [°C] +13

Max air temperature (onshore) [°C] +48

Min air temperature (onshore) [°C] +5

Max air temperature (offshore) [°C] +41

Min air temperature (offshore) [°C] +7

Max Soil temperature at 1 m burial depth [°C] + 30

Min Soil temperature at 1 m burial depth [°C] + 15

4. Scope of Work
The scope of work will initially review the results of Document NM-NP-0000-ON-ME-000-
1201-0001-02 North Pars Gas Field Development Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore
Pipeline. Corrosion study and material selection and corrosion allowance determination will
be performed by Larkton Ltd. Focus of work is on internal corrosion threats

4.1 Outline Method Statement

All viable corrosion threats and mechanisms will be identified and evaluated based on the
provided service data. Assessment will include normal operating conditions as well as
anticipated upset conditions. The internal corrosion rate will be estimated based upon the
operating data provided. Corrosion analysis software will be provided by Larkton - CM.
Larkton are a very experienced and respected integrity Corrosion engineering contractor,
globally renowned and industry leading.

Corrosion mitigation, such as corrosion inhibitor, maintenance pigging will be taken into
account. On the basis of the outcome of the corrosion rate and the design life required the
material selection and corrosion allowance will be determined. The Report will outline the
corrosion management measures that are necessary with the recommended material
 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

selection, and that are realistic for existing facilities, also the recommended corrosion
monitoring regime in line with good practices.

The Report will outline the corrosion management measures that necessary with the
recommended material selection, and that are realistic for existing facilities, also the
recommended corrosion monitoring regime in line with good practices.

4.2 Lessons Learned.

As part of the study methodology the scope shall consider the lessons learned from the South
Pars export pipeline issues recently highlighted. Concerns to the life of the pipeline and
subsequently material selection have arisen due to an increase in the level of inerts now being
produced in the gas stream. These are different from initial well test data results as given in
the BOD.

The scope of work will initially compare the current South Pars Corrosion Management
system and assess its adequacy to protect the pipeline through the life of the field based on
the current changes in the production well composition. It is expected that the higher CO2
and H2S levels advised currently will bring material change to the current pipeline Corrosion
Management system. This potential for change shall be taken in to consideration for the
North Pars project.

A Corrosion Management Philosophy including pigging requirements will be produced to

adequately protect the export pipeline through the life of the field.

4.3 Other Considerations.

The scope of work will initially review the results of Document NM-NP-0000-ON-ME-000-
1201-0001-02 North Pars Gas Field Development Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore
Pipeline. A Corrosion Management Philosophy will be produced to adequately protect the
export pipeline through the life of the field based.

The study should cover as a minimum the following;

· Corrosion study
· Material selection
· Corrosion allowance definition
· Corrosion Inhibitor fluids and philosophy on injection rates.
· Establish pigging philosophy, establish adequacy of CI cover to internal wall of
pipeline.
 Subject: North Pars Gas Field Development. Corrosion Study for Offshore and Onshore Pipelines
Scope of Work.
Memo no: OG220701-NRG-NP-MEMO-011-001
Date: May 16th 2023

· Establish adequacy of current Corrosion Management Philosophy for South

Pars and consider any operational issues and lessons learned/ improvement
for NP.
· Establish well flow rates and temperatures. Model accordingly by end to end
dynamic flow assurance. Ensure liquid hold up due to frequency of pigging
addresses issues around accelerated corrosion as a consequence.

· Review the challenge of SP with regard to performance of the onshore MEG

regeneration package to ensure clean MEG is returned offshore for NP
project.
· Carry out compatibility screening and recommend the optimum CI
requirements.
· Develop scope of Pipeline / pigging and inspection requirements.

The final outcome will be a Corrosion Management Philosophy that can be used to support
the current BOD and operating procedures as necessary.

5. Summary of the deliverables:

The following project management activities include preparation and control of project
schedule, internal and external meeting, progress report, MDR/MDL registration, S-Curve,
and report preparation as well as Decision Log list and scope change management.

Following documents will be delivered:

 Data collection,
 Corrosion Management Philosophy.
 Corrosion Management Philosophy.
 Issue of philosophy documents.