Scribd
Upload
18 views

Intro To Microprocessor

The document provides an introduction to microprocessors including their basic components, evolution of data sizes, fetching and execution cycles, internal structure, bus systems, and examples of microprocessors like 8085 and 8086. It discusses the CPU, memory, I/O units, evolution from 4 to 64 bytes, nibbles, bytes, words and longwords, and features of the 8085 microprocessor architecture.

Uploaded by

Harsh Jha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

Intro To Microprocessor

The document provides an introduction to microprocessors including their basic components, evolution of data sizes, fetching and execution cycles, internal structure, bus systems, and examples of microprocessors like 8085 and 8086. It discusses the CPU, memory, I/O units, evolution from 4 to 64 bytes, nibbles, bytes, words and longwords, and features of the 8085 microprocessor architecture.

Uploaded by

Harsh Jha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Introduction to Microprocessor

Block diagram of a computer system


Basic components of a computer system using block diagrams:
Cpu
Memory
Input and output unit
Evolution of microprocessor : 4,8,16,32 dan 64 byte
Nibble, byte, word dan longword
Fecthing and execution cycles.
Internal structure and basic operation of a microprocessor
(arithmetic and logic unit, control unit, register sets,
accumulator, condition code register, program counter, stack
pointer)
Bus system: data bus, address bus and control bus.
Microprocessor clock system
Examples of microprocessor: 8085, 8086.

1
Introduction
A computer is a programmable machine that
receives input, stores and manipulates
data//information, and provides output in a
useful format.
DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates
data//information, and provides output in a useful format.

Diagram Of a Computer
3 System
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A BASIC
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Basic computer system consist of a Central
processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM and ROM),
input/output (I/O) unit.
Address
bus
ROM RAM I/O I/O
CPU interface devices

Data bus Control


bus

Block diagram of a basic computer system


4
Basic component of microcomputer
1.CPU - Central Processing Unit
the portion of a computer system that carries out
the instructions of a computer program
the primary element carrying out the computer's
functions. It is the unit that reads and executes
program instructions.
The data in the instruction tells the processor what
to do.
Pentium D dual core processors

5
2. Memory
Physical devices used to store data or programs (sequences of
instructions) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in an
electronic digital computer.
Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: random-
access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).
RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but
ROM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the
CPU can only read from it.
ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up
instructions.
In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the
computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely.
In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that
orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard
disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset.

6
3. I/O Unit

Input/output (I/O), refers to the communication between an


information processing system (such as a computer), and the outside
world possibly a human, or another information processing system.
Inputs are the signals or data received by the system, and outputs are
the signals or data sent from it
Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called
peripherals
On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like
the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and
printer. Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disc drives serve
as both input and output devices. Computer networking is another
form of I/O.

7
Evolution of Microprocessor

8
DATA SIZE
Nibble 4 bit

Byte 8 bit

Word 16 bit

Long word 32 bit

9
Microprocessor 8085 Architecture

You might also like