SI.

NO Contents Page no
i Acknowledgment 2
ii Abstract 3
1 Chapter 1 4-5
Introduction
1.1 Literature survey
2 Chapter 2 6-7
Methodology
2.1 Block diagram
2.2 Circuit diagram
2.3 Result
3 Chapter 3 8-12
Hardware Components
3.1 Description of Components
3.2 Hardware implementation
4 Chapter 4 13
Conclusion
5 References 14

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our guide, Ms.Chaithra Shetty for her valuable
guidance and suggestions hence improving our knowledge.

We are grateful to Mr. Sathisha K, Head of the Department, Electrical and Electronics and the
Project Co-ordinator, Ms. Bharathi Rao for their support and encouragement.

We are indebted to our beloved Principal, Dr. Rio D'Souza and Director, Rev. Fr. Wilfred
Prakash D'Souza and the Management of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor,
Mangaluru for having provided all the facilities that helped us in timely completion of this
project.

Finally, we would like to thank all the Teaching and Non- Teaching staff of Department of
Electrical and Electronics for their valuable help and support.

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 Abstract
This project is all about Humidity & Temperature Monitoring using DHT11
& Arduino UNO. It explains how to log Humidity & Temperature data on
the cloud. We can interface Arduino UNO with DHT11 to measure
temperature and humidity. The required components are Arduino UNO and a
humidity sensor DHT11 or DHT22. In addition to this breadboard and
connecting wires are required. DHT11 sensor measures and provides
humidity and temperature values serially over a single wire. It can measure
the relative humidity in percentage (20 to 90% RH) and temperature in
degree Celsius in the range of 0 to 50 0 C. It has 4 pins, one of which is used
for data communication in serial form.

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses how hot or cold an object is.
It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the
system. It is the manifestation of thermal energy, present in all matter, which
is the source of the occurrence of heat, a flow of energy, when a body is in
contact with another that is colder or hotter. Temperature should not be
confused with heat.
Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated
in various temperature scales that historically have used various reference
points and thermometric substances for definition. The most common scales
0
are the Celsius scale (formerly called centigrade, denoted as C), the
Fahrenheit scale (denoted as OF), and the Kelvin scale (denoted as K), the
last of which is predominantly used for scientific purposes by conventions of
the International System of Units (SI).

Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor,
the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity
indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present.

Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest.

The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air
than warm air. A related parameter is the dew point. The amount of water
vapor needed to achieve saturation increases as the temperature increases.

Accuracy of temperature and humidity sensors:

The accuracy of different temperature and humidity sensors differ from each
other. For example, the DHT11 humidity sensor has an accuracy of 5%
capable of measuring the humidity up to 80 percent and its temperature
sensor has a 2-degree accuracy with the ability to measure up to 50 degree
Celsius. That is why for industries that are highly sensitive to keeping the
temperature and humidity at a certain level, sensors with high accuracy are
used because they provide more accurate and more reliable data. For example,
meteorological and scientific research departments need sensors with full
humidity measurement ranging from zero to 100 percent relative humidity.

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Humidity and temperature sensor applications:
They help the patients who have trouble breathing by enabling them to keep
the humidity and the temperature of the place at the optimum level. They are
used to predict weather conditions as weather stations use these sensors too.
They can be used in heating systems, ventilation systems and even air
conditioning systems. These sensors can also be used for greenhouses where
the humidity values should be checked constantly. Museums can benefit from
them as well since the artifacts and the objects in these places should be kept
under certain conditions.
1.1 Literature survey
Internet of Things (IOT) plays a pivotal part in our day to day life by
controlling electronic devices using networks. The controlling is done by
minutely observing the important parameters which generate vital pieces of
information concerning the functioning of these electronic devices.
Simultaneously, this information will transmit these vital statistics from the
transmitting device as well as save the same on the cloud to access by the
applications and supplementary procedures to use them. This scrutiny
associates the outcomes of the environmental observances like the humidity
and temperature measurements using sensors. The gathered information
could be profitably used to produce actions like distantly dominant cooling,
heating devices, or long term statistics, which will be useful to control the
same. The detected data are uploaded to the cloud storage through network
and associate using android application. The system employs DHT11
temperature and humidity sensor device. The experimental results show the
live temperature and humidity of the surroundings using the Arduino UNO.
DHT11 is mainly used here for checking the temperature and humidity
through a thermistor and a capacitive humidity sensor element respectively.
The sensors are used for measuring the temperatures from the surroundings,
storing displayed information with different devices. Here LCD display has
been used to give the output.

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Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
1. The DHT11/DHT22 library is downloaded from GitHub and it is added to the library
manager.
2. The relevant program is entered onto the Arduino UNO.
3. ESP- 12E board is selected from the board manager.
4. After this, we compile the code and upload it to Arduino board.
5. Finally output is displayed in 16*2 LCD display.

