Roll No.

I
B.E. (Full-time) E N D S E M E S T E R D E G R E E E X A M I N A T I O N S , N O V / DEC 2011

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING,

Third Semester
(Regulation 2009)

EE 9203 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

T i m e : 3 hr Answer A L L questions Max. marks : 100.

PART-A ( 1 0 x 2 = 20)

1. In a s i n g l e - p h a s e a.c. circuit, the p o w e r c o n s u m e d by the load is m e a s u r e d t o b e

( 6 0 0 + 3 0 ) W . T h e load voltage is ( 1 0 0 + 10 ) V. T h e load c u r r e n t is ( 1 0 ± 2 )
A . Evaluate t h e load p o w e r factor?
2. S h o w that a = ( M e a n of s q u a r e s ) - (Square of m e a n ) .
2

3. A (0-1 ) m A P M M C a m m e t e r with coil resistance of 100 CI, is to b e e x t e n d e d as

(0-5)A a m m e t e r . E v a l u a t e the shunt resistance required.
4 . Distinguish b e t w e e n a n a.c. a n d a d.c. tachometer.
5. H o w is c r e e p i n g a v o i d e d in a n induction t y p e e n e r g y m e t e r ?
6. Just d r a w a d i a g r a m w h i c h explains the construction of a repulsion type M o v i n g
Iron A m m e t e r ? M a r k t h e important parts, s o that the d i a g r a m is self-explanatory.
7. " T h o u g h that M l i n s t r u m e n t can read both d.c. and a . c , it c a n n o t be e m p l o y e d as
a transfer i n s t r u m e n t " - W h y is it so?
8. A quartz piezo-electric crystal has a t h i c k n e s s of 2 m m a n d a voltage sensitivity
of 0.054 V - m / N . E v a l u a t e the p r e s s u r e to w h i c h it s h o u l d b e s u b j e c t e d , in o r d e r to
obtain a n o u t p u t v o l t a g e of 100 V ?
9. A thermistor, w i t h characteristics R = a R exp(b/T), exhibits a resistance of
T 0

4 0 0 0 O at 0 ° C a n d 10OOD at 5 0 ° C. Find the R at 2 5 ° C ? T

10. D r a w a block d i a g r a m s h o w i n g the functional e l e m e n t s of a n instrumentation

s y s t e m a n d illustrate the significance of e a c h e l e m e n t b y c o n s i d e r i n g ' B o u r d o n
t u b e ' as e x a m p l e ?

PART-B ( 5 x 1 6 = 80)

1 1 . i) A l o n g w i t h a n e a t s k e t c h of constructional d i a g r a m a n d derivation for deflection

t o r q u e d e v e l o p e d , e x p l a i n either P M M C type or e l e c t r o d y n a m o m e t e r type d.c.
ammeter.
ii)Explain h o w liquid level can be m e a s u r e d e m p l o y i n g resistive or capacitive
transducer arrangement. (10 + 6 )
12. a) i) Distinguish b e t w e e n 'primary s t a n d a r d f o r e m f a n d ' s e c o n d a r y s t a n d a r d f o r
emf?
(ii) A c l a s s o f 7 2 s t u d e n t s consists of 2 4 girl students a n d r e m a i n i n g boys. T h e
a v e r a g e height of t h e overall class is 153 c m a n d t h e s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n is 3.0
c m . T h e a v e r a g e h e i g h t of t h e girls, is 143 c m a n d t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g s t a n d a r d
deviation is 2.0 c m . E v a l u a t e t h e a v e r a g e height of t h e b o y s a n d t h e s t a n d a r d
deviation c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e heights of t h e boys.
iii) Using V o l t m e t e r - A m m e t e r m e t h o d , t h e r e s i s t a n c e of a resistor is m e a s u r e d .
T h e current t h r o u g h t h e resistor is varied a n d t h e following s e t s of r e a d i n g s a r e
r e c o r d e d : ( 3.09V, 1.49A ) , ( 2 . 9 1 V . 1 . 5 2 A ) , ( 2.07V.O/98A ) , ( 1.95.1.04A ) ,
( 0 . 9 3 V . 0 . 6 2 A ) a n d ( 0 . 8 9 V . 0 . 6 5 A ) . S o m e of t h e r e a d i n g s w e r e taken with
v o l t m e t e r c o n n e c t e d c l o s e r to t h e load, a n d remaining r e a d i n g s w e r e taken with
a m m e t e r being c o n n e c t e d closer to t h e load. F i n d t h e b e s t e s t i m a t e for t h e
resistance? ( 6 + 5 +5)
OR
b) i) T h e total iron l o s s e s experimentally d e t e r m i n e d at v a r i o u s f r e q u e n c i e s , with

Frequency, f Hz 1100 1400 1700 2000

Total Iron Losses, P 46 62 94 122
mW
E v a l u a t e t h e e d d y - c u r r e n t losses o c c u r r i n g at a f r e q u e n c y of 1500 Hz, after fitting
a suitable curve e m p l o y i n g least s q u a r e error.
ii) H o w is ' L l o y d - F i s h e r M a g n e t i c S q u a r e m e t h o d ' e m p l o y e d f o r t h e iron loss
measurement ?
iii) H o w d o e s a ' p o w e r factor meter' o p e r a t e ? (6+5+5)

