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Homework Hydrographs

The document contains 9 questions related to hydrology and hydrograph analysis. Question 1 involves surface flow, subsurface flow, base flow separation, and calculating a direct runoff hydrograph from discharge data. Question 2 involves peak flows, hydrographs, and determining a direct runoff hydrograph from rainfall and flow data. Question 3 involves developing a unit hydrograph from discharge data and using it to plot hydrographs for two rainfall events.

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31 views5 pages

Homework Hydrographs

The document contains 9 questions related to hydrology and hydrograph analysis. Question 1 involves surface flow, subsurface flow, base flow separation, and calculating a direct runoff hydrograph from discharge data. Question 2 involves peak flows, hydrographs, and determining a direct runoff hydrograph from rainfall and flow data. Question 3 involves developing a unit hydrograph from discharge data and using it to plot hydrographs for two rainfall events.

Uploaded by

amanya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

QUESTION ONE
a. Describe the meaning and application of the following:-
i. surface flow,
ii. subsurface flow
iii. base flow separation ,
b. The following are the ordinates of discharge hydrograph measured on a 1-hour interval at a
Bridge. Using the constant discharge method, determine
i. The direct runoff hydrograph
ii. The equivalent runoff depth
Ordinate Number Accumulated Time Discharge (m3/s)
1 9 pm 16.15
2 10 pm 13.22
3 11 pm 19.34
4 12 pm 28.00
5 1 am 16.55
6 2 am 15.11
7 3 am 14.05
8 4 am 13.00
9 5 am 11.00
10 6 am 11.59

2. QUESTION TWO
a. Write at length on each of the following:
i. peak flows,
ii. hydrographs
b. Using the 1-hr hydrograph given below, determine the direct runoff hydrograph from the
catchment using the following rainfall excess pattern.
Time (hr) Q (M3/s)
1 0
2 6.67
3 13.33 Time (hr) Rainfall Excess (cm)
4 18.89 1.0 2.0
5 26.67 2.0 3.0
6 34.07 3.0 0.0
7 30.74 4.0 1.5
8 19.14
9 11.23
10 0
11 0

3. QUESTION THREE
A rain of 35mm fell on a catchment during a one-hour period beginning 01: 00 hr. The
catchment area is 78.2 km2. The Following table lists the measured discharge from the area
with respect to time

Hour Discharge (m3/s)


0 0
1 1
2 1.2
3 2.97
4 24.1
5 51.5
6 32.3
7 11.2
8 5.95
9 3.77
10 2.83
11 2.38
12 2.02
13 1.76
14 1.64
15 1.47
16 1.39
17 1.27
18 0
a. Develop a one hour unit hydrograph.
b. Compute and plot the hydrograph of surface runoff for two periods of heavy rain occurring:
i. First storm: of 100mm rain between midnight and 02:00 hr; and 40mm rain between
02:00 and 03:00 hr.
ii. Second storm: of 89mm rain between 04:00 and 05:00 hr. Assume a constant loss rate of
18mm and a constant base flow of 8m3/s
iii. Comment on your graph.

4. QUESTION THREE
a. What is meant by “Unit Hydrograph”? Indicate assumptions involved in the hydrograph theory.
b. Draw the Unit Hydrograph for a river which flows in a midsize catchment of 120 km2. After a 3-
hour storm, the following flow hydrograph was recorded at the catchment outlet flow station.
Assume a constant base flow of 10 m3/s

Time (hr) Flow Hydrograph (Q) (m3/s)


0 0
3 3
6 6
9 9
12 12
15 15
18 18
21 21

5. QUESTION FIVE
The land use and soil characteristics of a 5000 ha catchment are as
follows:
 Soil: Not a black soil.
 Hydrologic soil classification: 60% is Group B and 40% is Group C
 Land Use:
o Hard surface areas = 10%
o Waste Land = 5%
o Orchard (without understory cover) = 30%
o Cultivated (Terraced), poor condition = 55%
 Antecedent rain: The total rainfall in past five days was 30 mm. It is a dormant season
a. Compute the runoff volume from a 125 mm rainfall in a day on the catchment
b. What would have been the runoff if the rainfall in the previous 5 days was 10 mm?
c. If the entire area is urbanized with 60% residential area (65% average impervious area), 10% of
paved streets and 30% commercial and business area (85% impervious), estimate the runoff
volume under AMC-II condition for one day rainfall of 125 mm.
6. QUESTION SIX
In a 350 ha catchment the CN value was assessed as 70 for AMC-III.
a. Estimate the value o f direct runoff volume for the following 4 days of rainfall. The AMC on July
1st was of category III. Use standard SCS-CN equations.

b. What would be the runoff volume if the CNIII value were 80?
D:SNYDER SYNTHETIC UNIT HYDROGRAPH METHOD
7. QUESTION SEVEN
The following are the ordinates of the 9-hour unit hydrograph for the entire catchment of the river
Damodar up to Tenughat dam site: and the catchment characteristics are , A = 4480 km2, L = 318 km,
Lca = 198 km. Derive a 3-hour unit hydrograph for the catchment area of river Damodar up to the head of
Tenughat reservoir, given the catchment characteristics as, A = 3780km2, L = 284 km, Lca = 184km. Use
Snyder’s approach with necessary modifications for the shape of the hydrograph.
Time (hr) 0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
Flow 0 69 100 210 118 74 46 26 13 4 0
(cumecs) 0

8. QUESTION EIGHT
Use Snyder’s method to develop a UH for the area of 260km 2 described below. Sketch the appropriate
shape. What duration rainfall does this correspond to?
Ct = 1.8, L= 29km, Cp = 0.6, Lc= 16km
9. QUESTION NINE
a. Use the Muskingum method to route the hydrograph given below through the reservoir whose
inflow-outflow characteristics are given in Prob. 8.2.1. Taking K=0.25 and x=0.24, what is the
maximum reservoir discharge and storage?

Duration
(hrs) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Inflow (m3/s) 60 100 232 300 520 1310 1930 1460 930 650

b. Following the results above, determine the maximum reservoir discharge and storage using level
pool routing.
c. Compare and contrast the results

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