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HW2-ANS-Exp and logMS

This document contains solutions to exercises on exponential functions and logarithms. It includes solving equations involving exponentials and logarithms, calculating interest amounts over time, and finding equivalent exponential and logarithmic expressions.

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nicolee2006
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79 views3 pages

HW2-ANS-Exp and logMS

This document contains solutions to exercises on exponential functions and logarithms. It includes solving equations involving exponentials and logarithms, calculating interest amounts over time, and finding equivalent exponential and logarithmic expressions.

Uploaded by

nicolee2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Edexcel AS Maths Exponentials & logarithms

Section 1: Exponential functions and logarithms


Solutions to Exercise level 2

1. (i) log 12 = log(2 2  3) = log2 2 + log3 = 2 log2 + log3

 16   24 
(ii) log   = log  33  = log2 − log3 = 4log2 − 3log3
4 3

 27   

(iii) log 54 = log ( 2  33 ) 2 = log2 2 + log3 2 = 21 log2 + 23 log3


1 1 3

1
3 32 1
(iv) log = log 4 = log3 2 − log2 4 = 21 log3 − 4log2
16 2

2. (i) 2 x = 18
log2 x = log 18
x log2 = log 18
log 18
x= = 4.17 (3 s.f.)
log2

(ii) 5 x = 100
log 5 x = log 100
x log 5 = log 100
log 100
x= = 2.86 (3 s.f.)
log 5

(iii) 1.5 x = 0.001


log 1.5 x = log0.001
x log 1.5 = log0.001
log0.001
x= = −17.0 (3 s.f.)
log 1.5

(iv) 10 x = 2
log 10 x = log2
x log 10 = log2
log2
x= = 0.301 (3 s.f.)
log 10

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Edexcel AS Maths Exp and logs 1 Exercise solutions

3. (i) log3 x = − 21
− 21 1
x =3 =
3

(ii) 2 log x + log 10 = log 90


 log x 2 + log 10 = log 90
 10 x 2 = 90
 x2 = 9
x =3
(Note that x = -3 does not satisfy the equation, as log (-3) is undefined)

1
(iii) log10   = −3
x
1 −3 1
   = 10 =
x 1000
 x = 1000

(
(iv) log x + log y = 21 log 9 y 2 )
 log( xy ) = log(3 y )
 xy = 3 y
x =3

4. P = 500  1.04t
(i) (a)After 1 month, t = 1
12 .
1
P = 500  1.04 = 501.64
12

Amount after 1 month = £501.64.

(b)After 6 months, t = 0.5


P = 500  1.040.5 = 509.90
Amount after 6 months = £509.90.

(c)After 1 year, t = 1
P = 500  1.041 = 520
Amount after 1 year = £520.00.

(d)After 5 years, t = 5
P = 500  1.045 = 608.33
Amount after 5 years = £608.33.

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Edexcel AS Maths Exp and logs 1 Exercise solutions

(ii) 500  1.04t  800


1.04t  1.6
t log 1.04  log 1.6
t  11.98
11.98 years = 11 years 11.76 months
It will first exceed £800 after 12 years 0 months.

5. (i) 3a = 21
 a log3 = log21
log21
a = = 2.77 (3 s.f.)
log3

(ii) (1.005 )x = 1.1


 x log(1.005 ) = log(1.1)
log(1.1)
x= = 19.1 (3 s.f.)
log(1.005 )

1
(iii) 50 a = 10
1
 log 50 = log 10
a
log 50
a =  1.699 (3 d.p.)
log 10

12
x 
(iv)  1 +  = 1.25
 100 
x 
 12 log  1 +  = log(1.25 )
 100 
x  1
 log  1 + = log(1.25 ) = 0.0080758......
 100  12
x
1+ = 100.0080758 = 1.018769......
100
 x = 1.877 (3 d.p.)

6. The solution in 5(iv) shows that a monthly interest rate of approximately 1.877% is
equivalent to an annual rate of 25% on a debt.

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