SCIENCE 10

4th QUARTER
Week 2

GASES all that

MATTER

Most Essential Learning Competency

Explain the relationships between volume, pressure, temperature, and number of
moles using the kinetic molecular theory (S10MT-IVa-b-21)

To the Learner
This module was specially designed to help you understand and apply the
lesson objectives. Read and follow the simple instructions as your guide.
1. Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your
studies.
2. Seek assistance from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing
the activities.
3. Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to
ask from your teacher.
4. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.
The Writer
 Expectations

This module will help you understand and appreciate the properties and the
behavior of gases.

Specifically, you are expected to:

a. cite and describe each Kinetic Molecular Theory assumption and cite
instances wherein KMT are observed in life experiences (ex. discuss the
KMT on hot air balloons, etc.);
b. show the relationship between volume and the number of moles of a gas
(Avogadro's Law) by using data/videos/simulation/graph/etc;
c. calculate for each unknown on volume and number of moles relationship;
and
d. describe how Ideal Gas Equation was derived and calculate for each
unknown on the Ideal Gas Equation.

Pre-test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on your
answer sheet.

1. Last summer vacation, the Tayamen family decided to go to Laoag City, Ilocos
Norte to have a beach party. On their way, all of them were surprised when the
tire suddenly exploded. What caused the tire to burst?

a. The mass of the gases inside the tire increased.

b. The amount of the gases inside the tire increased.
c. The high temperature caused a decrease in the tire’s volume.
d. The volume of gases inside the tire increased due to high temperature.

2. Which of the following gas laws explains the relationship between the volume of
the gas and the number of moles of gas present at a constant temperature and
pressure?

a. Boyle’s Law c. Avogadro’s Law

b. Charles’ Law d. Combined Gas Law

3. What will be the final volume of a 5.00 L helium gas with 1.00 mole at 30.0 0C and
1.00 atmosphere, if the amount of this gas is increased to 2.00 moles provided
that temperature and pressure remain unchanged?

a. 0.40 L b. 0.50 L c. 9.00 L d. 10.0 L

4. Which of the following gas laws explains the relationship between the volume,
pressure, temperature, and the number of moles of gases?

a. Charles’ Law c. Avogadro’s Law

b. Ideal Gas Law d. Combined Gas Law

5. What is the pressure exerted by 0.300 mole of gas contained in an 8.00 L vessel
at 18.0 0C?

a. 0.896 atm b. 0.898 atm c. 8.96 atm d. 8.98 atm

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 Looking Back

Mark My Word!

You learned from the previous module the different properties of gases and their
relationships with one another. Let us check if you still remember those terms by
arranging the jumbled letters in each item below to form the CORRECT WORD/S being
defined or described.

1. It refers to the space that matter occupies.

L E V M U O

2. It refers to the force per unit area.

U R E P S E R S

3. It is the measure of the hotness or coldness of matter.

E U M P T R A T E R E

4. It states that, “as the temperature is kept constant, the volume (V) of a fixed
amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure (P)”.

L S Y B E O W L A

5. It states that, “when pressure is kept constant, a fixed amount of gas increases
its volume as its temperature increases”.

L H S R C E A A W L

Brief Introduction
Do you ever wonder why you can smell perfume from a distance? Perfume
diffuses very easily because of the fast movement of molecules. Have you asked yourself
what causes the pressure in automobile tires? The collision of the air molecules with
the tire walls and the rapid back-and-forth motion of gas particles which keep the walls
distended maintain the pressure in tires.

To help us explain the behavior of gases, we use a model known as the kinetic
molecular theory. This model pictures each gas molecule as tiny particle that behaves
much like a billiard ball. The word kinetic refers to the motion of the molecules, which
are constantly moving, flying about in all directions. A molecule will collide with any
object in its path, such as another molecule or the sides of the container. When it
collides with an object, it bounces away in another direction, like a billiard ball.

The principal assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory are:

1. Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from one molecule to another
molecule are far greater than the molecules’ dimensions. These molecules are
so small that their mass and volume are considered to be insignificant.

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 2. Gas molecules are always in constant random motion and they frequently
collide with one another and with the walls of the container. Collisions among
molecules are perfectly elastic, that is, energy may transfer from one molecule
to molecule as the result of collision but the total energy of all the molecules
in the system remains the same/constant.

3. Attractive and repulsive forces between gas molecules are so weak that they
are considered to be insignificant.

4. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly related to its

temperature.

