COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) – 15-18 sessions

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Intro COBOL Program Structure - Division, Section & Paragraph

Variable Declarations - Level Numbers, PIC clause,

Data types & Size
Input-Output & Arithmetic - VALUE CLAUSE, Accept &
Display - Compute
Data Movement Verbs - Simple Move, Move with Of
clause, Group Move & CORR
Conditional Statements - IF & Evaluate Statement –
Continue & Next Sentence
Control Sequence Verbs - Perform ,STOP RUN, GOBACK,
EXIT, EXIT PROGRAM, GOTO
File Handling - OPEN, READ, WRITE, REWRITE,
DELETE & CLOSE
Memory Saving - Usage Clause, 88 Level
Number, Redefines & Renames 66 LEVEL
Array-Occurs table - Search & Search All - PERFORM
VARYING
Sub-Program - CALL Statement
(Static & Dynamic Call)
String Handling Verbs - String, Unstring, Inspect &
Referential
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==========================
Mandatory Task To Complete in Practicals:
1. DISPLAY PGM
===================================================================================
==========================
COBOL CLASS 01 - VARIABLE DECLARATION:-
--------------------------------------------------
AS DEVELOPER -> 3 STEPS:

1. CODE THE COBOL PGM --> 2. COMPILE THE PGM -LOAD 3. CODE THE TEST
RUNJCL EXECUTE.

CODE - > COMPILE -> EXECUTE

|
ANY COBOL PGM: 1. GET THE DATA AS INPUT INTO THE PGM
2. APPLY THE BUSINESS RULES -> PROCESS THE DATA
3. SEND THE PROCESS DATA AS OUTPUT.

-> INPUT -> PROCESS -> OUTPUT

|
3 STEPS: 1. DECLARE THE VARIBALE AS REQUIRED (MEMORY ALLOCATION)
2. INITILIZE THE VAIRBALE (CLEAN THE MEMORY)
3. GET THE DATA INTO THE VARIBALE.
--> HOW TO DECLARE THE VAIRBALE:

VARIBALE -> TEMPORARY MEMORY SPACE -WITHIN THE PGM - USED TO STORE & PROCESS THE
DATA

REAL DATA -> FILE/TABLE**(MILLION RECORDS) -- GET 1 RECORD -> PGM (VARIBALE -
STORE + PROCESS- SEND IT ) --> FILE/TABLE(PROCESSED DATA)

VARIBALE > 2 TYPES

1. GROUP VARIBALE -> IF THE DATA CAN BE SUB-DIVIDED -
WE CAN DEFINE A GROUP VAIRBALE.
 2. ELEMENTARY VARIBALE -> ITS A VALUE - WE CANNOT
SUB-DIVIDE

EX:- CUST-ADDRESS --> GROUP -> CITY,STATE,PINCODE

ACCT-TYPE --> ELEMENTARY -> SAVING OR CURRENT OR CHECKING <<
VALUE

EX:- VAR-A
VAR-B -> WE CANNOT TELL THE TYPE BY NAMES
-> SYSTEM ALSO -> CANNOT DECIDE THE TYPE BY NAME.

SYNTAX**:- TELL YOU HOW TO CODE A PGM**

AS PER THE SYNTAX: GROUP VARIBALE: LEVEL-NUMBER VARIABLE-NAME.

(END WITH A DOT)

ELEMENTARY VARIBALE: LEVEL-NUMBER VARIABLE-NAME PIC

(FOLLOWED BY PIC)

EX: 01 VAR-A PIC - ELEMENTARY

01 VAR-B. -> GROUP

==> DEFINE THE VARIBALE -> ELEMENTARY:

LEVEL-NUMBER VARIABLE-NAME PIC DATA-TYPE(SIZE).

-->

LEVEL-NUMBER -> IN COBOL - ALL THE VARIBALE MUST BE PREFIXD WITH A LEVEL NUMBER
-> USED TO TELL THE STRUCTURE OF THE DATA RECORDS

1. IN COBOL WE HAVE LEVEL NUMBER -> 01,02...49 - 66,77 88

2. 01 LEVEL NUMBER -> USED FOR GROUP VAIRBALE & ALSO ELEMENTARY VARIBALE.
3. 02-49 -> 1. MUST COME UNDER 01 LEVEL
2. 02-49 - CAN BE USED TO DEIFNE A SUB-GROUP & ELEMENTARY AS WELL.
3. IN CASE OF ANY SUB-GROUP -> THE ELEMENTARY VARIBALE UNDER THAT
SHOULD USE 'INCREASED LEVEL NUMBER'

IN GENERAL -> WE USE -> 01 - 03, 05 , 07..

