EASY

1. Which of the following electronic devices aid a critical patient from breathing?
a. Oxygen humidifier
b. Defibrillator machine
c. Pulse oximeter
D. VENTILATOR MACHINE
Rationale: A ventilator is a device that supports or takes over the breathing process, pumping air into the lungs.

2. Nursing Informatics is a specialization in nursing that focuses on the use of data and information to enhance
nursing practice, administration, education, and research. In what year did the American Nurses Association
(ANA), recognized informatics as a specialization in nursing?
a. 1972
b. 1982
C. 1992
d. 2002
Rationale: Nursing Informatics has been officially named a specialization in nursing by the American Nurses
Association (ANA) since 1992 (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018, p. 107).
3. It is the systematized collection of patient and population electronically stored health information in a digital
format.
a. Case Management Information Record
B. ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD
c. Management Information Systems
d. Decision Support Systems
Rationale: An Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient’s medical history that is
maintained by a healthcare provider and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that a
patient’s care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, vital signs and others [
CITATION USD20 \l 1033 ].

4. It refers to the use of information technology in the provision of nursing services whenever physical distance
exists between patient and nurse, or between any number of nurses.
a. Nursing Informatics
B. TELENURSING
c. Call Center Nursing
d. Virtual Nursing
Rationale: Telenursing also refers to o the use of telecommunications and information technology in the
provision of nursing services whenever a large physical distance exists between patient and nurse, or between
any number of nurses. As a field, it is part of telehealth, and has many points of contacts with other medical and
non-medical applications, such as telediagnosis, teleconsultation, telemonitoring, etc.

5. The smallest possible piece of data utilized in computer processing is the:

A. BIT
b. zettabyte
c. byte
d. nibble
Rationale: The smallest piece of data utilized in computer processing is the bit (binary digit), which comprises
zeros (off) and ones (on). Four bits equal one nibble, eight bits equal one byte, 1024 bytes equal one kilobyte,
1024 kilobytes equal one megabyte, and 1024 megabytes equal one gigabyte. (Note, these measurements are
often rounded down to 1000). Bits are used to
 describe transmission speed and bytes are used to describe storage, so there may be some confusion regarding
the terms.

MEDIUM

1. Karen, the chief nursing officer of St. Elizabeth hospital, was asking for a computerized system that is designed
to meet the information needs on patient information processing and patient registration. She is referring to
what system?
a. Records management
b. Patient information management
c. Health management
D. CLINICAL AND HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
Rationale: A Clinical/ health information system refers to a system designed to manage healthcare data.
This includes systems that collect, store, manage and transmit a patient's electronic medical record
(EMR), a hospital's operational management or a system supporting healthcare policy decisions.

2. An act protecting individual personal information in information and communications systems in the
government and private sector, creating for this purpose a National Privacy Commission, and for other
purposes.
A. DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012
b. Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
c. Philippine Identification System Act
d. eHealth System and Services Act
Rationale: In 2012, the Philippines passed Republic Act No. 10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA)
“to protect the fundamental human right to privacy of communication while ensuring free flow of
information to promote innovation and growth [and] the [State’s] inherent obligation to ensure that
personal information in information and communications systems in government and in the private
sector are secured and protected”.

3. It is a major component of information network developed by the Department of Health (DOH) in 1989 and
was designated as national health statistics as per Executive Order 352.
a. Nursing Informatics
b. Telenursing
C. FIELD HEALTH SERVICES INFORMATION SYSTEM
d. Electronic Health Record
Rationale: The Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS) provides the Department of Health
(DOH) with management information on several public health programs from the Barangay Health
Stations, municipality, province, cities and regions since 1989. It is the official system of the DOH,
designated as national health statistics as per Executive Order
352. [ CITATION Dep09 \l 1033 ],

4. A diabetic patient takes his blood sugar every day and relays this information using the household telephone
jack to a central server location. He is most likely using a:
a. personal emergency response system.
B. PERIPHERAL BIOMETRIC DEVICE.
c. sensor and activity monitoring system.
d. real-time telehealth system.
Rationale: Peripheral biometric devices are telecommunications-ready measurement devices, such as
blood pressure cuffs and blood glucose meters, which typically use the household telephone jack to
transmit patient data to a central server location.

5. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative approach to obtaining user feedback about a computer
information system?
a. Obtaining error rates from the database
b. Surveying with a ranking scale
c. Obtaining usage from the datable
 D. CONDUCTING ONE-ON-ONE INTERVIEW
Rationale: A one-on-one interview is an example of a qualitative research approach to obtaining user
feedback about a computer information system. Qualitative data are narrative rather than numerical
(quantitative) although some quantitative approaches may be applied to qualitative data.

HARD

1. The Theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing is the only middle-range nursing theory that
specifically addresses technological knowing within the harmonious coexistence of nursing, technology, and
caring. Conceptualized by a Filipino nurse in 2005, this practice theory is focused on “knowing persons,” with
key elements of technological knowing, designing, and participative engaging.

Question: Who conceptualized the Theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing?

a. Carmelita Divinagracia
b. Vicente Lacorte
c. Letty Kuan
D. ROZZANO LOCSIN
Rationale: The theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (TCCN) was developed by
Locsin (2005) to guide the expression of TCCN among practicing nurses.
• Carmelita Divinagracia - COMPOSURE Model
• Sr. Letty Kuan - Retirement and Role Discontinuity Model
• Vicente Lacorte III – PhD in Nursing Student of NDDU/ PNA Sultan Kudarat VP

2. Nursing Informatics is a specialty in nursing that is supported with different theoretical foundations. The Social
Learning Theory is an adult learning theory based on the idea that:
a. person’s behavior is focused on conscious goals and intended outcomes.
B. A PERSON’S BEHAVIOR IS BASED ON EXPECTANCY AND THE LEARNER’S OPINION OF
THE OUTCOME.
c. person’s behavior is learned by watching others.
d. a person’s behavior is controlled by the consequences.
Rationale: The Social Learning Theory is based on the idea that adults learn by watching the behaviors
of other adults. When a person’s behavior is controlled by the consequences, this is known as
Reinforcement Theory. The Goal Setting Theory talks about conscious goals determining behavior, while
the Expectancy Theory focuses on what the person expects.

3. If the informatics nurse is concerned that a computer system may not function well during peak times of access,
the type of testing needed is:
a. functional testing
b. black box testing
c. system integration testing
D. LOAD/VOLUME TESTING
Rationale: The type of testing needed is load/volume testing. This is a non-functional testing for
reliability that assesses the ability of the system to function under various loads, such as at peak times
when multiple users in multiple departments are accessing the system. The purpose of load/volume
testing is to determine the maximum load capacity and to identify the load at which problems begin to
occur. Testing is done at both the safe working load (SWL) and above the SWL.

4. A staff nurse having computer access to health care information such as trauma history, vital signs, and current
treatments, in summary form with graphics depicting trends, is an example of:
A. CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM.
b. artificial intelligence.
c. a point of care system.
d. healthcare technology.
Rationale: Clinical decision support systems are computer software applications that match patient
characteristics with a knowledge base to generate specific care recommendations.
 5. Patricia Benner's Level of Experience Model said that every nurse must be able to continuously exhibit the
capability to acquire skills (like computer literacy parallel with nursing knowledge) and then demonstrate
specific skills beginning with the very first student experience. The five levels of expertise in the BENNER’S
MODEL include novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.

Which of the following best describes a nurse who has enhanced in the field of nursing informatics and is able to
manage clinical problems alone and without the help of anyone?
a. Novice
b. Advanced Beginner
c. Competent
d. Proficient
e. Expert
Rationale: Competent is defined as an enhanced mastery and the ability to cope with and manage many
contingencies. They are the one who have enhanced in the fields and are able to manage clinical problems
alone and without help.
• Novice they are the new graduates of nursing profession they are able to work alone yet still so much to
learn.
• Advanced Beginners they are the new graduates of nursing profession they are able to work alone yet
still so much to learn.
• Proficient nurse – they are the one that are becoming expert in the field and who continues to practice
skills combing knowledge and wisdom as one.
• Expert – they are the one who is really expert in the field and has been working in longest time in the
clinical area they have mastered everything and able to deal the situation immediately without problem.

1. In which step are plans formulated for solving community problems?

Mobilization
Community organization
Follow-up/extension
Core group formation

2. Public health, the nurse takes an active role in community participation. What is the primary goal of community
organizing?

