VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama,” Belagavi-590 018

Internship Report
On
“EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND IOT”

submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted by
KARTHIK K RATHOD
USN: 1MV20EE034

Under the Guidance of

Internal Guide External Guide

Dr. R. Sivapriyan Mr. Mallikarjun Kumbar
Associate Professor, Director,
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Take It Smart (OPC) Pvt Ltd,
Sir. MVIT, Bengaluru. Vijayanagar, Bengaluru.

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Off International Airport Road, Krishnadevaraya Nagar, Bengaluru – 562157

2023-2024
 SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Off International Airport Road, Krishnadevaraya Nagar, Bengaluru – 562157

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the internship entitled “EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND IOT” carried out by Mr. KARTHIK
K RATHOD USN: 1MV20EE034, a bonafide student of SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, Bengaluru in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical & Electronics Engineering of the VisvesvarayaTechnological
University, Belagavi during the year 2023-2024. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated
for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the department library. The
internship report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of internship work
prescribed for the above-mentioned degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Dr. R. Sivapriyan Dr. Suresh H L Prof. Rakesh S G

EXTERNAL VIVA

Name of Examiners Signature with Date

1.
2.
 SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Off International Airport Road, Krishnadevaraya Nagar, Bengaluru – 562157

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the internship work entitled “EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND IOT” carried out by
me and submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year
2023-2024. The matter embodied in this internship report has not been submitted to any other
university or institute for the award of any other degree or diploma.

Place: Bengaluru KARTHIK K RATHOD

Date: 13 / 04 / 2024 USN: 1MV20EE034

i
ii
 ACKNOWLEDEGMENT

My most sincere gratitude to “SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

BENGALURU” for giving me an opportunity to pursue Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering and thus, helping me to shape the career.

I would like to express my gratitude to my external guide Mr. Mallikarjun Kumbar, Take It Smart
(Opc) Pvt Ltd, Vijayanagar, Bengaluru for giving an opportunity to do this internship within the
organization.

I would like to express my gratitude to my internal guide Dr.R.Sivapriyan, Associate Professor,

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SIR MVIT for her constant support,
encouragement and provided valuable insights leading to the completion of the internship.

I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Rakesh S G, Principal of SIR MVIT, for providing us
with a congenial environment to work in.

I would also wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Suresh H L, Professor & HOD, Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SIR MVIT for his constant support and encouragement.

I am highly indebted to Dr. C V Mohan, Associate Professor and Internship Coordinator,

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SIR MVIT for his guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the internship.

Finally, I thank and acknowledge the immense help extended by our parents, staff of Electrical and
Electronics department and friends, without whom this report would not have reached completion.

KARTHIK K RATHOD
1MV20EE034

iii
 SUMMARY

Embedded Systems are specialized computing systems designed to perform specific functions within
larger systems or devices. They are characterized by their compact size, low power consumption, and
real-time operation. Embedded systems typically consist of a microcontroller or microprocessor,
memory, and various peripherals such as sensors, actuators, and communication interfaces. They find
ubiquitous applications in consumer electronics, automotive systems, industrial automation, healthcare
devices, and more. Programming embedded systems involves low-level languages like C/C++ and
assembly language, focusing on optimizing performance, efficiency, and reliability.

IoT refers to the network of interconnected devices embedded with sensors, actuators, and
communication modules that enable them to collect, exchange, and analyze data. These devices, ranging
from smartphones and wearables to industrial machinery and smart home appliances, communicate with
each other over the internet, facilitating seamless integration and intelligent automation. IoT systems
encompass various layers, including sensors for data acquisition, connectivity protocols such as Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, and ZigBee, cloud platforms for data storage and analysis, and user interfaces for interaction.
The proliferation of IoT technology is driving innovation across diverse domains, including smart cities,
agriculture, healthcare, transportation, and environmental monitoring.