01 - 05 ,10 , 15
->
IN A PGM -> WE Can define ANY NUMBER GROUP WE WANT TO USE
-> WE CAN DEFINE ANY NUMBER ELEMENTARY WE WANT TO USE

-> 77 -> ONLY ELEMENTARY -> IGNORE IT -> USE ALWAYS 01.
-> 66 * 88 -> LATER.

01 ACCT-DETAILS.
03 ACCT-NUMBER PIC X
03 CUST-NAME PIC X
03 CUST-ADDRESS.
05 CITY PIC X
05 STATE PIC X
05 PINCODE PIC X
03 ACCT-BAL PIC S-9-V
03 ACCT-TYPE PIC X
 03 ACCT-OPEN-DATE PIC X
03 ACCT-CLOSE-DATE.
05 YYYY PIC 9
05 MM PIC 9
05 DD PIC 9
03 ACCT-STATUS PIC X

01 ACCT-TOTAL-BAL PIC S-9-V

#POINT2: VARIABLE NAME**

RULES: 1. MAX 32 CHAR

2. SHOULD NOT START WITH A NUMBER
3. SHOULD NOT USE THE COBOL KEY WORD 01 DISPLAY - 01
DIVISION < IN VALID
01 DISPLAY-VAR -> OKAY
4. SHOULD NOT USE MULTIPLE WORD AS UR VARIBALE
- INSTEAD U CAN JOIN THE WORD BY USIUNG 'HYPEN'
01 ACCT NUMBER. INVALID -
NO SPACE
01 ACCT-NUMBER VALID ->
HYPEN

5** -> ALWAYS -ALL THE VARIBALE -MUST BE SELF EXPLAINED.

6** -> VARIBALE SHOULD POINT TO THE DATA SOURCE

--> ABOVE IS THE BOOK ---> BELOW IS THE PROJECT POINTS

-> DEV-1 -> CODED A PGM P1 -> 2010 IN THE PGM HE DEFINED SOME VAIRBALE..

01 CS PIC (THIS IS AN ELEMENTARY VARIBALE)

-> 2023 -> WE JOINED THE PROJECT -> ASKED -ANALYSIS THE PGM P1

-> VAIRBALE 'CS' -> WHAT DOES THIS VARIABLE MEANS??

-> DEV-2 -> CODED A PGM P2 = 1990 IN THE PGM -VRIBALE..

01 CLAIM-STATUS PIC ... THIS ELEMTNATY VARIBALE.

-> 2023 -> WE JOINED THE PROJECT -> ASKED -ANALYSIS THE PGM P2
-
-> CLAIM-STATUS -> --EASY TO UNDERSTAND.

PGM P3 - --FROM WHERE THE DATA IS COMING THE

VAIRBALE.
---------- --------------------------------------
CLAIM-STATUS > NO PREFIX /NO SUFIX ->
FILE VARIBALE.
WS-CLAIM-STATUS > WS- WORKING-STORAGE ->
DEFINE BY DEVELOPER - TO BUILD LOGIC**
WS-CLAIM-STATUS-HOLD > WS- HOLD -> TO STORE/HOLD
PREVIOUS RECORD *FIND THE DUPLICATE
DCL-CLAIM-STATUS > DCL- DB2 TABLE VAIRBALE.
CLAIM-STATUSI > SUFIX -> I -> ONLINE INPUT
VARIBALE. CICS PGM
CLAIM-STATUSO > SUFIX -> O -> OUTPUT
VAIRBALE CICS PGM

3. PIC -> USED TO PROVIDE THE DATA-TYPE & SIZE FOR A ELEMENTARY VARIBALE
|
PICTURE

4. DATA-TYPE & SIZE:-

DATA-TYPE -> TELL -> WHAT KIND OF DATA -IS STORED IN THAT VARIBALE.

IN COBOL -> 3 TYPES 1. NUMERIC ->DENOTED 9 01 VAR-NAME PIC

9 -> VAIRBALE MEMORY SPACE USED TO STORE NUMERIC DATA
2. ALPHABATIC -> DENOTED A
3. ALPNUMERIC -> DENOTED X.