To educate the people regarding community health problems

To mobilize the people to resolve community health problems
To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems
To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems

3. An indicator of success in community organizing is when people are able to

Participate in community activities for the solution of a community problem

Implement activities for the solution of the community problem
Plan activities for the solution of the community problem
Identify the health problem as a common concern

4. Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history of disease?

Pre-pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
Prodromal
Terminal

5. Measles is a childhood infection caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family and it is normally passed
through direct contact and through the air. Isolating a child with measles belongs to what level of prevention?

Primary
 Secondary
Intermediate
Tertiary

6. On the other hand, Operation Timbang is prevention.

Primary
Secondary
Intermediate
Tertiary

7. Which type of family-nurse contact will provide you with the best opportunity to observe family dynamics?

Clinic consultation
Group conference
Home visit
Written communication
8. The typology of family nursing problems is used in the statement of nursing diagnosis in the care of families.
The youngest child of the de los Reyes family has been diagnosed as mentally retarded. This is classified as a:

Health threat Health deficit

Foreseeable crisis Stress point
Answer: (B) Health deficit.

9. The de los Reyes couple have a 6-year old child entering school for the first time. The de los Reyes family has
a:Health threat Health deficit Foreseeable crisis Stress point
Answer: (C) Foreseeable crisis.
10. Which of the following is an advantage of a home visit?

It allows the nurse to provide nursing care to a greater number of people. It provides an
opportunity to do first hand appraisal of the home situation.
It allows sharing of experiences among people with similar health problems.
It develops the family’s initiative in providing for health needs of its members.’
Answer: (B) It provides an opportunity to do first hand appraisal of the home situation..

11. Which is CONTRARY to the principles in planning a home visit?

A home visit should have a purpose or objective. The plan should

revolve around family health needs.
A home visit should be conducted in the manner prescribed by the RHU. Planning of
continuing care should involve a responsible family member.
Answer: (C) A home visit should be conducted in the manner prescribed by the RHU.
12. The PHN bag is an important tool in providing nursing care during a home visit. The most important principle
of bag technique states that it

Should save time and effort.

Should minimize if not totally prevent the spread of infection.
Should not overshadow concern for the patient and his family.
May be done in a variety of ways depending on the home situation, etc.
Answer: (B) Should minimize if not totally prevent the spread of infection. Bag technique is performed before
and after handling a client in the home to prevent transmission of infection to and from the client.

13. To maintain the cleanliness of the bag and its contents, which of the following must the nurse do?

Wash his/her hands before and after providing nursing care to the family members.
In the care of family members, as much as possible, use only articles taken from the bag.
Put on an apron to protect her uniform and fold it with the right side out before putting it back into the bag.
At the end of the visit, fold the lining on which the bag was placed, ensuring that the contaminated side is on the outside.
Answer: (A) Wash his/her hands before and after providing nursing care to the family members. Choice B
goes against the idea of utilizing the family’s resources, which is encouraged in CHN. Choices C and D goes
against the principle of asepsis of confining the contaminated surface of objects.

14. The public health nurse conducts a study on the factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart
disease in the municipality where she works. Which branch of epidemiology does the nurse practice in this situation?
Descriptive
Analytical
Therapeutic Evaluation
Answer: (B) Analytical. Analytical epidemiology is the study of factors or determinants affecting the patterns
of occurrence and distribution of disease in a community.

15. Which of the following is a function of epidemiology?

Identifying the disease condition based on manifestations presented by a client

Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3 year old
Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3 year old client with pneumonia
Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
Answer: (D) Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood
Illness. Epidemiology is used in the assessment of a community or evaluation of interventions in community
health practice.

16. Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic?

Conducting assessment of suspected cases to detect the communicable disease

Monitoring the condition of the cases affected by the communicable disease
Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic
Teaching the community on preventive measures against the disease
Answer: (C) Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic. Epidemiology is the
study of patterns of occurrence and distribution of disease in the community, as well as the factors that affect
disease patterns. The purpose of an epidemiologic investigation is to identify the source of an epidemic, i.e.,
what brought about the epidemic.

17. The primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation is to

Delineate the etiology of the epidemic

Encourage cooperation and support of the community
Identify groups who are at risk of contracting the disease
Identify geographical location of cases of the disease in the community
Answer: (A) Delineate the etiology of the epidemic. Delineating the etiology of an epidemic is identifying its
source.

18. Which is a characteristic of person-to-person propagated epidemics?

There are more cases of the disease than expected.