Activity 1
Don’t Get Me Wrong!
Objective: At the end of the activity, you should be able to cite and describe each
Kinetic Molecular Theory assumption and cite instances wherein KMT are
observed in life experiences (ex. discuss the KMT on hot air balloons, etc.)

A. Directions: Write TRUE if the postulate in each item below is accurate and FALSE
if the postulate is flawed.

1. The size of the molecules affects the total volume of the gas.
2. The average kinetic energy of a molecule at a given temperature is constant.
3. There are insignificant attractive or repulsive forces between molecules.
4. Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic, that is, no energy is gained
nor lost during the collision.
5. A gas consists of a collection of small particles traveling in straight line motion
and obeying Newton’s Laws.

B. Directions: Given are situations that show the behavior of gases. Write the kinetic
molecular theory assumption being described in each number.

Situations Assumptions
1. A student can still inflate a balloon with air

2. Tires of motor vehicles usually burst during summer

3. An empty balloon will eventually expand once heated

Activity 2
Show Me What You’ve Got!
Objectives: At the end of the activity, you should be able to:

a. show the relationship between volume and the number of moles of a gas
(Avogadro's Law) by using data/videos/simulation/graph/etc.; and
b. calculate for each unknown on volume and number of moles relationship.

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Avogadro’s Law: Volume and Number of Moles

In this activity, you will consider how properties of a gas change when there is a
change in number of moles. For instance, when you blow up a balloon, its volume
increases because of the addition of air molecules. If a balloon is deflated and some of
the air leak out, its volume decreases.

In 1811, Amedeo Avogadro hypothesized that the volume of a gas is directly

related to the number moles when the pressure and temperature are not changed. The
gas law was identified as Avogadro’s Law in honor of him. If the moles of a gas are thus
doubled, then volume will double also at constant pressure and temperature.

Mathematically, this law can be expressed as:

where: V1 is the initial volume
V1 V2
= or V1n2 = V2n1 V2 is the final volume
n1 n2 n1 is the initial number of moles
n2 is the final number of moles

Sample Problem: A balloon containing 2.00 moles of helium has a volume of 880.0 mL.
What is the new volume after 6.00 moles of helium are added to the
balloon at the same pressure and temperature?

Given: n1 = 2.00 mol n2 = 6.00 mol V1 = 880.0 mL

Required: V2 = ?
V1n2
Equation: V1n2=V2n1 → V2 =
n1

Solution: (880.0 mL) (6.00 mol)

V2 =
2.00 mol

Answer: = 2 640 mL

A. Directions: Calculate the volume in (L/mol) based on the following data on

Avogadro’s hypothesis

Volume (L) Number of Moles (mol) V/n (L/mol)

2.50 0.5
5.00 1.0
7.50 1.5
10.00 2.0
12.50 2.5

B. Directions: Construct a line graph of volume-mole in your answer sheet

y
Guide Questions:
No. of moles (mol)

Q1. What have you noticed with your

answers?

Q2. What relationship exists between

the volume and the number of moles?

Volume (L)

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 Activity 3
We’re All In This Together!
Objective: At the end of the activity, you should be able to describe how Ideal Gas
Equation was derived and calculate for each unknown on the Ideal Gas
Equation.

Ideal Gas Equation

The ideal gas law was based on experimental measurements of the properties of
gases. You have used four variables in calculations involving gases: volume (V), pressure
(P), temperature (T), and number of moles (n).

Recall the different gas laws:

Boyle’s Law: V  1/P (n and T are constant)

Charles’ Law: VT (n and P are constant)
Avogadro’s Law: Vn (P and T are constant)

Combining the three laws, you will get:

nT
V 
P
Using the sign of equality will result to this equation:
RnT where: V = volume in liters
V = or PV = nRT P = pressure in atmosphere
P
n = moles
T = temperature in Kelvin
R = universal gas constant
(0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)

Sample Problem: What is the volume of a container that can hold 0.50 mole of gas at
25.0 0C and 1.25 atm? (R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)

Given: P = 1.25 atm n = 0.50 mol T = 25.0 0C + 273.15 = 298.15 K

Required: V =?
nRT
Equation: PV = nRT → V =
P
Solution: (0.50 mol) (0.0821 L.atm/mol.K) (298.15 K)
V=
1.25 atm
Answer: = 9.8 L

Directions: Solve the following problems using GRESA and answer the last question.

1. Calculate the pressure exerted by a 0.25 mole sulfur hexafluoride in a steel vessel
having a capacity of 1 250 mL at 70.0 0C.
2. Fermentation of glucose produces gas in the form of carbon dioxide. How many moles
of carbon dioxide is produced if 0.78 L of carbon dioxide at 20.1 0C and 1.00 atm was
collected during the process?
3. How was the ideal gas equation derived? Explain.