NUMERIC -> ALLOW -> 0-9 => ALP -> A-Z SYMBOL ==> ALP=NUM =-> 0-9 & A-
Z -SPACE.

EX:
->NUMERIC: -9
VALUE 123 PIC 9(03) 9 -NUMERIC DATA ,
03 MEMORY ALLOCATION
VALUE +/-123 PIC S9(03) S- SIGEN
NUMBEIC = 9 - 03 MEMORY
VALUE +/-123.45 PIC S9(03)V9(2) S - SIGNED - V-
ASSUMED DECIMAL

-> ALPBHATIC (NOT USED)

-A VALUE ANIL PIC A(04) A- TYPE , 04 - SIZE

-> ALP-NUMERIC
X VALUE ANIL PIC X(04)
VALUE 1234 PIC X(04).
VALUE ANIL1234 PIC X(08)

ABOVE IS BOOK POINT --> BELOW IS PROJECT POINT**

================================================

PONIT#:IF THE DATA IS INVLOVED IN CAL -> THEN IT WILL BE NUMERIC -- IF NOT
ALP-NUMERIC.

-> AS DEVELOPER -> DEFINE A VARIBALE.

VALUE => 12345 -> ? -> DATA-TYPE X(05)

9(05) -> WHY SO ->

-> DIFF B/W -> NUMBER & NUMERIC

|-> VALUE THAT WILL BE INVOLVED IN CALCLUATION.

EX: PINCODE -> 1837191 -- X.

->DEVELOP -> CODE THE PGM** -> FOR THEM - PGM IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ->
WRONG
 ---------
DATA = IS MORE IMPORTANT:

==> ACCT-NUMBER -> X TYPE*

OPENING A NEW BANK -> ACCT-NUMBER PIC X(04).

-> POSSIBALE VALUE I CAN HAVE IN ACCT-NUMBER --> 0000-9999,A000-

A999,Z999,ZZ99,ZZZ9,ZZZZ -> UNLIMIT POSSIBLITLTY

-> 1ST CUSTOMER -> ACCT-NUMBER -> 0001

-> 2ND CUSTOMER -> ACCT-NUMBER -> PREVIOUS-ACCT-NUM + 1 =>
ERROR .

OPENING ANOTHER BANK -> ACCT-NUMBER PIC 9(04).

->
POSSIBLE VALUE: -> 0000 - 9999 --> LIMITED VALUE

-> 1ST CUSTOMER -> ACCT-NUMBER --> 0001

-> 2ND CUSTOMER -> PREVIOUS-ACCT-NUM + 1 => 0002
...
1 YEAR
-> NEW CUSTOMER -> ACCT-NUMBER -> 9999
->
NEW CUSTOMER -> ANIL -> DEPOIST -> 100 BILLION $ --> ACCT-NUMBER ->
9999 +1 -> ERROR

OPTION 1. REMOVED ANY OLD CUSTOMER - ZERO BAL -> TAKE

ANIL BILL..
2. SAY NO TO ANIL
#POINT2
DATA: -> KEY FIELDS:: >> ACCT-NUMBER , CLAIM-NUMBER , PHO NUMBER , PAN , SSN ,
AADHAR, PASSPORT , VECH-RN

1. ALWAYS INCREASE
2. NO DUPLICATE

-> ACCT-NUMBER -> COMBINATION > X & 9

X -> =UNLIMITED POSSIBLILTY

9 -> =USED FOR CAL

-> ACCT-NUMBER 01 ACCT-NUMBER.

03 BRACH-CODE PIC X(04). 0001
0002
03 AREA-CODE PIC X(02). 01 02
... 99 A1 ZZ 01
03 ACCT-SEQ-NUMBER PIC 9(06). 1-99999 1-99999
1-99999 1-999999 1-999999 1-99999

-> V-RIN -> 2 - STATE CODE

2 -> RTA CODE
LETTER -< TYPE
4 -> NUMBER

POINT#3
DATES** -> SOME THEY ARE DISPLAY
 => X
SOME OF THEM ARE CALUCATION -> AGE OF THE CUSTOMER. , EMI
DUE , POST BILL DATE =>9

-> FORMAT** -> YYYYMMDD < 8 FORMAT

YYYY-MM-DD < 10 FORMAT (DDMMYYYY - INVALID)

