CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction
In this modern age, it is widely accepted that technology impacts all aspects of

society. The importance of technology in education cannot be ignored it is safe to

say that with the onset of computers in education, it has become easier for teachers

to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it, the integration of technology

has not only become imperative but transformative (Raja & Nagasubramani,

2018). This literature review embarks on a comprehensive exploration of SSMS,

delving into its historical evolution, case studies of successful implementation,

core functionalities, challenges, and the potential trajectories that lie ahead.

2.2 Review of Student Study Management System

Student Study Management System (SSMS) as defined in the previous chapter, is

an innovative web-based platform designed to assist students in organizing and

managing their academic activities. Management Information system is a set of

systems that helps managers to make better decisions (Thaku, 2014). SSMS is

regarded as a management information system. A general lack of information and

organization causes students not to be prepared for class, which in turn causes

failing grades. Disorganized students not only suffer from failing grades but also

experience added stress and poor self-esteem issues (Ramona, 1997).

Furthermore, businesses in turn spend funds attempting to teach practical skills,

such as organization, to employees. For instance, Customer Relationship

Management (CRM) helps businesses manage interactions with customers,

streamline sales processes, and enhance customer satisfaction. Some businesses

also use platforms like SharePoint or Google Workspace to facilitate efficient

document storage, retrieval, and collaboration. Tools like Asana, Trello, or Jira

assist teams in planning, tracking, and collaborating on projects.

The field of education is continuously influenced by new initiatives, reform acts,

promising research, and technologies. The 1986 vision of technology in the

education of the study was more far-reaching than simply putting computers in

schools as teaching machines. Technology is one of the most powerful influences

in today’s educational scene (Cromwell, 2022). As modern technologies emerge,

several advancements are shaping study management and academic performance.

These advancements aim to create more efficient and personalized learning

experiences, fostering improved academic performance and students’ success.

2.3 Evolution of student study management system

The evolution of student study management systems reflects a broader trend in

education technology toward increased automation, accessibility, and

personalization.

2.3.1 Pre-digital Era: Before the digital era, educational intuitions relied on early

manual systems for managing students’ records. These systems involved

paper-based methods, including handwritten gradebook, attendance

registers, and manual enrolment processes. Access to student information

was limited to physical records stored within the institutions, leading to

challenges such as errors in data entry and delays in information

dissemination. Information related to all kinds of student details, academic-

related reports, course details, curriculum, class details, and other resource-

related details, are extremely difficult to manage manually (Bharamagoudar,

2013).

2.3.2 Mainframe Computer System: The introduction of mainframe computers

allowed educational institutions to centralize student information.

Computerized administrative systems began as huge mainframes operated

by programmers with highly specialized knowledge during the mid-1970s.

Students were presented with information, and then they were presented

with questions to check their understanding of the information. Feedback

 was given and instructional decisions were made based on their responses

(Bushnell, 1963).

2.3.3 Integrated Student Information Systems: A Student Information System

(SIS) is a management system for maintaining and providing student

information, and it almost exists in all schools, colleges, universities, and

other educational institutions (Pan, 2004). Nowadays, SIS has been referred

to as Student Data Warehouse (SDW), Online Student Information System

(OSIS), Student Management Information Systems (SMIS) or Student

Academic Information Systems (SAIS), and Student Academic Register

Information System (SARIS), (Paulsen, 2002; Marjanovic, Delic, & Lalic,

2016). However, despite having different names, (Kasozi, 2005) indicated

that the information systems function in a comparable manner and are all

interrelated to managing students’ data or records in the universities or any

institution of learning.

2.3.4 Emergence of Learning Management System: A Learning Management

System (LMS) is a software application for the administration,

documentation, tracking, reporting, automation, and delivery of educational

courses, training programs, materials or learning and development programs.

The learning management systems concept emerged directly from E-

learning. The first web-based Learning management system (LMS) named

 Cecil was launched in 1996 (Sheridan et al., 2002), Cecil deals with

organizing documents, recording, and delivering e-learning courses.

As major modern technologies for recording and processing information were

invented over the millennia, new capabilities appeared, and people became

empowered. These inventions led to a profound revolution in the ability to record,

process, disseminate, and reach for information and knowledge (Zwass, 2011).