The disease must necessarily be transmitted through a vector.
The spread of the disease can be attributed to a common vehicle.
There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable.
Answer: (D) There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable. A gradual or
insidious onset of the epidemic is usually observable in person-to-person propagated epidemics.

19. In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency
at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation?

Establishing the epidemic

Testing the hypothesis
Formulation of the hypothesis
Appraisal of facts
Answer: (A) Establishing the epidemic. Establishing the epidemic is determining whether there is an epidemic
or not. This is done by comparing the present number of cases with the usual number of cases of the disease at
the same time of the year, as well as establishing the relatedness of the cases of the disease.

20. The number of cases of Dengue fever usually increases towards the end of the rainy season. This pattern of
occurrence of Dengue fever is best described as

Epidemic occurrence
Cyclical variation
Sporadic occurrence
Secular variation
Answer: (B) Cyclical variation. A cyclical variation is a periodic fluctuation in the number of cases of a disease
in the community.

21. In the year 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines, together with some other countries in
the Western Pacific Region, “free” of which disease?

Pneumonic plague
Poliomyelitis
Small pox
Anthrax
Answer: (C) Small pox. The last documented case of Small pox was in 1977 at Somalia.

22. In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and about 34,968,000 females.
What is the sex ratio?

99.06:100
100.94:100
50.23%
49.76%
Answer: (B) 100.94:100. Sex ratio is the number of males for every 100 females in the population.

23. Primary health care is a total approach to community development. Which of the following is an indicator of
success in the use of the primary health care approach?

Health services are provided free of charge to individuals and families.

Local officials are empowered as the major decision makers in matters of health.
Health workers are able to provide care based on identified health needs of the people.
Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community.
Answer: (D) Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community. Primary
health care is essential health care that can be sustained in all stages of development of the community.

24. Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients would sometimes get false
negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic
examination?

Effectiveness
Efficacy
Specificity
Sensitivity
Answer: (D) Sensitivity. Sensitivity is the capacity of a diagnostic examination to detect cases of the disease. If
a test is 100% sensitive, all the cases tested will have a positive result, i.e., there will be no false negative results.

25. Use of appropriate technology requires knowledge of indigenous technology. Which medicinal herb is given for
fever, headache and cough?

Sambong Tsaang gubat

Akapulko Lagundi
Answer: (D) Lagundi. Sambong is used as a diuretic. Tsaang gubat is used to relieve diarrhea. Akapulko is
used for its antifungal property.

26. What law created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care?

R.A. 8423
R.A. 4823
R.A. 2483
R.A. 3482
Answer: (A) R.A. 8423

27. In traditional Chinese medicine, the yielding, negative and feminine force is termed

Yin Yang Qi Chai

Answer: (A) Yin. Yang is the male dominating, positive and masculine force.

28. What is the legal basis for Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines?

Alma Ata Declaration on PHC

Letter of Instruction No. 949
Presidential Decree No. 147
Presidential Decree 996
Answer: (B) Letter of Instruction No. 949. Letter of Instruction 949 was issued by then President Ferdinand
Marcos, directing the formerly called Ministry of Health, now the Department of Health, to utilize Primary
Health Care approach in planning and implementing health programs.

29. Which of the following demonstrates intersectoral linkages?

Two-way referral system

Team approach
Endorsement done by a midwife to another midwife
Cooperation between the PHN and public school teacher
Answer: (D) Cooperation between the PHN and public school teacher. Intersectoral linkages refer to working
relationships between the health sector and other sectors involved in community development.

30. The municipality assigned to you has a population of about 20,000. Estimate the number of 1-4 year old
children who will be given Retinol capsule 200,000 I.U. every 6 months.

1,500
1,800
2,000
2,300
Answer: (D) 2,300. Based on the Philippine population composition, to estimate the number of 1- 4 year
old children, multiply total population by 11.5%.