============================
COBOL: AS A DEVELOPER:-

AS A DEVELOPER: 3 STEPS 1. CODE THE PGM

2. COMPILE THE PGM - CONVERT THE CODE - MACHINE LANG
3. EXECUTE THE PGM

-> CODE - COMPILE & EXECUTE

COBOL LANG -> PGM LANG 1. LOGIC - DATA PROCESSING

1. CONDITION -> POLICY -1 YEAR START TODAY
- 100,000
-> CLIAM -> SEP 25 2025 -->
APPROVED? REJECTED
-> POLICY EXPIRED ??
> CLAIM REQ -> DEC 2023 -> 1>
50000 -> APPROVED -> <100%
2> 200000
-> APPROVED -> 90,000
3> 10000
-> APPROVED -> 8000

2. CALUCATION

EACH DAY -> HAVING 1 CLAIM TO PROCESS -> CAN I DO IT MANUALLY? -> YES
100 YES MANUAL
-
1000000 million -1. MAY BE ISSUE -> TIME CONSUION
MANUL ERROR
-->
-> WE AS HUMAN CAN PROCESS SOME AMT OF DATA
-> AS PROJECT -> DAILY -WE GET MILLION OF RECORD TO PROCESS
-> FOR THIS WE NEED A MACHINE -> MAINFRAME

-> MAINFRAME -> CAN I TELL VERBELLY TO DO SOMETHING -> NO

 > CAN I TELL IN ENG AND ASK TO DO THE PROCESS > NO
> PROGRAM LANG -> YES

COBOL -> EASY LANG

> ENGLISH LIKE LANG

-> COBOL IS ALWAYS LENGTH -> SMALL LOGIC -> 300 LINES CODE
GOOD PROJECT LEVEL -> 3000 LINE CODE.

---> IN COBOL CODE FORMAT:

DIVISION
SECTION
PARAGRAPHS
STATEMENT --> INSTRUCTION TELLING THE SYSTEM WHAT TO DO.
ADD -STATEMENT
READ FILE -> STATEMENT

IN COBOL -> 4 DIVISION

1. IDENFICATION DIVISION (ID DIVISION)

2. ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
3. DATA DIVISION.
4. PROCEDURE DIVISION.

-> ID DIVISION: THIS IS USED TO PROIVDE -IN-PROGRAM DOCIMENTATION DETAILS

1. IN THIS DIVISION 6 PARA -> OUT OF THESE ONLY PROGRAM-ID IS

REQUIRED, OTHER ARE OPTIONAL.
2. PROJECT PGM -> PROGRAM-ID, AUTHOR AND DATE-WRITTEN.
SYNTAX:
ID DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. NAME-OF-PGM. REQUIRED
AUTHOR. UR NAME.
DATE-WRITTEN. TODAY.
DATE-COMPILED. TODAY.
INSTALLTION. TEAM/APPLICATION NAME.
SECURITY. WARNING MESSAGE

--> NAME-OF-PGM -> ALP-NUMERIC -MAX 8 CHAR

EX: ANILPGM1 , ANILPGM2 --> ARE THESE VALID NAME? -> YES
CAN I USE THIS NAMING STYLE IN MY PROJECT ->
NO

-> PROJECT -> APPLICATION-A --> Z1YNnnnn -> NEW PGM -> Z1YN1881 -->
Z1YN0 -> KINDS , Z1YN1.. , Z1YN2..
APP- B --> Z1YEnnnn -> NEW PGM -> Z1YE1881

--> ENVIRONMENT DIVISION:- -> USED TO DEFINE THE FILES REQUIRED IN THE PGM (IF
ANY)

-> AINFRAME -STORE THE DATA -2 PLACE 1. FILE

2. DATABASE
 IN CASE = IF UR PGM - NEED THE DATA FROM A FILE (INPUT ) -
SEND THE DATA TO A FILE (OUTPUT) -> WE NEED TO DEFINE THE
FILE NAME IN ENV DIVISION,

-> IN SOME PGM DO NOT HAVE A FILE -> THIS DIVISION IS OPTIONAL**

SYNTAX: ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.

INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
DEFINE THE FILES

ONLINE TEST QUESTION:-

COBOL PGM TYPE** IS ENV DIVISION REQUIRED(Y/N)

---------------------------- -----------------------------------
-----------
BATCH PGM 1. ONLY COBOL N
2. COBOL+FILE YES
3. COBOL+DB2 TABLE N
4. COBOL+FILE + DB2 YES
ONLINE PGM
5. COBOL+CICS N
6. COBOL+CICS+FILE N - ONLINE PGM -ENV
DIVISION IS NOT REQUIRED
7. COBOL+CICS+DB2 N
8. COBOL+CICS+FILE+DB2 N
ANSWER -> ALL PGM EXPECT 1ST
> 2 4 6 8
> EXCEPT 1 & 5
3. DATA DIVISION:-
1. USED TO DEFINE THE VAIRBALE IN THE PGM

VARIBALE: IN THE PGM -> IS TEMP MEMORY SPACE - USED TO STORE AND PROCESS THE
DATA

ACCOUNT-FILE: --> DEPOIST 100$ COBOL PGM:

CURR-ACCT-FILE
A111 1. GET THE DATA INTO PGM
A111
ANIL -> DEFINE VARIBALE -> ACCT-NUM
A111 ANIL
1000.00 CUST-NAME ANIL
1100.00
SAVINGS CURR-ACCT-BAL 1000.00 +
100.0 -1100.00
ACCT-TYPE - SAVINGS
2. AFTER PROCESS - SEND THE DATA OUT OF PGM

FOR DATA ELEMENT -> WE NEED TO DEFINE - A VAIRBALE

SYNTAXl DATA DIVISION.

FILE SECTION. VARIBALE OF FILE
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. DEVELOPER VAIRBALE -TO BUILD LOGIC
LINKAGE SECTION.

4. PROCEDURE DIVISION:-
1. CONTAINS THE PGM LOGIC + CAL => TO PROCESS THE DATA
2. IN THIS DIVIISON - WE DO NOT HAVE ANY PRE-DEFINED
SECTION/PARAGRAPHS
3. AS A DEVELOPER -> WE CAN DEFINE OUR OWN SECTION.

4. USING THE STAMTENT - IN A RIGHT ORDER - WE CODE THE LOGIC.

SYNTAXl PROCEDURE DIVISION.

000-MAIN-PARA.
STATEMENT1
S2
S3
STOP RUN. END OF THE COBOL PGM.

->
-> EX: LET US GO TO A MOVIE (NEW MOVIE) -< ALL OF GET THE
SCREEN/AUDIT ->MOVIE START

1. TITLE -> ENJOY

2. CAST -. HER/HERION - HAPPY
3. TECH -> MUSIC , DIRECT ,
PRODUCER
4. OPENING SCENE -> LET US - COME
OUT OF THE MOVIE

-> HAPPY / ANGRY -> WHY UR ANGRY? -> MISS THE WHOLE STORY

-->
ID DIVISION. PGM NAME *TITLE
ENVIRONEMENT. FILE NAME (CAST)
DATA DIVISION. VARIBALE NAME (TECH)
--
PROCEDURE DIVISION --> WHOLE STORY - 80% WORK LOAD
- STATMENTS => INSTRUCTION TO
SYSTEM HOW TO PROCESS THE DATA

==? DIVISION SECTION PARA & STATEMENT

-> CODE A COBOL PGM -> COBOL CODE SHEET** ANSWER

CODE SHEET -> 1-80 COL LENGTH

1-6 COL -> LINE NUMBER (AUTO-GENERTE)

7* -> USED FOR MAKING A LINE - AS 'COMMENT' 1. IN PGM -> CODE TO

EXECUTE- PROCESS THE DATA
2. IN PGM -> WRITE - DETAILS - IN
ENG -> EXPLAIN THE LOGIC
IN THE 7TH COL -> * -> CONSIDE THAT LINE - AS COMMENT
-> SYSTEM WILL IGNORE THOSE LINE - DURING EXEUCTION
8-11 -> AREA-A -> HEADER
-> DIVISION - SECTION - PARAGAPHS = LEVEL NUMBER

12-72 -> AREA-B -> CODE THE STATEMENT ( U BREAK A STATEMENT INTO MANY LINES)

73-80 -> CHANGE TAG** (REAL PGM)

=-=> 7-72 -> 7 -* - COMMENT

-> 8 -> START HEADER
-> 12 -> START STATEMENT

--> PUNCH CARD -> SIZE 1-80

SAMPLE COBOL PGM:

1 8 12

ID DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CBLPGM01.
AUTHER. NAME.
DATE-WRITTEN. TODAY.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTOUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
LINKAGE SECTION.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
000-MAIN-PARA.

DISPLAY 'HELLO ALL'

STOP RUN.