Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding of: Southeast Asian literature as

mirror to a shared heritage ; coping strategies in processing textual

information; strategies in examining features of a listening and viewing
material; structural analysis of words and propaganda techniques; and
grammatical signals for opinion- making, persuasion, and emphasis.
Performance Standards The learner transfers learning by composing and delivering a persuasive
speech based on an informative essay featuring use of properly
acknowledged information sources, grammatical signals for opinion-making,
persuasion, and emphasis, and appropriate prosodic features, stance, and
behavior.

Learning Competencies Use parallel structures EN8G-Ia-7

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. define the concept of parallel structures and their role in sentence
construction;
B. construct a sentence demonstrating the use of parallel structures; and
C. discuss the significance of achieving balance in various aspects of life.
II. Subject Matter: Using Parallel Structures
Reference/s:
Materials: Slide Deck, printed materials
III. Procedures: 4As Method

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

Preliminary Activities

Good Morning, class!

Kindly all stand for the prayer. Let us all remember… Amen.

Before you take your seat, kindly align your

chairs properly and pick up some pieces of (Students do as told)
papers on the floor.

Since I already introduce myself to you last

meeting, allow me to introduce myself. I am Ms.
Grace Marie Diez Lagat, and you can call me
Ms. Marie.

How are you going to call me again, class? Ms. Marie

Alright!

How are you this morning?

Do the finger hearts, if you feel good, and if you (Students do as told)
do not feel good, you hug yourselves.

Are there any absentees? None miss.

Are there any assignments that need to be None miss.

passed?

Just like your any other teachers, I also have my

set of classroom rules, and it has an acronym of
LRBB.

L- Listen
R- Respect
B- Be quiet and stay focus on the lesson
B- Be attentive and participate in our discussion.

What is the acronym of our classroom rules? LRBB

I want you to observe these classroom rules

throughout the class.

Am I clear? Yes miss.

1. Review
Before we delve into our new topic this morning,
let us have a short review through an activity.

Instructions:
1. Read and analyze each statement carefully.
2. Pass the box to the person next to you.
3. Pull a piece of paper inside the box when
the music stops in your hand.
4. Continue passing the box until all the papers
are pulled out

1. It means sticking together and refers to

elements of writing that cause words, phrases,
and sentences to come together and present a
clear, unified text. Cohesion
2. What are the three types of cohesive
devices? Coordinating Conjunctions, Subordinating, Adverbial

3. It is a word that connects two or more Coordinating conjunctions

elements of the same grammatical type.
4. It is a word that links a subordinate clause Subordinating conjunctions
to the main clause.
5. It joins two independent clause, or
sentences, and provides additional information
and elaborate ideas about the action described Adverbial conjunctions
in a sentence.

Wow! You got 5/5 score and excellent for that!

It means that you really understood our topic last
meeting and now ready for a new topic this
morning.

Give yourselves a round of applause.

(Students do as told)
2. Motivation

Before we delve into our new topic, I have here a

slogan on the screen and I want you to analyze it
very carefully because later on I will be asking
some questions to random students.
Are you familiar with these terms? Those are the terms that are being used during
pandemic – COVID-19.

Yes! This is related to COVID-19.

What can you say about the words in the picture? The words are in -ing form.

Correct! Can you explain why these words are in

the -ing form? They are in the -ing form because they are acting as
verbs, but they are used as nouns in this context.
That's right! And why do you think these -ing
verbs are used as nouns in this slogan? I think they're used as nouns to emphasize the actions
Exactly! These gerunds highlight the importance as important concepts or ideas.
of staying at home, staying alert, and becoming a
hero as essential actions during the pandemic.

Today, we'll delve deeper into understanding

parallel structures and how they enhance the
effectiveness of our language.

3. Statement of the Subject Matter and

Objectives

So this morning, we will get to know more about

this as we discuss how to “Use Parallel
Structures.” Using Parallel Structures

Kindly read our topic again Begin!

