FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI DAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIKAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

CONTROL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTAL

BELR 2383 SEMESTER 2 SESSION 2023/2024

LAB 2: System Modelling

DATE
22 / 03 / 2024

1. TIBEN RAJ A/L RAVI (B082210521)

NAME OF GROUP MEMBERS
& 2. HESVAAR A/L ARUMUGAM (B082210488)
MATRIX NUMBER
3. NISYOK KAANTH A/L VIDA NAIGAM (B082210198)

1. DR SYED NAJIB BIN SYED SALIM

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR
2.

3.

EXAMINER’S COMMENT VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS

Revision Number Total Page

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1.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

▪ Model the system in frequency and time domain

▪ Develop the model of the system based on the given block diagram
▪ Verify the model obtained based on the output’s characteristics

2.0 EQUIPMENT

▪ Matlab and Simulink

PART A: BLOCK DIAGRAM REDUCTION

1. Start Matlab by double-click Matlab icon

2. Type ‘simulink’ in command window or click icon Simulink to open Simulink toolbox.

3. Click the icon ‘blank model’,

4. The blank model will display

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5. Now click ‘Library Browser’ and the following window will display

6. Click on ‘Continuous’ and the following window will appear.

7. Click on the block ‘Transfer Fcn”, drag the block to the blank model.
8. Students are required to draw the multiple block diagram as shown in Figure 1

Figure 1 : Multiple block diagram

9. Double click on the block ‘Transfer Fcn’ in step (7) and the Block Parameters will appear.

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10. To set the Transfer Fcn block represents the transfer function 1
, in the numerator
𝑠+2
coefficients, type [1] which represents the numerator 1 in the transfer function while in
denominator coefficients, type [1 2] which represents 𝑠 + 2 in the transfer function.
11. Repeat the procedure (10) for each transfer function in Figure 1.
12. In the Simulink Library Browser, click on Math Operations and drag block Sum and Gain to the
similar blank model.

13. Again, in the Simulink Library Browser, click on the Sources and drag block Step to the blank
model and click on the Sinks and drag block Scope and To workspace to the same model.
14. Double click on the block “To workspace” and change the “Save format” in the block
parameters to ‘Array’.

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15. Connect all transfer function and sum blocks as shown in Figure 1.
16. When the connection is complete, save the model. Click Run on the Simulation tab.

17. Observe the output graph by double clicking the scope. To plot the output graph from the
workspace, in command window, type
plot(out.tout,out.simout) and then enter.
Save the output figure.
18. By using block diagram reduction techniques, obtain the single transfer function which
represents the model of the system.
19. Redraw the model of the system with single transfer function with the same input and observe
the output. Save the output figure by using the similar step in (17).

PART B : ELECTRICAL SYSTEM MODELLING

(𝑠)
1. Model the electrical network in Figure 2 by obtaining its single transfer function 𝐼2 .
𝑉(𝑠)

𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 1Ω
𝐿 = 1𝐻
𝐶 = 1𝐹

2. By using a similar technique in Part A, draw the model of the electrical network in Simulink.
3. Plot and observe the output of the model. Save the output figure.

PART C : STATE-SPACE REPRESENTATION

10𝑠2+30𝑠+20
1. Let the transfer function 𝐺(𝑠) = , in command window column, type the
𝑠3+3𝑠2+2𝑠+1
following command
a. To display the transfer function in s-domain and plot the output graph with step input:
num=10*[1 3 2] then enter
den=[1 3 2 1] then enter
Z=tf(num,den) then enter
Step(Z) then enter Save the figure plot

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 b. To display the transfer function in z-domain and plot the output graph
with step input:
Q=ss(Z) then enter step(Q) then enter Save the figure plot

2. Repeat step 1 for the transfer function obtained from electrical model in
Part B. Save the figure plot.

ASSIGNMENT

1. PART A: What is your observation based on the figure plot you obtained from the
multiple block diagram and single block diagram. Justify your answer.
2. PART B: State your observations for the figure plot in Part B.
3. PART C: What is your observations based on the figure plot you obtained in step 2 part
C. Justify your answer.
4. Write down simple conclusions for your observations in this lab session.

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PART A

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RESULTS

Block Diagram

OBSERVATION

There is no difference in the block diagram graph even after the equation has been simplified.

PART B

Loop 1:

-V(s) + 𝐼1(𝑠) + S (𝐼1 − 𝐼2) = 0

(1+S) 𝐼1 - S𝐼2 = V(s)
𝑉(𝑠)+𝑆𝐼2
𝐼1 = 1+𝑆

Loop 2:

S (𝐼 − 𝐼 ) + 𝐼 + 1 𝐼 = 0
2 1 2 𝑠 2
S𝐼 - S𝐼 + 𝐼 + 1 𝐼 = 0
2 1 2 𝑠 2

𝑆2𝐼2 - 𝑆2𝐼1 + S𝐼2 + 𝐼2 = 0

𝑆2𝐼2 + S𝐼2 + 𝐼2 = 𝑆2𝐼1
𝑉(𝑠)+S𝐼2
𝑆2𝐼2 + S𝐼2 + 𝐼2 = 𝑆2( 1+𝑆
)
𝐼 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼2 = 𝑉(𝑠)+S𝐼2
2 𝑆 2 𝑆 1+𝑆
(1+S) 𝐼 + (1+𝑆)𝐼2
+
1+𝑆 (𝐼 ) = V(s) + S𝐼
2 𝑆 𝑆2 2 2
1
V(s) = 𝐼 + S
𝐼 1+𝑆 (𝐼 ) + 1+𝑆 (𝐼 ) - S𝐼
2 2 + 2 2 2
𝑆 𝑆2
V(s) = 𝐼 + 1+𝑆 (𝐼 ) + 1+𝑆 (𝐼 )
2 𝑆 2 𝑆2 2

V𝑆2(s) = 𝑆2𝐼2 + S(1 + 𝑆)𝐼2 + (1 + 𝑆)𝐼2

V𝑆2(s) = 𝑆2𝐼2 + S𝐼2 + 𝑆2𝐼2 + 𝐼2 +S𝐼2
V𝑆2(s) = 2𝑆2𝐼2 +2 S𝐼2 + 𝐼2
V𝑆2(s) = 𝐼2 (2𝑆2+2S + 1)
V𝑆2(s)
𝐼2 = 2𝑆2+2S + 1

1 (𝐼 ) = Vc(s)
𝑠 2

1 V𝑆2(s) ) = Vc(s)
=(
𝑠 2𝑆2+2S + 1
V𝑆(s)
2𝑆2+2S + 1
= Vc(s)
𝑉𝑐(𝑠) s
=
𝑉(𝑠) 2𝑆2+2S + 1

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OBSERVATION.

As we can see, the graph is not in steady state.

PART C

Part C (1)

S-domain Z-domain

Part C (2)

1
 S-domain Z-domain

OBSERVATION

As we can see in part C, the graph changes a bit in the part 1 of the S-domain and Z-domain in
the amplitude which is high but in part 2 the amplitude is low.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion. Simply described, block diagram reduction is the act of joining and
rearranging blocks in order to simplify a complicated system. It simplifies system
analysis and comprehension by eliminating unnecessary blocks and connections.