INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In both urban and rural regions, fire poses a serious risk to human life and property. It

negatively affects individuals in two ways: directly through property damage and environmental

degradation, and directly through injuries caused by smoke or flames.

In response to these worries, several advanced devices and systems have been developed

to avoid fire damage and mitigate potential risks. These innovations include state-of-the-art fire

suppression systems, advanced smoke detectors, automated sprinklers, and flame-resistant

building materials. These devices are designed to provide early warnings, prompt response, and

effective fire suppression to prevent or minimize the destruction caused by structural fires.

Additionally, extensive studies have been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the primary

causes and factors contributing to structural fires.

Detailed analysis of fire incidents are carried out. By conducting thorough analysis of fire

incidents, information can be gathered to enhance fire prevention and response capabilities. This

includes identifying the root causes of fires, evaluating the effectiveness of current fire safety

measures, and improving emergency response plans. Such analysis is essential in identifying

potential risks and vulnerabilities, and in developing strategies to mitigate these risks.

Fire incidents can have devastating consequences, leading to loss of lives, injuries, and

extensive damage to properties. As the fire spreads, time becomes a critical factor. The impact on

human lives and properties, also have long-term environmental consequences. The loss of plant

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and animal diversity, as well as the contribution to global warming through the release of

greenhouse gases, are significant environmental concerns associated with fire incidents.

This issue prompted the researchers to come up with a device that sends early warnings,

responds quickly, and provides effective fire prevention to prevent or reduce the damage caused

by structural fires. By applying various sensors, the researchers plan to help prevent the damage

caused by fires, and with the advancement of technology this makes it efficient for the firefighters

and reduce risk to human lives.

To address these problems, the researchers invented a device called Arduino-Based Fire

Alarm Detector with IoT Connections represents a significant advancement in fire prevention and

response technology, which can provide early warnings.

Statement of the Problem:

The goal of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of Arduino-Based Fire Alarm

Device with IoT (Internet of Things) connection or ARFIDEV.

The following questions was used to guide the study:

1. Is there a significant difference between ARFIDREV and the commercial product in terms of

detecting fire and smoke?

2. Is there a significant difference in terms of putting out the fire compared to the commercial

product?

3. Is there a significant difference in terms of cost with the commercial product?

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 Statement of the Hypotheses

Alternative Hypothesis:

1. There is a significant difference between ARFIDREV and the commercial product in

terms of detecting fire and smoke.

2. There is a significant difference in terms of putting out the fire compared to the

commercial product.

3. There is a significant difference in terms of cost with the commercial product

Null Hypothesis

1. There is no significant difference between ARFIDREV and the commercial product in

terms of detecting fire and smoke.

2. There is no significant difference in terms putting out the fire compared to the

commercial product.

3. There is no significant difference in terms of cost with the commercial product.

Objectives of the Study

This study sought to determine the Arduino-Based Fire Alarm Device with IOT Connection

Specifically, this study aims:

 To determine if the Arduino-Based Fire Alarm Device with IOT Connection is

capable of detecting fire and smoke.

 To determine if the Arduino-Based Fire Alarm Device with IOT Connection is

capable of taking out the fire compared to the commercial product.

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  To determine if the Arduino-Based Fire Alarm Device with IOT Connection is

comparable with the conventional fire alarm in terms of cost.

Significance of the Study

This research study is significant in many aspects:
To the community, this study could potentially mitigate the structural damage caused
by fires.
To the Firefighters, this study may assist firefighters reduce the workload, and routine
maintenance on conventional fire extinguishers also reduces the amount of labor that needs to be
done by hand.
To the Bureau of Fire protection (BFP), this study will intend to help in detecting
fires that result from heating, cooking, and intentional fires.
To the researchers, this study may inspire other researchers to create more
environmentally friendly, effective strategies for putting out fires and minimizing their harm.

This research study would be focused on the National Science and Technology goals,
specifically, disaster mitigations.
This study relates to the UNESCO Sustainable Development Goal 3 which is Good

Health and Well-being, also Goal 7 which is Affordable and Clean Energy, and lastly Goal 11

Sustainable Cities and Communities.

For these reasons, the researchers made the decision to build a device that would assist

public and the authorities in monitoring fire incidents, particularly those that occur in homes. This

device will be called “ARFIDEV” Arduino-based Fire Alarm Device with IOT connection.