Everyone must listen attentively because at the

end of the lesson you are all expected to attain
the following objectives.

First objectives, all girls.

a. Define the concept of parallel structures and their
Second objectives all boys. role in sentence construction.
b. Construct a sentence demonstrating the use of
Third objectives, altogether. Begin! parallel structures.
c. Discuss the importance of achieving balance in
various aspects of life.
Are the objectives clear to you, class?
Yes miss.
A. Activity

Before we start our activity, let us first define

what Parallel Structure is.

Kindly read begin!

 Parallel - is an adjective that refers to the
quality of something being placed side by side

Parallelism - refers to the state of something

being parallel or in relation to another entity

In grammar…
- it refers to the use of words, phrases, clauses
and other grammatical components to indicate
similar ideas in a particular sentence. It makes
the sentence clear, balanced and meaningful.

Activity 1: “Go Straight!”

Directions: Each group will be given a sentence.
Identify which part of the sentence is different
and change it to make the sentence parallel.

1. We all need good nutrition and to exercise (Expected answers)

on a regular basis. 1. to read
2. Politicians are good in motivating, - She likes to read books and to watch movies.
captivating, and being convincing to people. - She likes reading books and watching movies.
3. I like swimming better than to walk. 2. to swim
4. To love is sacrificing our own happiness. - My brother loves to swim, to hike and to run.
5. Sam wants both a satisfying job and that - My brother loves swimming, hiking and running.
pays well. 3. to cook
1. She likes to read books and watching movies. - I love cooking better eating.
- I love to eat than to cook.
4. sacrificing
2. My brother loves to swim, hiking, and - To love is to sacrifice our own happiness.
running. 5. Jade wants both satisfying job and a well-paying
job.
3. I love cooking better than to eat.

4. To love is to sacrificing our own happiness.

5. Jade wants both satisfying job and that pays

well.
The phrase “to read” is different.
B. Analysis
Now based on the activity that you did earlier, let
us check all of your answers. She likes reading books and watching movies.

She likes to read books and watching movies.

What word in the sentence is different?

The conjunction “and” connects the two phrases.
Exactly! How would you correct it to make it
similar or parallel?
She likes reading books and watching movies.
Reading books and watching movies.
Very good! What word in the sentence that
connects the two phrases?

Perfect! So, the conjunction “and” connects the

two phrases.

What are these two phrases connected by a

conjunction?

Correct!

Now class, the first rule of parallelism is…

Rule 1
Use parallel structure with element joined by
coordinating conjunction.

Here are another example:

1. Non-parallel: What you say and what are you

doing are two different things.
Parallel: What you say and what you do are two
different things.
2. Non-parallel: Should I study or to sleep? None miss.
Parallel: Should I study or sleep?
3. Non-parallel: He enjoys playing basketball,
but he dislikes to run. I love reading books and writing poems.
Parallel: He enjoys playing basketball, but he
dislikes running.

Questions about the first rule?

Good! So, can you give an example of a parallel

sentence that uses this rule?
Yes, miss. The phrase “to swim”, “hiking”, and
Very good! Now, let us proceed to the second “running”.
rule of parallelism.
The word or phrase in the sentence that is different is
My brother loves to swim, hiking, and running. “to swim.”

Did you see a series of words or phrases in the

sentence? My brother loves swimming, hiking, and running.

Among these phrases or words, which one is

different?

That is right! Now, how will you change this

phrase to make the sentence parallel?

Yes! In the parallel structure, all three elements

are in the same form, which we call gerund or
the use of –ing.

Very good! For the second rule…

Rule 2
Use parallel structure with elements in lists or
in a series.

