SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK

Subject: Practical Research 1 Grade Level: Grade 11

2nd Sem. Quarter: 4 Week:

Name: _____________________________________Section: ________________Date: _______

I. MELC: Describes sampling procedure and sample

II. Objective/s:
Knowledge: Define sampling and other technical terms about sampling
Skills: Compare-contrast the sampling method
Values/Attitude:
III. Subject Matter: Sampling
IV. Procedure

READINGS/DISCUSSIONS
SAMPLING

DEFINITION
In research, sampling is a word that refers to your method or process of selecting respondents
or people to answer questions meant to yield data for research study. The chosen ones constitute the
sample through which you will derive facts and evidence to support the claims or conclusions
propounded by your research problem. The bigger group from where you choose the sample is called
population, and sampling frame is the term used to mean the list of the members of such population from
where you will get the sample.(Paris 2013)

HISTORY
The beginning of sampling could be traced back to the early political activities of the Americans in 1920
when Literary Digest did a pioneering survey about the American citizens’ favorite among the 1920 presidential
candidates. This was the very first survey that served as the impetus for the discovery by academic researchers of
the sampling strategies that they categorized into two classes: probablity sampling or unbiased sampling and non-
probability sampling. (Babbie 2013)

PROBABILITY SAMPLING or UNBIASED SAMPLING

Probability sampling involves all members listed in the sampling frame representing a certain population
focused on by your study. An equal chance of participation in the sampling or selection process is given to every
member listed in the sampling frame. By means of this unbiased sampling, you are able to obtain a sample that is
capable of representing the population under study or of showing strong similarities in characteristics with the
member of the population.

A sampling error crops up if the selection does not take place in the way it is planned. Such sampling error
is manifested by strong dissimilarity between the sample and the ones listed in the sampling frame . (P) How
numerous the sampling errors depend on the size of the sample. The smaller the sample is, the bigger the number
of sampling errors. Thus, choose to have a bigger sample of respondents to avoid sampling errors. However,
deciding to increase the size of your sample is not so easy. These are these things you have to mull over in
finalizing about this such as expenses for questionnaires and interview trips, interview schedules, and time for
reading respondent’s answers.
 The right sample size alo depends on whether or not the group is heterogeeous or homogeneous. The
first group recquires a bigger size; the second , a smaller one. For a study in the field of social sciences requiring an
in-depth investigation of something such as one involving the national government , the right sample size ranges
from 1,000 to 1500 or up to 2,500. On the othr hand , hundereds, not thousands, of respondents suffice for a study
about any local government unit. (Suter 2012; Emmel 2013.)

TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING

1. Simple Random Sampling

Simple Random Sampling is the best type of probablity sampling through which you can choose
sample from a population. Using a pure-chance selection, you assure every member the same opportunity
to be in the sample. Here, the only basis of inclusing or excluding a member is by chance or opportunity,
not by anu occurrence accounted for by caus-effect relatioships. Simple random sampling happens
through any of these two methods: (Burns 2012)
1. Have a list of all members of the population; write each name on a card, and choose cards
through pure-chance selection.
2. Have a list of all members; give a number to member and then use randomized or unordered
numbers in selecting names from the list.
2. Systematic Sampling
For this kind of probability sampling, chance and system are the ones to determine who should
compose the sample. For instance, if you want to have a sample of 150 you may select a set of
numbers like 1 to 15, and out of a list of 1500 students , take every 15th name on the list until you
complete the total number of respondents to constitute your sample.
3. Stratifiedied Sampling
The group comprising the sample is chosen in a way that such group is liable to subdivision
during the data analysis. A study needing group-by-group analysis finds stratified sampling the
right probability sampling to use.
4. Cluster Sampling
This is a probability sampling that makes you isolate a set of persons instead of individual
members to serve as sample members. For example, if you want to have a sample of 120 out of
1000 students, you can randomly select three sections with 40 students each to consist of the
sample.
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Non-probability sampling disregards the random selection of subjects. The subjects are chosen based on
their availability or the purpose of the study, and in some cases, on the sole discretion of the researcher. This is not
a scientific way of selecting respondents. Neither does it offer a valid or an objective way of detecting sampling
errors. (Edmond 2013)

TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

1. Quota Sampling
You resort to quota sampling when you think you know the characteristics of the target
population very well. In this case, you tend to choose sample members possessing or indicating
the characteristics of the target population. Using a quota or a specific set of persons whom you
believe to have the characteristics of the target population involve din the study is your way of
showing that the sample you have chosen closely represnets the target population as regards
such characteristics.

2. Voluntary Sampling
Since the subjects you expect to participate in the sample selection are the ones volunteering to
constitute the sample, there is no need for you to do a selection.
 3. Purposive or Judgmental Sampling
You choose people whom you are sure could correspond to the obejctives of your study , like
selecting those with rich exerience or interest in your study.

4. Availability Sampling
The willingness of a person as your subject to interact with you counts a lot in this non-
probability sampling method. If during the data-collection time, you encounter people walking on
the school campus , along corridors, and along the park or employees lining up at the office, and
these people show willingness to respond to your questions, then you automatically consider
them as your respondents.

5. Snowball Sampling
Similar to snow expanding widely or rolling rapidly, this sampling method does not give a specific
set of samples. This is true for a study involving unspecified group of people. Dealing with a
varied groups of people such as street children , mendicants , drug dependents, call center
workers, informal settlers, street vendors, and the like is possible in this kind of non-probability
smapling. Free to obtain data from any group just like snow freely expanding and accumulating
at a certain place, you tend to increase the number of people you want from the sample of your
study.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write P if the sentence talks about probability sampling; otherwise, write NP.
_____1. Checking every 10th students in the list.
_____2. Interviweing some persons you meet on the campus
_____3. Dividing 100 persons into groups
_____4. Choosing subjects behaving like the majority members of NPC Town.
_____5. Choosing a group of subjects among several groups
_____6. Choosing subjects capable of helping you meet the aim of your study
_____7. Choosing samples by chance but through an organizational pattern
_____8. Letting all members in the population join the selection process
_____9. Having people willing to be chosen as respondents
_____10. Matching people’s traits with the population members’ traits

God bless and good luck!

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