PATTERNS OF WRITTEN TEXTS

in its basest definition, is storytelling. It is a sequence of events,

1. NARRATION not necessarily arranged in chronological order, told by a narrator,
happening in a particular place at a particular time.
a focused and detail-rich account of a specific topic. Adjectives are
useful for giving description of something or somebody. Using
2. DESCRIPTION
adjectives means that we can express the quality of any person or
object.
the act of defining, or of making something definite, distinct, or
3. DEFINITION clear; the formal statement of the meaning or significance of a
word, phrase, idiom, etc., as found in dictionaries.
4. EXEMPLIFICATION means to provide examples about something.
- Comparison entails, dealing with similarities or likeness of at least
5. COMPARISON
two subjects.
&
- Contrast on the other hand, is talking the differences between or
CONTRAST
among topics.
- A cause refers to the event, action, or condition that directly
results in another event or action, known as the effect. A cause
can be a single action or a series of events that lead to a particular
outcome. It is the reason behind the effect, and without it, the
6. CAUSE & EFFECT effect would not occur.
- The effect refers to the event, action, or condition that is directly
or indirectly caused by another event or action, known as the
cause. It is the outcome or result of the cause, and it would not
occur without the cause.
It attempts to get readers to accept a point of view or the writer's
position on a topic. It uses logic and reason to show that one idea
7. PERSUASION
is more legitimate than another. It attempts to persuade a reader to
adopt a certain point of view or to take a particular action.
PROPERTIES OF WELL-WRITTEN TEXT
It is also known as arrangement or pattern of development, which
is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged with
1. ORGANIZATION
focus on the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or
details in a definite order in a paragraph, essay, or speech.
It refers to the overall sense of unity in a passage, including both
2. COHERENCE
the main point of sentences and the main point of each paragraph.
It refers to the connection of your ideas both
3. COHESION
at the sentence level and at the paragraph level.
4. LANGUAGE USE -It enables writers to effectively communicate ideas without
confusing the reader.

-An effective language is: Specific, Concise, Familiar, Correct, and

Appropriate

LEVELS OF LANGUAGE USE

1. Informal/Personal- slang, local expressions, text messaging.

2. Standard/Academic- widely accepted words and phrases found
in books, magazines, and newspapers.

3. Business/Technical- Scientific terms, jargons, and special

expressions.
 PRINCIPLES IN LANGUAGE USE

1. Use clear and concise sentences, usually of 18 words long.

2. Avoid redundancies, clichés wordiness, and highfalutin words.
3. Avoid excessive use of “there” and “it”.
4. Use precise vocabulary. Be accurate.
5. Be consistent on pronoun POV.
6. Avoid sexist language.
7. Observe appropriate level of formality.

EXPLICIT & IMPLICIT INFORMATION

- The information that is stated in the text.
EXPLICIT INFORMATION - Are pieces of information stated in the given passage.
- There is no need for clues because the information is written.
- The information that is not directly presented in the text.
IMPLICIT INFORMATION - Are details that need to be read in between the lines for the
writer’s idea to be understood.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
- A claim is a statement that a writer explores, explains, or proves
in an argument. A claim should place an argument in the context of
a larger debate that probably involves addressing potential
objections or counterarguments.
• Stance regarding a topic.
• Central argument or thesis statement.
CLAIM • Most important part of the text.
• The point we are proving.
• USUALLY found in the introduction or in the first few
paragraphs of the text.

-Example: The tawa-tawa plant can be used to cure cancer.

- It asserts that a condition has existed, exists, or will exist and is

based on facts or data.
- Factual claims could be founded in historical facts, in
relational-causal events/concepts, and prediction based on
plausible evidence.

NOTE: Facts that are universally accepted are NOT considered as

CLAIM OF FACT claim of fact but instead statements of fact.

Example:
• Studying for a test is one of the ways to get a good
score.
• Reading newspapers gives a debater an advantage
in supporting a claim on current events.

- Involves judgments and evaluations.

- It judges whether something good/bad, right/wrong, just/unjust,
ethical/non-ethical, etc.
- Attempts to prove that things are more or less desirable than
others.
CLAIM OF VALUE
Example:
• Studying abroad is better than studying at a local
university.
• That debater is by far the best speaker in the
competition.

CLAIM OF POLICY - A claim that suggests a course of action that ought to be

followed in order to address a specific issue. It suggests a precise
course of action that should be taken.
- It asserts that specific policies should be instituted as
solutions to problems.
- Almost always “should” or “ought to” or “must” are included
in this claim.

Example:
• The government should create an effective plan to
address the traffic.
• To address the problem in the country, the
government should support education further.