The integration of Embedded Systems and IoT represents the design and functionality of connected
devices. Embedded systems serve as the underlying hardware platforms for IoT devices, providing the
computational power, sensor interfaces, and control mechanisms necessary for data acquisition and
processing. IoT extends the capabilities of embedded systems by enabling remote monitoring, control,
and data analytics through cloud connectivity and network infrastructure. This integration enables the
development of intelligent systems capable of real-time decision-making, predictive maintenance, and
adaptive behavior in response to changing environmental conditions.

iv
 DECLARATION i
CERTIFICATE BY COMPANY ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
SUMMARY iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 COMPANY PROFILE 1
1.1 Introduction to Take It Smart (OPC) Pvt.Ltd 1
1.2 Mission Of The Organization 1
1.3 Vision of The Organization 1
1.4 Goals Of The Organization 2
1.5 Core Values 2
1.6 Certification 2
1.7 Company services 3
CHAPTER 2 DEPARTMENT 4
2.1 Embedded system department 4
2.2 System Software Department 5
2.3 Testing, Validation and Code 5
Maintenance Services
2.4 Consulting 6
2.5 Sales, Promotion and Distribution 6
Department
CHAPTER 3 TASKS PERFORMED 8
3.1 Day wise work progress 8
3.2 Week 1 8
3.2.1 Introduction to internship 8
3.2.2 Introduction to embedded system 10
3.3 Week 2 11
3.3.1 Advanced Embedded c programing 11
3.3.2 Practical Session 14

v
 3.4 Week 3 18
3.4.1 Introduction to IOT 18
3.4.3 Introduction to Robotics 20
3.5 Week 4 21
3.5.1 Password Based Door Locking System 21
Using Arduino
CHAPTER4 REFELECTION 31
CONCLUSION 33
REFERENCES 34

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES
3.1 Table 01 Task performed 8

3.2 Basic structure of embedded system 9

3.3 Architecture of Embedded system 9

3.4 Embedded System 10

3.5 Types of embedded system 10

3.6 Concept of c programming 12

3.7 Interfacing LED light with Arduino 14

3.8 Interfacing LCD light with Arduino 15

3.9 IR Sensor Interfacing 15

3.10 IR sensor serial monitor output 15

3.11 Ultrasonic sensor interfacing with 16

Arduino
3.12 Ultrasonic sensor serial monitor 16
output
3.13 Smoke senor interfacing with Arduino 17

3.14 Smoke senor serial monitor output 17

3.15 DHT sensor interfacing with Arduino 18

3.16 DHT sensor serial monitor output 18

3.17 Internet of things 19

3.18 Arduino UNO 24

3.19 4x4 Keypad matrix 25

3.20 buzzer 26

vii
 3.21 potentiometer 26

3.22 Solenoid lock 27

3.23 16x2 LCD panel 27

3.24 Circuit diagram of project 28

3.25 Flow chart of project 28

3.26 Shows to enter new password 29

3.27 Shows password is incorrect 29

3.28 Shows to enter new password 30

3.29 Shows the password accepted 30

viii
 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

CHAPTER 1
COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD

TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD, established in 2018, is a pioneer in providing high quality
competitively priced products and services to customers in Embedded Solutions for the Packaged
Products, Product Development and in Technology Solutions covering Embedded Systems and
System Software to its Global Clientele. Presently the team consists of software professionals’
experts in Technology Domain and Functional Knowledge. Quality and timely delivery being the
deliverables of TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD, we have retained Clients from the start and
are continuing in doing so with our new clients.
As an Organization, our Goal is to contribute to society through broad-ranging activities in the areas
of Software development, Training and Technical Projects.

1.2 MISSION OF THE ORGANIZATION

1. To build long term relationships with our customers and clients and provide exceptional customer
services by pursuing business through innovation and advanced technology.
2. To offer total, cost-effective, next generation embedded hardware and software solutions in the
shortest possible development time enabling our clients to launch their product ideas early.
1.3 VISION OF THE ORGANIZATION

1. To lead in embedded hardware and software solutions and be known as an electronic product
development company of repute.
2. To build strategic partnerships globally with all stakeholders - clients, vendors, and investors.
3. To stay abreast with technology and build our technical competence and domain expertise.
4. To nurture a winning team that has a passion for excellence.

5. To be the delight of our customers by achieving perfection in our processes and quality methods.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |1

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

1.4 GOALS OF THE ORGANIZATION

1. To improve, grow and become more efficient in the field electronics engineering and software
development and develop a strong base of key clients.
2. To understand customer requirements and fulfill them.
3. Increase the assets and investments of the organization to support the development of services
and expansion of the organization.
4. To increase the productivity and improve the customer service satisfaction.
5. To do Innovations in Software field and provide quality services to deliver a range of products.