Another examples:
1. Non-Parallel: He is smart, honest and being
responsible.
Parallel: He is smart, honest and responsible.
2. Non-parallel: To love, to care and dying for
our country is nationalism.
Parallel: To love, to care, and to die for our
country is nationalism. I love eating, dancing, and singing.
3. Non-parallel: He likes to play basketball,
jogging, and reading.
Parallel: He likes playing basketball, jogging,
and reading.
He likes to play basketball, jog, and read.

Can you give an example sentence using this

rule?
The two things that are being compared in the
Very well! sentence are “cooking” and “to eat.”

Let us proceed to the next rule. I think it’s the phrase “to eat,” miss.

I love cooking better than to eat.

I love cooking better than eating.
What are the two things in the sentence being
compared?

Correct! And between the two things being

compared, what word seems different?

Exactly! How will you correct it to make the

sentence parallel?

Perfect! So, the rule for this is…

 Rule 3
Use parallel structure with elements being
compared. (X is more than/ better than Y)

Examples:
1. Non-parallel: Eating fruits is healthier than
candies and drinking soda. None miss.
Parallel: Eating fruits is healthier than eating
candies and drinking soda. I love peaches better than mango.
2. Non-parallel: I enjoy going out to a movie as
much as I enjoy to stay at home to watch it.
Parallel: I enjoy going out to a movie as much
as I enjoy staying at home to watch it.

Questions about this rule?

Now, can you give an example using this rule?

The linking verb in the sentence is “is”.
Very good!

Then, let us proceed to the next rule. The two phrases being linked in the sentence is “to
love” and “sacrificing our own happiness”
To love is sacrificing our own happiness.

Is there a linking verb in the sentence?

The phrase that seems different is “sacrificing our
When we say linking verb, it connects the own happiness”
subject of a sentence with a subject complement.
To love is to sacrifice our own happiness.
That is right!

So, what are the phrases being linked with the Observe parallelism in words connected by linking
linking verb “is”? verb.

Which among these phrases are different?

Exactly! How will you correct this sentence to

make it parallel?

Very good! Now, class, if the sentences are

being linked with a linking verb such as “is”,
what do you think is the fourth rule?

Excellent!

Rule 4
Use parallel structure with elements joined by
 linking verb or a verb of being.

Examples:
1. Non-parallel: To succeed is opening a new
opportunity.
Parallel: To succeed is to open a new
opportunity.
2. Non-parallel: Being a student is to be able to
sleep late.
Parallel: Being a student is being able to sleep None miss.
late.
3. Non-parallel: The presentation was To love is to care for someone.
informative, concise and had interactive
elements.
Parallel: The presentation was informative,
concise, and interactive.

Do you have questions about this rule?

Very good! Now, who can give an example of

this rule?

Wow! It seems that you really understood this

rule.

Let us proceed to the last rule of parallelism.

Jade wants both satisfying job and that pays

well.

Is there a correlative conjunction found in the

sentence? The two phrases being paired are “satisfying job” and
“that pays well”
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that
join or correlate phrases or words with equal The phrase that seems different is “that pays well”
importance in a sentence.

In this sentence what are the two phrases being Jade wants both satisfying and well-paying job.
paired?

Yes! Between these two phrases, which one is

different?

Exactly! Now, how would you change this to

make the sentence parallel?

For the fifth rule of parallelism…

Rule 5
 Use parallel structure with elements joined a
correlative pronoun (not only..., but also…,
both… and either…or, neither…nor)

Example:

1. Non-parallel: Claire wants money but also to

be famous.
Parallel: Claire wants money but also wants
fame.
2. Non-parallel version: She not only likes to
play soccer but also going swimming. Yes miss.
Parallel version: She not only likes to play soccer
but also likes to go swimming.
3. Not-parallel: I am fine with either a cup of
coffee or tea. Neither do I like to sleep nor do I like to study.
Parallel: I am fine with either a cup of tea or a
cup of tea.

Is the fifth rule clear to you, class?

None miss.
I am glad to hear that! Now, can you give an
example for the fifth rule?

Very good!