13. a) i)A 3-cp Y - c o n n e c t e d b a l a n c e d load is s u p p l i e d by a 3-dp b a l a n c e d v o l t a g e

s o u r c e . A m m e t e r c o n n e c t e d in o n e of t h e lines reads 16 A . W a t t m e t e r reads 1.6
k W , w h e n t h e c u r r e n t coil is c o n n e c t e d in t h e R p h a s e a n d t h e voltage coil
c o n n e c t e d a c r o s s R p h a s e a n d Neutral of t h e load. W h e n t h e voltage coil is
c o n n e c t e d a c r o s s B a n d Y p h a s e s (without c h a n g i n g current coil c o n n e c t i o n ) , it
r e a d s 2.6 k W . E v a l u a t e t h e v o l t a g e of t h e supply niains.
ii) In t h e circuit s h o w n ,
t h e a.c. a m m e t e r s : A-i
reads 5 A , A r e a d s 2 A
<5> 1
2

and A 3 reads 6 A.
E v a l u a t e t h e real p o w e r 2©oO
c o n s u m e d by t h e l o a d ,
s h o w n as T. ( 1 0 + 6)

b) i) H o w is a c u r r e n t t r a n s f o r m e r different f r o m a p o w e r t r a n s f o r m e r ? A current
t r a n s f o r m e r with 5 primary turns h a s a s e c o n d a r y b u r d e n consisting o f . a
resistance of 0.16 Q, a n d a n inductive r e a c t a n c e of 0.12 Q. W h e n t h e primary
current is 2 0 0 A , t h e m a g n e t i z i n g c u r r e n t is 1.5 A a n d t h e iron-loss current is
0.4A. Evaluate t h e n u m b e r of s e c o n d a r y t u r n s required to m a k e t h e current ratio
as 1 0 0 : 1 . Derive a n y e x p r e s s i o n s u s e d .
ii) Discuss briefly t h e constructional f e a t u r e s o f a n induction t y p e e n e r g y m e t e r ?
(8 + 8 )
14. a) i) D e r i v e t h e null b a l a n c e conditions for a M a x w e l l ' s i n d u c t a n c e c a p a c i t a n c e
b r i d g e . W h e n is a H a y ' s b r i d g e preferable t o this b r i d g e ? ®

ii) C o n v e r t t h e g i v e n A n d e r s o n ' s b r i d g e into

equivalent M a x w e l l ' s bridge. A s s u m i n g that the
p a r a m e t e r s g i v e n c o r r e s p o n d to null b a l a n c e
c o n d i t i o n s , a n d u s i n g the conditions for M a x w e l l ' s
bridge that y o u h a v e derived in the first part,
evaluate and U . (8 + 8 )

OR
loo H% A - - c

b) i) Explain h o w S c h e r i n g ' s b r i d g e c a n b e u s e d for t h e m e a s u r e m e n t of the

c a p a c i t a n c e of a g i v e n capacitor?
ii) In a W e i n ' s b r i d g e , two capacitors o f e q u a l v a l u e s o f C = C = 0 . 4 7 u F are
1 2

e m p l o y e d . U n d e r b a l a n c e c o n d i t i o n s , the m e c h a n i c a l l y c o u p l e d variable pot is

R = R = 1 2 3 4 Q. T h e other b r a n c h resistances are 2 k Q a n d 1kQ . Evaluate t h e
1 2

f r e q u e n c y of t h e a.c. s o u r c e u s e d . Derive the f o r m u l a u s e d . (8 + 8)

15. a) i) A variable potential divider has a total resistance of 2 k Q a n d is f e d f r o m 10

V d c supply. T h e o u t p u t is c o n n e c t e d to a load resistance o f 5 kQ. O n e m o r e
resistance of 10 k Q is c o n n e c t e d b e t w e e n t h e variable r e s i s t a n c e k n o b a n d t h e
input point, w i t h a v i e w of minimizing the loading error. D e t e r m i n e the loading
errors for t h e w i p e r positions c o r r e s p o n d i n g to K = xi/xt = 0.25 a n d 0.75?
ii) A single strain g a u g e having resistance of 120 Q is m o u n t e d on a steel
cantilever b e a m at a distance of 0.15 m f r o m the f r e e - e n d . A n u n k n o w n force F
a p p l i e d at the f r e e - e n d produces a deflection of 12.7 m m o f the free-end. T h e
c h a n g e in t h e g a u g e resistance is f o u n d to be 0.152 Q. T h e b e a m is 0.25 m long
with a width of 2 0 m m a n d a d e p t h of 3 m m . T h e Y o u n g ' s m o d u l u s for steel is
2 0 0 G N / m . C a l c u l a t e the g a u g e factor.
2

iii) H o w w o u l d y o u e m p l o y the c o n c e p t of L V D T , w h i c h is a d i s p l a c e m e n t
transducer, f o r t h e m e a s u r e m e n t of acceleration of a m o v i n g v e h i c l e ? <€+6+4 )
OR

b) i) Explain h o w t h e differential p r e s s u r e c a n b e m e a s u r e d w i t h t h e h e l p of pairs

of u n b o n d e d strain g a u g e s attached to t h e d i a p h r a g m . S h o w h o w will you
c o n n e c t the strain g a u g e coils to f o r m a W h e a t s t o n e bridge, a n d also derive an
e x p r e s s i o n f o r t h e v o l t a g e sensitivity o b t a i n e d .
ii) Explain h o w liquid flow rate c a n be m e a s u r e d e m p l o y i n g a rotameter or
e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c f l o w m e t e r or a turbine f l o w meter. (10 + 6 )