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Scope and Limitations

This study is focused on Arduino-Based Fire Alarm Device with IoT connection

capability in assisting during fire emergencies, when putting out the flame and reducing more

calamities that the fire can do by the data gathered of the sensors and uses of Internet of all things

(IoT) in contacting the nearest fire department.

This entirety of the study is done in Alaminos City National High School. This study

included the following: gathering of data, observation, planning and construction of improvised

stereotype, testing and coding of sensors and modules.

The materials that will be used is bought locally in the researchers area or bought online

in which will be chosen carefully to avoid defects. Testing is focused on comparing ARFIDEV

assist in reducing fire calamities and aiding in fast response in the fire department.

This study limits its coverage at rescuing people as the ARFIDEV detect fire emergencies and

reduce the expanding of the fire it can't aid fast enough to rescue people within the fire so they still

have to wait for the fire department

Definition of Terms

To facilitate the understanding of this study, different terms are defined here in

Arduino-Uno Board – Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14

digital input/output pins, in which this will be used to program the sensors and modules of the

Arduino Based Fire Alarm with IoT Connections.

GSM Module – A GSM Module is a device that allows electronic devices (like phones) to

communicate with each other over the GSM network. GSM is a standard for digital cellular

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communications, which means that it provides a platform for mobile devices to communicate with

each other wirelessly.

Flame Sensor – Flame sensor is a sensor designed to detect and response to presence of flame or

fire, allowing flame detection.

Smoke Sensor – A smoke sensor is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.

IoT – Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network interconnected physical devices embedded

with sensor, software, and other technologies, enabling them to collect and exchange data over the

internet. This connectivity allows for seamless communication and integration between devices,

leading to increased automation and efficiency in various applications.

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 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Fire

According to Villa et, al. (2020) Fire incidence is a big problem for every local government

unit in the Philippines. The two most detrimental effects of fire incidence are economic loss and

loss of life. To mitigate these losses, proper planning and implementation of control measures must

be done. An essential aspect of planning and control measures is prediction of possible fire

incidences. This study is conducted to analyze the historical data to create a forecasting model for

the fire incidence in Davao City. Results of the analyses show that fire incidence has no trend or

seasonality, and occurrences of fire are neither consistently increasing nor decreasing over time.

Furthermore, the absence of seasonality in the data indicate that surge of fire incidence may occur

at any time of the year.

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Fire Incidents

According to (Balahadia, 2016)are costly occurrences that may be preventable. This study

aims to analyze fire data in the City of Manila from 2011 to 2014 based on the various causes of

fires. Temporal analytical techniques complemented by geo-mapping are used to determine fire

patterns based on time, day, month and year. A total of 2,316 fire incidents were included in the

study and fires due to faulty electrical connections occurring from 6PM to 9PM emerged as the

time with the most number of fire incidents.

According to (Paunan, 2023), it was revealed that the recorded fires increased by almost

40% from April 1-26, 2023, compared to the same period last year. According to the BFP, from

only 953 fire incidents in April 2022, there were 1,332 recorded fires nationwide last April 2023.

According to Bureau of Fire and Protection (BFP) states that 3 months into 2023, the BFP

has recorded over 1,900 fire incidents in the country. This statistic is notably 21% lower than last

year’s 2,520 incidents, but fires nevertheless continue to endanger citizens as reforms and

implementation lag behind. Also another major cause of fire incidents in the country is ‘electrical

ignition’ caused by loose connection where 476 cases were recorded this year compared to the 588

reported in 2022. From 411 fire incidents due to smoking/lighted cigarettes, cigars or pipes in

2022, the number skyrocketed to 554 over the same five-month period this year. From May 1 to

22 this year, the BFP said that there were 69 fire incidents in the National Capital Region (NCR)

which is lower than the recorded 192 cases over the same period of 2022 where the damage to

property was pegged at P35,376,100 compared to the P63,220,840.87 last year.

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Property damages

According to Fuentes, K. (2023) Cebu City Fire Office information officer SFO2 Wendell

Villanueva said the figure represents a skyrocketing difference from the P516 million worth of

properties damaged by fires last year. The number is a 718 percent increase from damage logged

from incidents recorded in the city from January to December 2022. The city fire department

already recorded damage to properties estimated at P4,091,223,150, after responding to 305 fire

incidents last year , which is also higher than the 231 incidents recorded in 2022.