2.4 Related works

A Student Information Management System (SIMS) was developed by (Abuka,

2019). It was Implemented with the use of an object-oriented programming

language, Visual Basic 6.0, and a database application, Microsoft Access. These

development tools are what make up the student information management system.

It was placed on a local intranet, local to the educational institution making use of

it, and was built as a desktop application for Windows® Desktop OS only. With

the student information management system, a user-friendly interface was

introduced to make it easy for students’ records to be stored in a database, and

easily retrieved from the database. The system provided quite some features such

as easy storage of students’ records, easy editing of students’ records, easy deletion

of students’ records whenever necessary and minimal loss of information due to

the backup dialogue contained in the application. Some of its shortcomings are the
fact that it only provides access to an administrator to manage records, it was only

used to manage records, and other educational processes such as course

registration and results provision were not feasible using the system, and users

require internet to access the system, in the process incurring additional costs.

A Student Academic Record Management System was developed for Joseph Ayo

Babalola University (Adekunle, 2011). He designed and implemented student

registration and course management database application with Microsoft Access

2003 which solved the problem of having so many redundant data and the

possibility that the data contained in a file be inaccurate because they were never

updated. The system is capable of registering students from admission point,

generate matriculation number for each registered students at the close of

registration. However, the system has a demerit in the Microsoft Access

transmission over a Wide Area Network (WAN) media and there was a limitation

on the number of records and file size (up to 2GB).

An Online Course Management System (CMS) was developed to address

challenges in traditional classrooms by accommodating diverse learning abilities

(Nwaeze, 2019). The system was implemented using the waterfall model and with

the use of VB.NET, AJAX, and JavaScript. These development tools are what
make up the course management system. The system offers features like web-

based course management, adaptive learning techniques, and a reminder

scheduling system for assignments or evaluations. The online course management

system was deployed as a web-based platform, accessible to learners but some of

its shortcomings are the facts that learners' success depends on consistent access to

technology, potentially creating disparities for learners with limited access and the

system’s effectiveness relies on user’s abilities t navigate through the web-based

platform, engage with the adaptive learning features, and utilize the reminder

scheduling system.

Christopher (2022) developed an online Learning Management System (LMS) for

a secondary school in Grenada, The development tools include Visual Studio

Code, MYSQL, PHP and JavaScript. These development tools were used to

implement the learning management system. The system features a robust set of

modules, including an administrator module for user and school information

management, an instructor module supporting assignment uploads and learning

content sharing, and a student module enabling content download, assignment

submission, quiz-taking, and grade viewing. The system also incorporates a

messaging feature for communication between instructors and students. However,

some of its shortcomings include integration issues, scalability considerations and

a user adoption learning curve.

The Collaborative Learning Management System (CLMS) developed by

(Tochukwu, et al., 2021) represents a progressive leap, addressing the evolving

needs of education. The system provided features such as an interactive board for

student engagement, an e-portfolio for efficient storage of learning materials, and a

web-based application facilitating effective student learning. CLMS was

implemented with the use of PHP for back-end scripting, JavaScript and jQuery for

interactivity, MySQL for secure database management, and the front-end

development employs HTML, CSS, and the Bootstrap framework to ensure a

visually appealing and responsive design. The system was deployed as a web-

based application, accessible through web browsers. Some of its shortcomings

were the fact that it requires users to have basic technical skills for optimal

utilization, students in remote locations with limited internet access may still face

challenges, and students will not have access to a diverse range of learning

materials.

Blackboard is a proprietary software developed by the co-founder of Blackboard

Inc, (Micheal & Matthew, 1997). The web-based server software features
customizable open architecture, course management and scalable design that allow

integration with system information system and authentication protocols. It has a

quite number of features such as announcements, discussions, chats, mail, course

content, calendar, learning modules, assessments, assignments, grade book, and

media library. Its major benefits are increased availability, quick feedback,

tracking, improved communication, and skilled building. Some of its weaknesses

are the fact that it is costly, hard to learn, and it limits creativity because it is a

licensed software.