1.5 CORE VALUES

 To incorporate good business practices in order to achieve customer satisfactionand treating

the customers with respect and faith.
 To grow through creativity, invention and innovation.

 To integrate honesty, integrity and business ethics into all aspects of the business
functioning.

1.6 CERTIFICATION

1. ISO Certification: ISO 9001:2015 certified for quality management systems, ensuring high
standards in software development and internship programs.
2. Start-Up India Approval: Recognized and approved by Start-Up India, reflecting the
company's commitment to innovation and entrepreneurship.
3. AICTE Registration: Registered with the All India Council for Technical Education
(AICTE), ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and guidelines in education and
training.
4. MSME Registration: Registered with the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
(MSME), highlighting the company's status as a small or medium-sized enterprise and
eligibility for government schemes and benefits.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |2

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

1.7 COMPANY SERVICES

TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD have its own services such as,
• Embedded Applications development
• Web design and development
• IT Service • Android app Development
• Web Bases Software Solutions
• Web Based ERP
• Web Based Ads Mobile Based Services:
a) Mobile Web Apps
b) Android Apps
c) Windows Apps
d) IOS Apps
e) Cross Plate forms Apps
• Native Apps
• Hybrid apps get trained for industry requirements while you pursuing degree.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |3

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

CHAPTER 2
DEPARTMENTS

2.3 EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEPARTMENT

The Embedded Systems Department within our company serves as the nucleus for
innovation, research, and development in the realm of embedded technologies. With a focus
on creating cutting-edge solutions tailored to diverse industry verticals, our department plays
a pivotal role in driving technological advancements and fostering a culture of excellence.

Key responsibilities

1. Product Development: The department spearheads the development of embedded systems

solutions, encompassing hardware design, firmware development, and software integration.
From conceptualization to deployment, our team ensures the seamless execution of projects,
meeting stringent quality standards and exceeding client expectations.

2. Research and Innovation: At the forefront of technological innovation, our department

conducts ongoing research to explore emerging trends, methodologies, and technologies in
the field of embedded systems. Through collaborative partnerships and interdisciplinary
approaches, we strive to push the boundaries of possibility and pioneer groundbreaking
solutions.

3. Collaboration with Cross-functional Teams: Collaboration lies at the heart of our

department's ethos. We work closely with cross-functional teams including hardware
engineers, software developers, and product managers to align objectives, streamline
processes, and deliver integrated solutions that address complex challenges.

4. Quality Assurance and Testing: Rigorous quality assurance and testing processes form an
integral part of our workflow. From unit testing to system validation, our team employs
robust methodologies to ensure the reliability, scalability, and security of embedded systems
solutions across diverse deployment environments.

5. Customer Engagement and Support: Our department actively engages with clients to
understand their requirements, provide technical consultation, and offer post-deployment
support. By fostering strong client relationships and delivering unparalleled service, we aim
to establish ourselves as trusted partners in their journey towards technological
transformation.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |4

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

2.2 SYSTEM SOFTWARE DEPARTMENT

The main aim of the department is always to provide total solutions to our clients.
Therefore, along with embedded solutions we also develop system software for user and
instrument interface to a PC on multiple platforms and interface technologies. They develop
custom application software such as:
1. Device Driver Development

2. Web enabling any product

3. Data base management

4. Interface to wireless modems etc.

Embedded Technology Labs is also proficient in development of device drivers for
interfacing custom hardware to computers with various operating systems. We can assist
our clients in custom protocol stack development as well. They venture into the deeply
embedded space and locate the fault so that you don't have to. (Unless you want to, in which
case, we can be your guide.) If you only want to work in the upper levels of application
space, we'll give you the API's and the measurable milestones in their development that'll
keep your overall project on track. We're fast and efficient in our coding, and we want to
give you the metrics you need to track the progress of your embedded development.