Answers and Rationales

1. Answer: (B) Community organization. Community organization is the step when community assemblies take
place. During the community assembly, the people may opt to formalize the community organization and make
plans for community action to resolve a community health problem.
2. Answer: (D) To maximize the community’s resources in dealing with health problems. Community
organizing is a developmental service, with the goal of developing the people’s self-reliance in dealing
 with community health problems. A, B and C are objectives of contributory objectives to this goal.
3. Answer: (A) Participate in community activities for the solution of a community problem. Participation in
community activities in resolving a community problem may be in any of the processes mentioned in the other
choices.
4. Answer: (D) Terminal. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation, prevention of permanent disability and
disability limitation appropriate for convalescents, the disabled, complicated cases and the terminally ill (those
in the terminal stage of a disease)
5. Answer: (A) Primary. The purpose of isolating a client with a communicable disease is to protect those who are
not sick (specific disease prevention).
6. Answer: (B) Secondary. Operation Timbang is done to identify members of the susceptible population who are
malnourished. Its purpose is early diagnosis and, subsequently, prompt treatment.
7. Answer: (C) Home visit. Dynamics of family relationships can best be observed in the family’s natural
environment, which is the home.
8. Answer: (B) Health deficit. Failure of a family member to develop according to what is expected, as in mental
retardation, is a health deficit.
9. Answer: (C) Foreseeable crisis. Entry of the 6-year old into school is an anticipated period of unusual demand
on the family.
10. Answer: (B) It provides an opportunity to do first hand appraisal of the home situation.. Choice A is not correct
since a home visit requires that the nurse spend so much time with the family. Choice C is an advantage of a
group conference, while choice D is true of a clinic consultation.
11. Answer: (C) A home visit should be conducted in the manner prescribed by the RHU.The home visit plan
should be flexible and practical, depending on factors, such as the family’s needs and the resources available to
the nurse and the family.
12. Answer: (B) Should minimize if not totally prevent the spread of infection. Bag technique is performed before
and after handling a client in the home to prevent transmission of infection to and from the client.
13. Answer: (A) Wash his/her hands before and after providing nursing care to the family members. Choice B goes
against the idea of utilizing the family’s resources, which is encouraged in CHN. Choices C and D goes against
the principle of asepsis of confining the contaminated surface of objects.
14. Answer: (B) Analytical. Analytical epidemiology is the study of factors or determinants affecting the patterns
of occurrence and distribution of disease in a community.
15. Answer: (D) Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood
Illness. Epidemiology is used in the assessment of a community or evaluation of interventions in community
health practice.
16. Answer: (C) Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic. Epidemiology is the
study of patterns of occurrence and distribution of disease in the community, as well as the factors that affect
disease patterns. The purpose of an epidemiologic investigation is to identify the source of an epidemic, i.e.,
what brought about the epidemic.
17. Answer: (A) Delineate the etiology of the epidemic. Delineating the etiology of an epidemic is identifying its
source.
18. Answer: (D) There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable. A gradual or
insidious onset of the epidemic is usually observable in person-to-person propagated epidemics.
19. Answer: (A) Establishing the epidemic. Establishing the epidemic is determining whether there is an epidemic
or not. This is done by comparing the present number of cases with the usual number of cases of the disease at
the same time of the year, as well as establishing the relatedness of the cases of the disease.
20. Answer: (B) Cyclical variation. A cyclical variation is a periodic fluctuation in the number of cases of a disease
in the community.
21. Answer: (C) Small pox. The last documented case of Small pox was in 1977 at Somalia.
22. Answer: (B) 100.94:100. Sex ratio is the number of males for every 100 females in the population.
23. Answer: (D) Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community. Primary
health care is essential health care that can be sustained in all stages of development of the community.
24. Answer: (D) Sensitivity. Sensitivity is the capacity of a diagnostic examination to detect cases of the disease. If
a test is 100% sensitive, all the cases tested will have a positive result, i.e., there will be no false negative
results.
25. Answer: (D) Lagundi. Sambong is used as a diuretic. Tsaang gubat is used to relieve diarrhea. Akapulko is used
for its antifungal property.
26. Answer: (A) R.A. 8423
27. Answer: (A) Yin. Yang is the male dominating, positive and masculine force.
28. Answer: (B) Letter of Instruction No. 949. Letter of Instruction 949 was issued by then President Ferdinand
Marcos, directing the formerly called Ministry of Health, now the Department of Health, to utilize Primary
Health Care approach in planning and implementing health programs.
29. Answer: (D) Cooperation between the PHN and public school teacher. Intersectoral linkages refer to working
relationships between the health sector and other sectors involved in community development.
30. Answer: (D) 2,300. Based on the Philippine population composition, to estimate the number of 1- 4 year old
children, multiply total population by 11.5%.