According to Panay News (2022) on the year 2021, BFP Region 6 recorded 858 structure

fires, 339 non-structure fires and 123 cases that involved motor vehicles.

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Firefighting robots

According to (Saturday, 2023)n, develop and implement robot are increasing for purposes

of reducing human risks, and energy, maximize time and increase profit. As alternative human and

his activities, robots researchers and industries come up with Flying, robots, wheeled robots,

legged robots, humandroid robots, underwater robots. Firefighting Systems give prevention,

extinguish, localization, or blockage of fires within enclosed spaces and installed in buildings and

rooms where the fire hazard is comparatively high. The difference between systems that are

operated automatically and according to a predetermined program and those that are actuated by

an operator; and are called automatic fire protection systems.

According to Bogue, R. (2021) the last five years have seen the commercialization of a

growing number of terrestrial firefighting robots, which are remotely controlled, all-terrain

vehicles that support fire crews operating in hazardous environments. They are equipped with

imaging and other sensors, which provide firefighters with enhanced situation awareness and

hazard warnings. Drones are being developed to fight fires in high-rise buildings. Some feature

on-board fire extinguishing materials, whereas others can elevate a fire hose to the site of the fire.

Drones equipped with advanced imaging devices are being used increasingly by firefighters to

enhance situation awareness and assist in dealing with wildfires. Technologies are being developed

that aim to increase the flight duration and payload capacity of firefighting drones.

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Structural Fire

According to Zhang, C. (2023) structural fires have been a major global issue in both

developed and underdeveloped countries. The chances of a fire in structures can be drastically

reduced by integrating fire safety measures during the structural design process. Structures made

from wood are more prone to fire outbreaks owing to the low fire performance; however, building

materials such as concrete, bricks, etc., also lose their structural integrity when exposed to higher

temperatures. Structural fires resulted in approximately 401,000 deaths per year on a global scale

from 1993 to 2020.

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 METHODOLOGY

Flowchart of Procedures

EXPERIMRNTAL RESEARCH DESIGN PROCUREMENT OF MATERIAL

(Experimental pre-test and post-test only (Arduino Uno, Jumper Wires, Smoke Sensor,
design) Fire Sensor, Lithium ion Batteries, and solar
panel, bolts, shaped plastics, metal)

ASSEMBLING OF THE BASE ASSEMBLING OF THE SENSORS

(Plastic is carefully cut in the required size and (The Arduino Uno and breadboard will be placed
shapes and to stabilize the base, metal will be inside the base and the flame sensor, smoke
use inside the base). sensor, camera sensor, and GSM module will be
connected to the Arduino Uno with jumper
wires).

CODING PROCEDURE
(codes for the project) DATA GATHERING

DATA ANALYSIS

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 Bibliography

Balahadia, F. F. (2016). Fire incidents management system in the city of Manila through geo-
mapping. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7519440.
Bogue, R. (2021). The role of robots in firefighting.
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IR-10-2020-0222/full/html.
Chavez, C. (2023). Number of PH fire incidents rises by 8.3% in first 4 months of 2023- BFP. .
https://mb.com.ph/2023/5/23/ph-fire-incidents-rises-by-8-3-in-first-4-months-of-2023-
bfp.
Fire incidents up by 718%. (2023). https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/fire-incidents-up-by-
718#google_vignette.
Fire, T. R. (2023). The Risks to Health From Fire. https://www.thebcfgroup.co.uk/health-and-
safety-pages/the-risks-to-health-from-fire.php.
Guzman, J. (2023). PH fire incidents down; casualties up -BFP. .
https://pia.gov.ph/news/2023/04/19/ph-fire-incidents-down-casualties-up-bfp.
Paunan, J. C. (2023). PH fire incidents up 40% -BFP. https://pia.gov.ph/news/2023/05/02/ph-
fire-incidents-up-40-bfp.
Saturday, A. (2023). Design and Development of an Unmanned Fire Fighting Robot.
https://www.saspublishers.com/media/articles/SJET_113_84-90_2M613bc.pdf.
Villa, M. (2020). Analysis and Forecasting of Fire incidence in Davao City.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2101/2101.00356.pdf.
Zhang, C. (2023). Review of Structural Fire Hazards, Challenges, and Prevention Strategies.
https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/6/4/137.

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