2.3 TESTING, VALIDATION AND CODE MAINTENANCE

SERVICES

Take It Smart (OPC) Pvt.Ltd verification and validation services are designed to provide
independent hardware and software testing services so that our customers can focus on
priority functions. Outsourced testing services ensure: Exceptional product quality prior to
production / market release Flexible sourcing, wherein peaks and troughs for testing are
efficiently managed testing services expertise includes:
1. Functional testing of electronics and software system components

2. Development of software test cases for verification testing

3. Compliance testing to meet industry standards

4. Development of 'Requirements Trace Matrix' to validate the functioning of all testable

requirements
5. Design and interoperability testing

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |5

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

6. Testing of embedded systems and development of automated test environments

7. Development of comprehensive problem tracking database and complete test
summary reports

Take It Smart (OPC) Pvt.Ltd offer ongoing product sustenance engineering services that
include bug fix, enhancements, maintenance and release management for several products
that range from mature products to sunset products.

2.4 CONSULTING
As a full-service organization, Take It Smart (OPC) Pvt.Ltd can offer you a complete
product development solution, or simply provide consulting services for your project.
Whether you're in need of engineering proficiency in a particular discipline or multiple
disciplines, we want to provide your organization with the expertise you need to get the job
done right the first time. Allow us to be your extended arm and we will provide the
necessary skills to complete your project. Consulting Service Options: Basic - includes
design reviews, architecture evaluations, process consulting, or reliability analysis.
Extensive - includes architecture development, product testing, user trials, or cost
reduction.

2.5 SALES, PROMOTION AND DISTRIBUTION DEPARTMENT

i. Sales department
The Sales department plays a role in driving business growth and fostering client
relationships. The main task of this department is to understanding client needs and
promoting our innovative solutions. They identify opportunities, negotiate contracts, and
ensure customer satisfaction.

ii. Promotion department

The primary goal of the department is to showcase the innovative solutions and
technologies developed by our engineering teams. We focus on effectively
communicating the features and benefits of our products to potential clients and partners.
Through targeted marketing strategies, we aim to highlight how our embedded systems
and IoT solutions can revolutionize various industries, simplifying processes and
enhancing efficiency.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |6

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

iii. Distribution department

The Distribution Department plays a crucial role in ensuring that our innovative
technologies and products reach the hands of our customers efficiently and effectively.
This department oversees the logistics, warehousing, and transportation of our embedded
systems and IoT devices, coordinating with suppliers, distributors, and retailers to ensure
timely delivery and optimal distribution channels. Their primary responsibility lies in
managing inventory, optimizing supply chains, and streamlining distribution processes to
meet customer demands and market trends. Through strategic planning and operational
excellence, the Distribution Department plays a pivotal role in driving the success and
growth of our company in the dynamic landscape of embedded systems and IoT
technologies.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |7

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

CHAPTER 3
TASK PREFORMED

3.1 DAY WISE WORK PROGRESS FOR 4 WEEKS

The following Fig 3.1 gives the brief idea on tasks performed during internship.

WEEK 1 o INTRODUCTION TO INTERNSHIP

o INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
WEEK 2 o ADVANCED EMBEDDED C/C+
PROGRAMMING
o PRACTICAL SESSION
WEEK 3 o INTRODUCTION TO IOT
o INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS
WEEK 4 o PROJECT COMPLETION
 PASSWORD PROTECTED DOOR LOCK
SYSTEM

Fig 3.1 – Table 01 Tasks performed

3.2 WEEK 1

3.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNSHIP

During the first week of my internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) Private Limited, I delved into
understanding the organization's profile and background, as outlined in Chapter 1. This report
provides a detailed overview of the tasks assigned and the work done during my internship.

The day commenced with an in-depth study of TAKE IT SMART OPC Private Limited's
organizational profile as outlined in Chapter 1. I reviewed the company's mission, vision, values,
and objectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of its strategic direction and goals.
I familiarized myself with the company's organizational structure, hierarchy, and key personnel,
as described in Chapter 1. Understanding the reporting relationships and functional areas within
the organization helped me to navigate the workplace more effectively.
Then focus on laying the foundation of embedded systems, covering the historical evolution,

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |8

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

definition, and key elements.

The figure 3.2 gives the basic structure of embedded system.
Topics covered under Embedded System

 History of Embedded C
 Definition
 Key Elements
 Difference between Controller and Processor
 Basic Structure of Embedded System
 Architecture of Embedded System
 Characteristics of Embedded System
 Categories of Embedded System
 Applications of Embedded System

Fig 3.2 Basic structure of embedded system

Fig 3.3 Architecture of Embedded system

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |9

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

3.2.2 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM:

 The combination of hardware and software either fixed in capability or programmable is

known as embedded system that is designed for a specific function.
 The figure 3.4 shows embedded systems is device used to control, monitor the operation of
equipment’s, Machinery or plant.
 “Embedded” refers to the internal part.
 The figure 3.5 shows the types of embedded system.