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 Check Your Understanding
Let’s Synthesize!
Directions: Use the information bank to complete the concept map below.

Information Bank
Avogadro’s Law Ideal Gas Law Pressure Properties Temperature

Gases

have

1.

can be explained by

Kinetic Molecular Theory

explains the effect of change in

Number of Moles 2. Volume 3.

Charles’ Law Boyle’s Law

4.

5.

Remember
● The laws and other observations of the nature of gases led to the accepted model
of behavior known as the kinetic molecular theory. The gas laws require the
use of the Kelvin temperature scale.

Table 1. Gas Laws’ Equations and Gas Properties’ Relationship

Gas Law Equation Relationship Meaning Constant
Boyle’s V1P1 = V2P2 V  1/P V↑ P↓ T,n
Charles’ V1/T1 = V2/T2 VT V↑ T↑ P,n
Avogadro’s V1n2 = V2n1 V  ntotal V↑ ntotal↑ T,P
Ideal PV = nRT PV  ntotalT PV↑ ntotal↑ R

Table 2. Gas Laws Symbols and their Meanings

V = volume n = moles ↑ = quantity increases
T = temperature ntotal = total moles ↓ = quantity decreases
P = pressure 1 = used as a subscript, means initial condition
R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K 2 = used as a subscript, means final condition

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 Post-test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on your
answer sheet.

1. According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, which of the following statements is NOT

TRUE about gases?

a. Gases consist of tiny molecules.

b. Gas molecules are never attracted with other gas molecules.
c. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly related to its
temperature.
d. Gas molecules move randomly in different directions, continuously colliding
with one another.

2. What is the relationship between the volume and the number of moles at constant
temperature and pressure?

a. direct square c. directly proportional

b. inverse square d. inversely proportional

3. What will be the final volume of 85 mL of 2.0 moles of H2, if the amount of gas is
increased to 4.0 moles provided that the temperature and pressure remain
constant?

a. 0.07 L b. 0.10 L c. 0.17 L d. 1.70 L

4. What does the equation PV = nRT represent?

a. Boyle’s Law c. Ideal Gas Law

b. Charles’ Law d. Combined Gas Law

5. A sample of liquid acetone is placed in a 25.0 mL flask and vaporized by the

heating to 75.00C at 1.02 atm. The vapor weighs 5.87 g. Calculate the number of
moles of the acetone.

a. 8.92 x 10-2 mole of acetone c. 8.92 x 10-6 mole of acetone

b. 8.92 x 10-4 mole of acetone d. 8.92 x 10-8 mole of acetone

Reflection
One-On-One!
Directions: Recall what you have learned in this module and answer the question in
each box.

What have I learned? How could it be significant to me?

___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________

Encircle your reaction or feeling after going through this module

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 Grade 10 Science I 4th Quarter I Week 2 I GASES all that MATTER

ANSWER SHEET

Pre-test Looking Back Post-test

1. ________ 1. _____________________ 1. ________

2. ________ 2. _____________________ 2. ________
3. ________ 3. _____________________ 3. ________
4. ________ 4. _____________________ 4. ________
5. ________ 5. _____________________ 5. ________

Activity 1
-
B. Assumptions
A. TRUE OR
FALSE
1.
1. __________
2. __________ 2.
3. __________
4. __________
5. __________ 3.

Activity 2

A. V/n (L/mol) Guide Questions

1.
2. Q1.
3. _______________________________
_______________________________
4.
_______________________________
5.
_______________________________
B. Graph of volume-mole _______________________________
y _______________________________

Q2.
_______________________________
No. of moles (mol)

_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
x
Volume (L)

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 Grade 10 Science I 4th Quarter I Week 2 I GASES all that MATTER

ANSWER SHEET

Activity 3

1. 2.
G:___________________________________ G:___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
R:___________________________________ R:___________________________________
E:___________________________________ E:___________________________________
S:___________________________________ S:___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
A:___________________________________ A:___________________________________

3.
______________________________________ Check Your Understanding
______________________________________
______________________________________ 1. __________________________
______________________________________ 2. __________________________
______________________________________ 3. __________________________
______________________________________ 4. __________________________
______________________________________ 5. __________________________

Reflection

What have I learned? How could it be significant to me?

___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________

Encircle your reaction or feeling after going through this module

Congratulations!
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