2.1 Block diagram

Fig 2.1.1 Block diagram

The temperature sensor can detect the temperature of the object or the environment, and
convert these changes into electrical signals that can be interpreted and analysed.
The humidity sensor mainly measures the humidity of the environment and objects and
uploads it to the display.
Microcontroller are small, self-contained computer system that can be programmed to control
and monitor other devices.

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2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 2.2.1 Circuit diagram

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The sensor unit measures the temperature & humidity of the considered location & sends a
signal to the controller. The controller process the information obtained and displays on LCD
display.

2.3 RESULT

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12:23 12:25

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 Chapter 3
HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Table 3: Description of components

SL.NO. COMPONENT NAME DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

1. Aurdino UNO Arduino Uno R3 1

ATmega328P

2. DHT11 Sensor DHT11 Humidity and 1

Temperature Sensor

3. Connecting Wires Jumper Wires 10

4. Breadboard 1

5. LCD display 16*2 LCD display

3.1 Description of Components

1. The Arduino UNO
Overview:
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the
Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by
Arduino.cc and initially released in 2010. The board is equipped with sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O
pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable
with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B
USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector that
accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery.
It has the same microcontroller as the Arduino Nano board, and the same

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headers as the Leonardo board. The hardware reference design is distributed
under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is
available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some
versions of the hardware are also available.

Figure3.1.1 Arduino UNO

2. DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor:

The DHTII is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor.
It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor, that is a type of resistor
whose resistance is strongly dependent on temperature, more so than in
standard resistors; to measure the temperature and humidity of the
surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input
pins needed), which can be displayed on LCD display.lt is fairly simple to use,
but requires careful timing to grab data. The only real downside of this sensor
is that we can only get new data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using
this sensor, the readings can be up to 2 seconds.

Figure 3.1.2 DHT11 sensor

3. LCD Display
The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic

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display module used in an extensive range of applications like various
circuits & devices like mobile phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc.
These displays are mainly preferred for multi-segment light-emitting diodes
and seven segments. The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive;
simply programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying
custom characters, special and even animations, etc.

The LCD pinout is shown below:

Pin1 (Ground/Source Pin): This is a GND pin of display, used to

connect the GND terminal of the microcontroller unit or power
source.
Pin2 (VCC/Source Pin): This is the voltage supply pin of the
display, used to connect the supply pin of the power source.
Pin3 (VO/VEE/Control Pin): This pin regulates the difference of
the display, used to connect a changeable POT that can supply 0
to 5 V.
Pin4 (Register Select/Control Pin): This pin toggles among
command or data register, used to connect a microcontroller unit
pin and obtains either 0 or 1 (0 data mode, and 1 = command
mode).
Pin5 (Read/Write/Control Pin): This pin toggles the display
among the read or writes operation, and it is connected to a
microcontroller unit pin to get either 0 or I (0 = Write Operation,
and I = Read Operation).
Pin 6 (Enable/Control Pin): This pin should be held high to
execute Read/Write process, and it is connected to the
microcontroller unit & constantly held high. Pins 7-14 (Data Pins):
These pins are used to send data to the display. These pins are
connected in two-wire modes like 4-wire mode and 8-wire mode.
In 4wire mode, only four pins are connected to the microcontroller
unit like 0 to 3, whereas in 8-wire mode, 8-pins are connected to
microcontroller unit like 0 to 7.

Figure 3.1.3 LCD display

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 4. Breadboard:

A breadboard, solderless breadboard, protoboard or terminal array board is a construction

base used to build semi-permanent prototypes of electronic circuits. Unlike stripboard
(Veroboard), breadboards do not require soldering to tracks and are hence reusable. For this
reason, breadboards are also popular with students and in technological education. A variety
of electronic systems may be prototyped by using breadboards, from small analog and digital
circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).
Compared to more permanent circuit connection methods, modern breadboards have high
parasitic capacitance, relatively high resistance, and less reliable connections, which are subject
to jostle and physical degradation. Signaling is limited to about 10 MHz, and not everything
works properly even well below that
frequency.

Figure 3.1.4 Bread board

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5. Connecting Wires:
➢ Male-male, female-male, female-female jumper wires are used.

Figure 3.1.5 Jumper wires

3.2 Hardware Implementation

Figure 3.2.1: Physical realization of the project

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Chapter 4
CONCLUSION

Thus, we have learned to monitor DHT11 Temperature and Humidity data

with Arduino UNO on the Thingspeak server. We have successfully carried
out our mini project work by making effective use of the above mentioned
components.

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 REFERENCES

1. https ://how2electronics.com/dht 1 1 -humidity-temperature-nodemcu-thingspeak/

2. https://thingspeak.com/channels/1791292/private show

3. https : //theiotproj ects.com/dht 1 1 -temperature-and-humidity-monitor-with- nodemcuon-

thingspeak/

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NodeMCU

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