Fig 3.4 Embedded System

Fig 3.5 Types of Embedded System

These are classified into different steps:
Based on the Performance and Functional Requirement:

1. REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

 They are the type of systems are defined as these systems in which the truthfulness of the

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |10

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

system depends not only on the logical result computation, but also the results are produced
on time.
 Hard real-time systems (e.g., Avionic control).
 Firm real-time systems (e.g., Banking).
 Soft real-time systems (e.g., Video on demand).

2. DETACHED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

 These systems do not require a host like a computer, depends on itself.
 It takes the inputs from the either analog or digital and processes, calculates and
modified the data and gives the end data through the link device which either
controls, drives or displays the linked devices.
 Examples: mp3 music players, digital cameras, video game, microwave ovens and
temperature checkup systems.

3. NETWORKED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

 These systems are branch to a network to access the resources.
 Connected network can be LAN, WAN, or the internet.
 The connection maybe wireless or wired.
 This system is highest growing area in embedded system applications.

4. MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

 The basic limitations of these devices is the other resources and limitations.
 Mobile embedded systems are used in portable embedded devices like cell phone,
mobiles, digital cameras, mp3 players and personal digital assistants, etc.

3.3 WEEK 2
In the second week we learned the concept of Embedded C programming language on the
different concept given below.

3.3.1 ADVANCED EMBEDDED C PROGRAMING

The figure 3.6 shows the Concepts of C language.

 History of C language

 Keywords and Data types

 Modifiers and Qualifiers

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |11

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

 Operators in C

 Loops and Branching Statements

 Storage Classes
 Strings
 Structure and Union
 Functions
 Pointers and Arrays
 Memory Management
 Example Programs

Fig 3.6 Concept of C Programming

History of C Language:
Interns revisited the historical evolution of the C programming language, understanding its
origins and significant milestones. They explored how C has evolved over time to become one
of the most widely used programming languages in embedded systems development.

Keywords and Data Types:

Building upon their understanding of C language fundamentals, interns delved deeper into
keywords and data types, exploring concepts such as int, float, char, and double. They learned
how to declare variables and manipulate data using these fundamental data types.

Modifiers and Qualifiers:

Practical sessions were conducted to elucidate modifiers and qualifiers in C programming,
including signed, unsigned, short, and long. Interns learned how to apply these modifiers to data
DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |12
 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

types to specify their range and behavior.

Operators in C:
Interns explored the various operators available in the C programming language, including
arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators. They gained proficiency in
using these operators to perform mathematical and logical operations in their programs.

Loops and Branching Statements:

The week included in-depth discussions and hands-on exercises on loops and branching
statements in C, including for loops, while loops, do-while loops, if-else statements, and switch-
case statements. Interns learned how to use these control structures to implement iterative
algorithms and make decisions in their programs.

Storage Classes:
Interns delved into the concept of storage classes in C programming, including auto, extern, static,
and register. They learned about the scope, lifetime, and initialization rules associated with each
storage class, gaining insights into memory management in embedded systems.

Strings:
Practical sessions were conducted to introduce interns to string handling in C programming.
Topics covered included string declaration, initialization, manipulation, and standard library
functions for string operations. Interns learned how to work with character arrays and manipulate
strings efficiently.

Structure and Union:

Interns learned about structures and unions in C programming, which allow for the creation of
user-defined data types composed of multiple elements. They explored structure declaration,
member access, initialization, and usage, as well as the concept of unions and their practical
applications.

Functions:
The week included extensive discussions and coding exercises on functions in C programming.
Interns learned about function declaration, definition, invocation, parameters, return types, and
recursion. They gained proficiency in modularizing their code and promoting code reusability
through functions.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |13

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

Pointers and Arrays:

Practical sessions were conducted to introduce interns to pointers and arrays in C programming.
They learned about pointer declaration, dereferencing, pointer arithmetic, and dynamic memory
allocation using malloc and free functions. They also explored arrays and their applications in
storing and manipulating data.

