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Thermal Analysis

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder for storage and then exits the body through the urethra. The document provides detailed information about the anatomy and function of each part of the urinary system.

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12 views14 pages

Thermal Analysis

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder for storage and then exits the body through the urethra. The document provides detailed information about the anatomy and function of each part of the urinary system.

Uploaded by

atytayn9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Urinary system
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• The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters,


urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood
to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters, urinary
bladder, and urethra together form the urinary tract,
which acts as a plumbing system to drain urine from the
kidneys, store it, and then release it during urination.
Besides filtering and eliminating wastes from the body,
the urinary system also maintains the homeostasis of
water, ions, pH, blood pressure, calcium. (Homeostasis is
an automated mechanism whereby concentrations of
chemicals and fluids within the biological systems of an
organism are stabilized).
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Wondershare
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• Blood is transported to the kidneys via the renal artery. A


system of filtration units within the kidney regulates
levels of dilution (water), salts and other small molecules
in the filtrate. Any excess or undesired products travel
through each ureter and are deposited into the reservoir of
the bladder, while purified blood re-enters the circulatory
system by way of the renal vein. Urine is stored in the
bladder until the urinary nervous system releases the
contents through the urethra and out of the body. The
passing of urine is known as micturition or urination.

The urinary system is split into the upper and lower


urinary tract. The former consists of the kidneys and
ureters, the latter of the bladder and urethra.
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Urinary System Anatomy


• Kidneys:
• The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs found along the
posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The left kidney is
located slightly higher than the right kidney because the right
side of the liver is much larger than the left side. The kidneys,
unlike the other organs of the abdominal cavity, are located
posterior to the peritoneum and touch the muscles of the back.
The kidneys are surrounded by a layer of adipose tissue that
holds them in place and protects them from physical damage.
The kidneys filter metabolic wastes, excess ions, and
chemicals from the blood to form urine.
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Structure
• At the concave medial margin of the kidney is a vertical cleft,
the renal hilum, where the renal artery enters and renal vein
and renal pelvis leave. The renal hilum is the entrance to a
space within the kidney, the renal sinus, which is occupied by
the renal pelvis, calices, vessels, and nerves and a variable
amount of fat.
• Each kidney has anterior and posterior surfaces, medial and
lateral margins, and superior and inferior poles. The renal
pelvis is the flattened funnel-shaped expansion of the superior
end of the ureter. The renal pelvis receives two or three major
calices, each of which divides into two or three minor calices.
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Wondershare
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Ureters
• The ureters are a pair of tubes that carry urine from the
kidneys to the urinary bladder. The ureters are about 25 –
30 cm in length and run on the left and right sides of the
body parallel to the vertebral column. Gravity and
peristalsis of smooth muscle tissue in the walls of the
ureters move urine toward the urinary bladder. The ends
of the ureters extend slightly into the urinary bladder and
are sealed at the point of entry to the bladder by the
ureterovesical valves. These valves prevent urine from
flowing back towards the kidneys
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Wondershare
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Urinary Bladder
• The urinary bladder is a sac-like hollow organ used for
the storage of urine. The urinary bladder is located along
the body’s midline at the inferior end of the pelvis. Urine
entering the urinary bladder from the ureters slowly fills
the hollow space of the bladder and stretches its elastic
walls. The walls of the bladder allow it to stretch to hold
anywhere from 600 to 800 milliliters of urine.
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Wondershare
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Urethra
• The urethra is the tube through which urine passes from the bladder
to the exterior of the body. The female urethra is around 4cm long
and ends inferior to the clitoris and superior to the vaginal opening.
In males, the urethra is around 20 cm long and ends at the tip of the
penis. The urethra is also an organ of the male reproductive system as
it carries sperm out of the body through the penis.
• The flow of urine through the urethra is controlled by the internal and
external urethral sphincter muscles. The internal urethral sphincter is
made of smooth muscle and opens involuntarily when the bladder
reaches a certain set level of distention. The opening of the internal
sphincter results in the sensation of needing to urinate. The external
urethral sphincter is made of skeletal muscle and may be opened to
allow urine to pass through the urethra or may be held closed to delay
urination.
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