Important questions for Class 8
Maths
Chapter 14 – Factorisation
Very Short Answer Questions 1 Mark
1. Factorise 12a2b+15ab2
(a) 3ab(4a+5b)
(b) 3ab
(c) 4a+5b
(d) 3ab(5a+4b)
Ans: 12a 2b = 2 2 3 a a b
15ab2 = 3 5 a b b
Taking common factor from each term,
12a 2 b + 15ab 2 = 3ab(4a + 5b)
Hence the correct option is (a).
2. When we factorise an expression, we write it as a ______ of factors.
Ans: When we factorise an algebraic expression, we write it as a product of factors.
These factors may be numbers, algebraic variables or algebraic expressions.
3. Factorise 6xy – 4y + 6 – 9x
(a) (3x – 2)
(b) (3x – 2)(2y – 3)
(c) (2y – 3)
(d) (2x – 3)(3y – 2)
Ans: 6xy − 4y + 6 − 9x = 2 3 x y − 2 2 y + 2 3 − 3 3 x
= 2y(3x − 2) − 3(3x − 2)
= (3x − 2)(2y − 3)
Hence the correct option is (b).
4. Find the common factors of 12x, 36
(a) 12
(b) 36
(c) x
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(d) 12x
Ans: Here, 12x = 2 2 3 x
36 = 2 2 3 3
So, common factor = 2 2 3
4 3 = 12
Hence the correct option is (a).
5. Solve 7x 2 y 2 z 2 ÷14xyz
(a) 2
(b) 4x
(c) 3y
xyz
(d)
2
Ans: 7x 2 y 2 z 2 ÷14xyz = 7 x x y y z z 2 7 x y z
= x yz 2
xyz
=
2
Hence the correct option is (d).
6. Factorise 49p 2 -36
(a) (7p+6)(7p+6)
(b) (7p-6)(7p-6)
(c) (7p-6)(7p+6)
(d) (6p-7)(7p-6)
Ans: Using the identity, x 2 − y 2 = (x + y)(x − y)
49p 2 -36 = (7p)2 - 62
= (7p+6)(7p-6)
Hence the correct option is (c).
Short Answer Questions 2 Marks
7. Factorise ax 2 +by 2 +bx 2 +ay 2
Ans: ax 2 +by 2 +bx 2 +ay 2 = ax 2 +bx 2 +ay 2 +by 2
= a x x+b x x+a y y+b y y
= x 2 (a + b) + y 2 (a + b)
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= (a + b)(x 2 + y 2 )
8. Factorise using identity x2 +10x+25
Ans: x 2 +10x+25 = x 2 +2 5 x+52
Using the identity, (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
= x 2 +2 5 x+52
= (x+5) 2
= (x+5)(x+5)
9. Factorise (a+b)2 - (a-b)2
Ans: (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a − b) 2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
(a+b) 2 - (a-b) 2 = (a 2 +2ab+b 2 ) - (a 2 -2ab+b 2 )
= a 2 +2ab+b2 - a 2 +2ab-b2
= 4ab
10. Simplify 102 -18×10+81
Ans: 102 -18×10+81 = 102 − 2 9 10 + 92
Using the identity, (a − b) 2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
= 102 − 2 9 10 + 92
= 10 − 9
2
= 1
2
=1
25
11. Factorise 16a 2 -
4a 2
2
25 5
Ans:16a − 2 = (4a) 2 −
2
4a 2a
Using the identity, x − y = (x + y)(x − y)
2 2
2
5
= (4a) −
2
2a
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5 5
= 4a + 4a −
2a 2a
4m 2 -169n 2
12. Simplify
2m+13n
4m -169n 2 (2m) 2 -(13n) 2
2
Ans: =
2m+13n (2m+13n)
Using the identity, x 2 − y 2 = (x + y)(x − y)
(2m)2 - (13n)2
=
(2m+13n)
(2m-13n) - (2m+13n)
=
(2m+13n)
=(2m-13n)
Long Answer Questions 3 Marks
13. Simplify
(
p 2 +11p+28 )
( p+4 )
Ans: Here, the numerator can be further factorised as follow
(p 2 +11p+28) = (p2 +7p+4p+28)
= p(p + 7) + 4(p + 7)
= (p + 7)(p + 4)
Now,
( p +11p+28) = (p + 7)(p + 4)
2
( p+4 ) (p + 4)
= (p + 7)
(4y 2 -4z 2 )
14. Find x if x(y-z)=
(y+z)
Ans: Taking 4 common from the numerator we get
4(y 2 - z 2 )
x(y-z)=
(y+z)
Using the identity, x 2 − y 2 = (x + y)(x − y) in the numerator
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4(y-z)(y+z)
x(y-z)=
(y+z)
x(y-z) = 4(y-z)
On comparing both sides we can see that x=4.
15. Find x and y that xy = 72, x + y = 17.
Ans: Here we have been given xy and x + y
To find out the value of x and y we can the identity (x + y) 2 = x 2 + 2xy + y 2
(x + y) 2 = x 2 + 2xy + y 2
(17) 2 = x 2 + 2(72) + y 2
(17) 2 − 144 = x 2 + y 2
x 2 + y 2 = 289 − 144
x 2 + y 2 = 145
Now, putting the values in identity (x − y) 2 = x 2 − 2xy + y 2
(x − y) 2 = x 2 − 2xy + y 2
(x − y) 2 = 145 − 2(72)
(x − y) 2 = 145 − 144
x − y =1
Adding both the equations i.e., x + y = 17 and x – y = 1
(x + y)+(x - y) = 17+1
x + y + x – y = 18
2x = 18
x=9
Putting the value of x in equation x + y = 17
x + y = 17
9 + y = 17
y = 17 – 9
y=8
Hence the value of x is 9 and y is 8.