Memory Management:
Interns delved into memory management techniques in C programming, including stack and
heap memory allocation. They learned about dynamic memory allocation using malloc, calloc,
realloc, and free functions, gaining insights into managing memory efficiently in embedded
systems.
3.3.2 PRACTICAL SESSION
Led blinking
The figure 3.7 shows the project demonstration of the basic interfacing of an LED with an
Arduino Uno board and serves as an introductory project for beginners to understand digital
output control using Arduino programming. It provides a foundation for more complex projects
involving sensors, actuators, and external devices interfaced with the Arduino platform.

Fig 3.7 Interfacing LED Light with Arduino

Interfacing LCD with Arduino

The figure 3.8 shows the project demonstration of the basic interfacing of an LCD with an
Arduino Uno board and serves as an introductory project for beginners to understand how to
display custom messages on an LCD screen using Arduino programming. It provides a
foundation for more advanced projects involving real-time data display, user interfaces, and
menu systems using LCD displays.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |14

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

Fig 3.8 Interfacing LCD with Arduino to display text

IR sensor interfacing
The figure 3.9 shows the project demonstration of the basic interfacing of an IR sensor with
an Arduino Uno board and serves as an introductory project for beginners to understand how
to detect the presence of objects using infrared technology. It provides a foundation for more
advanced projects involving motion detection, proximity sensing, and object tracking using
IR sensors and Arduino programming.
The figure 3.10 shows IR sensor serial monitor output.

Fig 3.9 IR sensor Interfacing

Fig 3.10 IR Sensor Serial monitor output

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |15

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

Ultrasonic sensor interfacing

The figure 3.11 shows the project demonstration of the interfacing of an ultrasonic sensor
with an Arduino Uno board to measure distances of objects. It provides a practical example
of using sensors for distance measurement and lays the foundation for more advanced
projects involving sensor interfacing and data acquisition with Arduino.
The figure 3.12 shows the ultrasonic sensor serial monitor output.

Fig 3.11 Ultrasonic Sensor Interfacing with Arduino

Fig 3.12 Ultrasonic Sensor Serial monitor output

Smoke sensor interfacing

The figure 3.13 shows the project demonstration of the interfacing of a smoke sensor module
with an Arduino Uno board to detect smoke in the environment and trigger an alert signal using
a buzzer. It provides a simple yet effective solution for monitoring smoke levels in indoor

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |16

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

environments and can be expanded for use in fire alarm systems or air quality monitoring
applications.
The figure 3.14 shows the smoke sensor serial monitor output.

Fig 3.13 Smoke Sensor Interfacing With Arduino

Fig 3.14 Smoke sensor serial monitor output

Dht sensor interfacing

The figure 3.15 shows the project demonstration of the interfacing of a DHT sensor with an
Arduino Uno board and provides real-time temperature and humidity readings using Arduino
programming. It serves as a practical example for monitoring environmental parameters in
various applications such as weather stations, greenhouse monitoring, and home automation
systems.
The figure 3.16 shows the dht sensor serial monitor output.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |17

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

Fig 3.15 DHT Sensor interfacing with Arduino

Fig 3.16 DHT Sensor Serial Monitor output

3.4 WEEK 3
In third week of internship we learned about the internet of things (IOT) and robotics
3.4.1 INTRODUCTION TO IOT:
 The figure 3.17 shows internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing
devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided
with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |18

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

 A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm
animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the
driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be
assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is able to transfer data over a network.

Fig 3.17 Internet of Things

How does IoT work?

An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as
processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire
from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT
gateway or other edge device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed
locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on the
information they get from one another. The devices do most of the work without human
intervention, although people can interact with the devices -- for instance, to set them up, give
them instructions or access the data.

These are classified into different steps:

Based on the Performance of the Microcontroller:

1) SMALL SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

 These types of systems are designed with an 8 or 16-bit single microcontroller that may be
generated by a battery.
 For the developing embedded software for this embedded systems, the important
programming tools are editor, assembler, cross assembler and IDE.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |19

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

2) MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

 Medium scale embedded systems are designed with a 16 or 32-bit MC, RISCs or DSPs.
 Both hardware and software complexities are available.
 For the developing embedded software for this system, the main tools are C, C++, JAVA,
Visual, and RTOS, debugger, source code engineering tool, simulator and IDE.

