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Semiconductor Physics & Devices

The document discusses semiconductor physics and devices, listing textbooks on the topic. It provides an overview of semiconductor materials including elemental semiconductors like silicon and germanium as well as compound semiconductors. The document also discusses the properties and advantages of silicon for semiconductor devices.

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R Tharunish
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206 views5 pages

Semiconductor Physics & Devices

The document discusses semiconductor physics and devices, listing textbooks on the topic. It provides an overview of semiconductor materials including elemental semiconductors like silicon and germanium as well as compound semiconductors. The document also discusses the properties and advantages of silicon for semiconductor devices.

Uploaded by

R Tharunish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Semiconductor Physics & Devices

Text Books
1. S.M.Sze, Semiconductors Devices, Physics and Technology, (2/e), Wiley, 2002
2. A.S.Sedra & K.C.Smith, Microelectronic Circuits (5/e), Oxford, 2004

Reference Books
1. L.Macdonald & A.C.Lowe, Display Systems, Wiley, 2003
2. Robert Pierret, “Semiconductor Device Fundamentals,” Pearson Education, 2006
3. J.Millman and C.C.Halkias: Electronic devices and Circuits, McGraw Hill, 1976.
4. B.G.Streetman: Solid state devices, (4/e), PHI, 1995. 5. N.H.E.Weste, D. Harris, “CMOS VLSI Design
(3/e)”, Pearson, 2005.
Semiconductor materials
• Semiconductors-Materials with electrical conductivity between that of conductors &
insulators
• Conductivity between 10-8 Ω-1cm-1 and 103 Ω-1cm-1 (Resistivity between 108 Ω cm and10-3
Ω cm)
• The conductivity of a semiconductor can be varied over a wide range, by the process of
doping
• Conductivity of doped semiconductors remain almost constant over a wide range of
temperature
• These properties make semiconductors suitable for fabricating electronic devices
Elemental Semiconductors

• Semiconductors which are constituted by single species of atoms


• Fourth group elements, Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge) are elemental semiconductors
• As a semiconductor material, silicon has several advantages
• Silicon is abundant in nature. Well established procedure and technology are available
for its purification, crystal growth and processing
• Compared to germanium, silicon devices can be operated at higher temperature due to
its wider band gap
• A stable oxide (SiO2) is available for silicon which can be used
(a) as mask during fabrication process
(b) for isolation
(c) as passivation layer
(d) as gate oxide in MOSFETs
Because of these, the fabrication process is simpler for silicon devices
Compound Semiconductors
• Semiconductors which are compounds of two or more elements
• III-V compounds
• II-VI compounds
• The properties of compound semiconductors (conductivity, band gap, etc.) can be varied
by varying the percentage composition of its constituent elements.
Semiconductor Devices and Materials used for their Fabrication

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