Math (III)

Lecture (3)
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Express Ur Self
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 Lecture (3)
Fourier Series
 Fourier Series
1. Periodic Function

2. Fourier Series (2-3)

3. Fourier Series with Period 2π

4. Fourier Series Examples (5-7) Joseph Fourier

(1768 – 1830)

5. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series (8-12)

 1. Periodic Function
Definition
A function f(x) is said to be periodic with period p > 0, if f(x) is defined for all real x,
and f(x + p) = f(x) for all x, where p is the smallest number satisfying this property.
 1. Periodic Function
Definition
A function f(x) is said to be periodic with period p > 0, if f(x) is defined for all real x,
and f(x + p) = f(x) for all x, where p is the smallest number satisfying this property.
 1. Periodic Function
Definition
A function f(x) is said to be periodic with period p > 0, if f(x) is defined for all real x,
and f(x + p) = f(x) for all x, where p is the smallest number satisfying this property.
Piecewise Constant Function
 2. Fourier Series Introduction

 The functions sin x and cos x are periodic with period 2, since

sin( x + 2) = sin x and cos( x + 2) = cos x

 Sin nx and Cos nx are also periodic with period 2/n.

 We shall consider f(x) = 1 as periodic with any period

 a0 + a1cos x + b1sin x + a2cos 2x + b2sin 2x is periodic with

• period 2.
 3. Fourier Series Definition
 Any continuous periodic function f(x) of period 2L can be

represented by the trigonometric series:

a0  n n
f ( x)    (an cos x  bn sin x)
2 n 1 L L
 This is also true for any piecewise continuous (has finite points of

discontinuities)periodic function f(x) of period 2L with some

conditions
 3. Fourier Series Definition
a0  n n
f ( x)    (an cos x  bn sin x)
2 n 1 L L
The Fourier coefficients are given by:
1 L
a0   f ( x)dx
L L
1 L n
an   f ( x) cos xdx
L L L
1 L
n
b   f ( x) sin
n
xdx
L L L
 4. Fourier Series with Period 2π
a0 
f ( x)    (an cos nx  bn sin nx)
2 n 1
The Fourier coefficients are given by:
1 

a   f ( x)dx
0
 

1
an   f ( x) cos nxdx
 
1 

b   f ( x) sin nxdx
n
 
5. Fourier Series Graph Examples
 6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example1: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution
 6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example1: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution
• 2L=10 → L= 5

1 L
1 0 5
3
a   f ( x)dx  [  0dx   3dx]  (5)  3
0
L L 5 5 0 5
 6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example 1: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution

• 2L=10 → L= 5
 6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example 1: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution

• 2L=10 → L= 5
 6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example 1: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution

• 2L=10 → L= 5
 7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution

• 2L=2 → L= 
 7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution
• L= 

1 

a   f ( x)dx 
0
 
 7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution
• L= 
1
an   f ( x) cos nxdx
 
 7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution
• L= 
1 

b   f ( x) sin nxdx
n
 

Integration by Parts
 7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution
• L= 
 8. Even Functions

Let f(x) be a function defined for all real x: Then f is an even

function if for all x, f(x) = f(x), i.e. the graph of f is symmetric

about the y-axis.

Even Functions

1, x2, Cos x, 5x6  2 Sin2x

L L
 f ( x)dx  2  f ( x)dx
L 0
 9. Odd Functions

Let f(x) be a function defined for all real x: Then f is an odd function

if for all x, f(x) = f(x), i.e. the graph of f is symmetric about the

origin.
Odd Functions

x, x3, Sin x, 5x7  2sin3x

L
 f ( x)dx  0
L
 10. Fourier Cosine Series for
Even Periodic Functions
If f(x) is an even periodic function with period 2L
bn= 0
a0   n 
f ( x)    an cos x
2 n 1  L 
2L
a0   f ( x)dx
L0

2L n
an   f ( x) cos xdx
L0 L
 11. Fourier Sine Series
for Odd Periodic Functions
If f(x) is an odd periodic function with period 2L
a0 = 0 & an= 0
  n 
f ( x)   bn sin x
n 1  L 

2L n
bn   f ( x) sin xdx
L0 L
 12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series for the following
function
Even , 2L= 4 , L=2
Solution Symmetric around y-axis

Fourier Cosine Series

 12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution
• L= 2 & bn= 0
Fourier Cosine Series
 12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Series for the following function

Solution
Fourier Cosine Series
• L= 2 & bn= 0
 12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series for the following
function
ODD , 2L= 4 , L=2
Solution Symmetric around Origin

Fourier Sine Series

Fourier Sine Series

 12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series for the following
function

Solution
• L= 2 & a0 = 0 & an= 0 Fourier Sine Series

Fourier Sine Series

 12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series for the following
function

Solution

Fourier Sine Series

Fourier Sine Series

 Dr/ Soaad Abd El-Badie Attia El-Afefy
( S. Abd El-Badie)

Don't 4 Get & Do All Ur Best 2 B Z Best