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The document discusses instruction set architecture and instruction formats for accumulator, stack, memory-register, and load architectures. It provides descriptions of each architecture and examples of how they would perform the operation C = A + B.

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Darryl Taps
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9 views2 pages

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The document discusses instruction set architecture and instruction formats for accumulator, stack, memory-register, and load architectures. It provides descriptions of each architecture and examples of how they would perform the operation C = A + B.

Uploaded by

Darryl Taps
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Absolutely, let's explore instruction set architecture and instruction formats for the various

architectures you've mentioned in the context of performing the operation C = A + B.

### Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

Instruction Set Architecture denotes the interface between hardware and low-level software. It
encompasses the instruction set, addressing modes, and data types supported by a computer's
hardware. This determines the machine language for programming a computer.

### Instruction Formats

Instruction formats define the structure and layout of a CPU's machine language instructions,
including opcode fields, operand fields, addressing mode fields, etc.

### Acculumator Architecture

- Description: In accumulator architecture, one of the operands is implicitly stored in the


accumulator, the result also goes to the accumulator.

- Instruction Format: An example instruction format could be "ADD A, B", where A is the implicit
value in the accumulator and B is an explicit operand.

- To Perform C = A + B: A typical instruction would add the value of B to the contents of the
accumulator, and the result is then stored back in the accumulator. For example, "ADD B".

### Stack Architecture

- Description: A stack-based architecture uses a stack to store operands and results, and instructions
operate on the top elements of the stack.

- Instruction Format: For stack-based architectures, an instruction might be "ADD", and the stack
would contain the values of A and B.

- To Perform C = A + B: To perform the addition, the CPU pops the operands A and B from the stack,
adds them, and pushes the result C back onto the stack.

### Memory-Register Architecture

- Description: Memory-register architectures have separate instruction formats for load and store
operations.

- Load Instruction Format: An example load instruction format could be "LOAD R, MemAddr", where
R is the register where the data is to be loaded and MemAddr is the memory address.

- To Perform C = A + B: Operations like "LOAD A, MemAddr" and "LOAD B, MemAddr2" load the
operands from memory to registers, and then "ADD C, A, B" adds the contents of A and B and stores
the result in C.
### Load Architecture

- Description: In load-store architectures, operands must first be loaded into registers before being
operated upon.

- Instruction Format: For load-store architectures, the format might include separate load and store
instructions.

- To Perform C = A + B: Instructions like "LOAD R1, addrA" and "LOAD R2, addrB" load A and B from
memory into registers R1 and R2, and then "ADD R3, R1, R2" adds the values in R1 and R2 and the
result is stored in R3.

I hope this provides a clear overview of Instruction Set Architecture and the different instruction
formats based on different architectural styles when performing the operation C = A + B. If you have
further questions or need more details, feel free to ask!

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