16. Find the remainder in the following (x4 -a4 )÷(x 2 +a 2 ) .
Ans: For dividing both the equation first we have to simplify it.
So, (x 4 − a 4 ) can be written as (x 2 ) 2 − (a 2 ) 2
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Now by applying the identity a 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b)
(x 2 ) 2 − (a 2 ) 2 = (x 2 + a 2 )(x 2 − a 2 )
Now,
( x -a ) = (x +a )(x -a )
4 4 2 2 2 2
(x 2 +a 2 ) (x 2 +a 2 )
( x -a ) =(x -a )
4 4
2 2
2 2
(x +a )
Hence the remainder is (x 2 -a 2 ) .
(0.87)2 -(0.13)2
17. Simplify
(0.87-0.13)
Ans: By applying the identity a 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b) in the numerator.
(0.87)2 -(0.13)2 (0.87+0.13)-(0.87-0.13)2
=
(0.87-0.13) (0.87-0.13)
(0.87)2 -(0.13)2
= (0.87+0.13)
(0.87-0.13)
(0.87)2 -(0.13)2
=1
(0.87-0.13)
18. Using identity (a-b)2 =a 2 -2ab+b 2 find the value of (98)2 .
Ans: (98) 2 can be further written as (100 - 2) 2
By comparing the above equation with the identity, we get
a = 100 and b = 2
(98)2 = (100)2 − 2(100)(2) + (2)2
= 10000 − 400 + 4
= 9604
19. Using identity a 2 -b 2 =(a+b)(a-b) . Find (1.02)2 − (0.98)2 .
Ans: Using identity a 2 -b 2 =(a+b)(a-b)
(1.02) 2 -(0.98)2 = (1.02 + 0.98)(1.02 − 0.98)
= (2)(0.04)
= (0.08)
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(a 2 -16) (a 2 -2a-8)
20. Simplify 2 ÷
(a -25) (a 2 +10a+25)
Ans: Identities to be used in the question are;
a 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b)
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a 2 -16) (a 2 -2a-8) (a 2 -42 ) (a 2 -2a-8)
÷ = ÷
(a 2 -25) (a 2 +10a+25) (a 2 -52 ) (a 2 +2 5 a+52 )
(a+4)(a-4) (a 2 -4a+2a-8)
= ÷
(a+5)(a-5) (a 2 +2 5 a+52 )
(a+4)(a-4) a(a-4)+2(a-4)
= ÷
(a+5)(a-5) (a+5) 2
(a+4)(a-4) (a+5)(a+5)
=
(a+5)(a-5) (a+2)(a-4)
(a+5)(a+4)
=
(a-5)(a+2)
Long Answer Questions 5 Marks
2 2
1. Simplify (xy+yz) -(xy-yz)
Ans: Using the identities (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 and (a − b) 2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
=(xy) 2 +(yz) 2 +2(xy)(yz) - (xy) 2 + (yz) 2 − 2(xy)(yz)
=(xy) 2 +(yz) 2 +2(xy)(yz) - (xy) 2 − (yz) 2 + 2(xy)(yz)
=2(xy 2 z)+2(xy 2 z)
=4xy 2 z
2. The area of a rectangle is 6a2 + 36a and its width is 36a. Find its length.
Ans: Let the length of the rectangle is x
Breath = 36a
Area of rectangle = Length ×Breath
6a 2 +36a = x 36a
6a 2 +36a
=x
36a
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6a(a+6)
x=
36a
(a+6)
x=
6
(a+6)
Hence the length of rectangle is
6
3. Match the following:
a) 25p 2 -q 2 1) x 2 -2x-35
b) ( x-1) -36 ( 5p-q )( 5p+q )
2
2)
e5 1 e4
c) dj+hj+dq+hq 3) +
m 2r 5 m 2 r 4
e5 e9
d) 4 5 + 2 9 4) ( d+h )( q+j)
mr mr
12p 2 +132p
e) 5) ( p+11 )
12p
Ans:
a) Using the identity: a 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b)
25p 2 -q 2 = ( 5p ) -q 2
2
= ( 5p-q )( 5p+q ) ⇒ Option (2).
b) ( x-1) -36 = ( x 2 − 2x + 1) − 36
2
= x 2 - 2x - 35 ⇒ Option (1).
c) dj+hj+dq+hq = d ( j + q ) + h( j + q)
= ( d+h )( q+j) ⇒ Option (4).
e5 e9 e5 1 e 4
d) 4 5 + 2 9 = 2 5 2 + 4 ⇒ Option (3).
mr mr m r m r
12p2 +132p 12p ( p + 11)
e) = ⇒ Option (5).
12p 12p
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4. The combined area of two squares is 20cm2 . Each side of one square is twice
as long as a
side of the other square. Find the length of the sides of each square.
Ans:Let the side of the smaller square be S and that of the bigger square be 2S.
Combined area of the two squares = 20cm2
S2 + (2S) 2 = 20
S2 + 4S2 = 20
5S2 = 20
S2 = 4
S = 2cm
Hence the side of the smaller square is 2cm and that of the bigger square is 4cm.
5. Find the factors of 25x 2 -4y 2 +28yz-49z 2 .
Ans: 25x 2 -4y 2 +28yz-49z 2 = 25x 2 -(4y 2 -28yz+49z 2 )
= 25x 2 -[(2y) 2 -2 2y 7z+(7z) 2 ]
Using the identity (a − b) 2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
(5x) 2 − (2y − 7z) 2
Now using the identity a 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b)
(5x + 2y − 7z)(5x − 2y + 7y)
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