Do you have any questions about the different

rule of Parallel Structures?
It is called Parallel Structure or Parallelism, miss.
C. Abstraction

Now, based on our discussion earlier, What do

we call to the structure that refers to the use of We discussed five rules of Parallel Structures, miss.
words, phrases, clauses and other grammatical
components to indicate similar ideas in a Use parallel structure with element joined by
particular sentence? coordinating conjunction.

Very good! I love playing board games and watching K-drama.

How many rules did we discuss? Use parallel structure with elements in lists or in a
series.
What is the first rule, again?
My mother likes cooking pasta, cleaning the house
and planting plants.
Can you give an example for this rule?
Use parallel structure with elements being compared.

Perfect! How about the second rule? She likes reading more than writing.

Use parallel structure with elements joined by linking

Who can give example using this rule? verb or a verb of being.

The cake tastes delicious and creamy.

How about the third rule?
Use parallel structure with elements joined a
Can you give example? correlative pronoun.

And what about the fourth rule? During pandemic, the DOH requires wearing not
only face mask but also face shields.

Who can give example of the fourth rule?

And the last rule…

None miss.
Can you give your own example of the last rule?

Wow! It seems that you really understood our

topic this morning.

Do you have any questions? Clarifications before

we proceed with our next activity?

Okay if there is none, then, let us proceed.

D. Application
Activity 2: Parallel Prompt
Mechanics:
1. Divide the class into four (4). Yes miss.
2. Choose 1 writer and reporter in each group.
3. Give different tasks regarding on how to
properly apply the rules of parallel structures in
writing.
4. Present your work before the class.
5. Do this in 5 minutes.

Are the mechanics clear, class?

(Answer may vary)
Kindly go to your groups now.
Group 1 – Write a caption on the picture (Answer may vary)
below applying the rules of parallel structures.

Group 2 – Make a slogan

(Answer may vary)

Group 3 – Write 3 sentences describing the

picture below by ensuring the rules in parallel
structure.

(Answer may vary)

Group 4 – Write a caption for the photo below

using the rules of parallel structures.
 I balance my priorities through time management. I
Time is up! Kindly go back to your proper seats. sort out things that I need to do, from the most
important to the least.
Value Integration

Based on our discussion earlier, in Parallelism, it

is very important to show consistency in every
word that we used. Thus, we should learn to
balance the words. On the other hand, balancing
is not only present in grammar, but also in real-
life situation. Every day, we try to balance
everything such as our studies, works, and
household chores. It is hard, but, for you class, as
a student, how do you balance your priorities in Yes miss.
life?

Very good!

Most of us try to balance our priorities through

time management and it is very important to
follow that time management. Without that, we
might able to forgot the important things we
need to do because we are busy doing
unnecessary things. We also need to know what
our priorities in life are. respectful

Do you understand what I am trying to say? lovely

Now, let us proceed to our last activity. walking

IV. Evaluation going

Activity: Fill in the blank gathering

Directions: Supply the correct word or phrases to
make the sentence complete and parallel. Guide
words are given before the number.

(respect) 1. Filipinos are responsible,

resourceful, and ________ people.
(love) 2. She has a wonderful smile and a
_______ attitude.
(walk) 3. I like biking better than _________.
(go) 4. Princess was neither going to sleep
nor ______ to eat.
(gather) 5. She likes walking along the garden,
planting trees, and ______ pebbles at the
seashore.

V. Assignment
Direction: Write a 2 stanza-poem in a short bond
paper about your life. Apply the 5 rules in
 parallel structure. Be creative with your output.

Criteria for grading:

Content and Grammar (Rules of Parallelism) –
15
Creativity – 5
Originality – 5
TOTAL – 25 pts.

Prepared by
Ms. Grace Marie D. Lagat
Pre-service Teacher, BSED Checked by

Ms. Princess Ann R. Lastimosa

Cooperating Teacher, OCSAT