3) WORDLY EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

 These systems are designed with 32-bit.
 Type of embedded systems have large hardware and software complexities.
 Which may require scalable or configurable processor and programming logical arrays.
3.4.2 Introduction to Robotics

Robotics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the design, construction, operation, and use
of robots. A robot is a programmable machine capable of carrying out tasks autonomously or
under remote control. Robotics combines elements of computer science, engineering,
mathematics, and physics to create intelligent machines that can perform a wide range of
functions.

Basic Components of Robotics:

Actuators: Actuators are devices that enable robots to move or manipulate objects. Examples include
motors, servos, and hydraulic or pneumatic systems.
Sensors: Sensors provide robots with information about their environment, allowing them to perceive
and interact with the world. Common types of sensors include cameras, ultrasonic sensors, infrared
sensors, and touch sensors.
Control Systems: Control systems govern the behavior of robots, coordinating their movements and
actions based on input from sensors and commands from users or programming.
End Effectors: End effectors are the tools or attachments that robots use to interact with objects in their
environment. Examples include grippers, suction cups, and welding torches.

Applications of Robotics:

 Manufacturing: Robots are widely used in manufacturing processes to automate tasks such as
assembly, welding, painting, and packaging. Industrial robots increase efficiency, accuracy, and
productivity in production lines.
 Healthcare: Robotics plays a crucial role in healthcare, with applications ranging from surgical robots
DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |20
 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

for minimally invasive procedures to rehabilitation robots for physical therapy and assistance robots
for elderly care.
 Exploration: Robots are used in exploration missions to environments that are hazardous or
inaccessible to humans, such as outer space, deep-sea exploration, and disaster zones. Examples
include Mars rovers and underwater drones.
 Logistics and Transportation: Robots are employed in warehouses and distribution centers to automate
tasks such as inventory management, order fulfillment, and material handling. Autonomous vehicles
and drones are also revolutionizing transportation and delivery systems.
 Agriculture: Agricultural robots, known as agribots, are utilized for tasks such as planting,
harvesting, and spraying pesticides. These robots improve efficiency and reduce labor costs in
the agricultural sector.

3.5 WEEK 4
In final week of my internship we worked to complete the project assigned by the guide.

3.5.1 Title: PASSWORD BASED DOOR LOCKING SYSTEM USING

ARDUINO

Abstract

In this digitally dependent world, the security is most concern for every one of us. As we all are
facing the fear of robbery, people cannot keep their valuable things safely even at their own
houses, banks or in any other places. They are always in fear of losing their valuable thing .Old
traditional locking system is not that safe as password based door locking system. So, in this
project we have work for all these problems and this project provide much more Lock security
as compare to traditional lock security. We have replaced the old traditional lock system with
password. This project will provide efficient security to the users at low cost. It will be also easy
to implement and give safety in any places like our houses, institutions, banks or any other public
places. If the users forgot the password, then He/she will change or reset the password, which
gives the more flexibility to the users.

Introduction

As we all are very familiar with the term “Security”. Nowadays it is most important to keep our
valuable things safe. The world is also growing digitally dependent, and we can even design the
doors to be more secure. We can make these digital doors by using “Password” which is more
secure than traditional lock system.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |21

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

In this project we have make a “Password Based Door- Locking System” using an Arduino. It
will be more efficient for the peoples in the field of security. It will be implemented in any places
like our Houses, Institutions, Banks and any Public Places. We can only able open the door if
we entered correct password for door and if users entered an incorrect password, then message
will be display or door will not be open.

Problem statement

At these times, all human beings have a place of their own in which they keep their property
with the help of locks to limit the penetration of their personal property or privacy, but there are
many defects in these locks, such as easy penetration poor security, and the difficulty of dealing
with the lock-in one way, which is the traditional key and there is no other way.
The second problem is the occurrence of errors on the part of the human being so that the loss
of the key is very likely, also carrying many keys that expose them to loss or ease of theft, also
you can forget to close the lock, and here the lock cannot be closed by itself because it is
mechanical and does not depend on Electromechanical.

Literature Survey
1) Prof.A.Y.Prabhakar, et.al [1],"Password based Door lock System", Volume: 06 Issue: 02
| 2019. In this research paper, the authors present of this project is to relinquish safety at
each common place like home, public places. During this project all the data hold on within
the info. Once the proper word are going to be entered, the microcontroller can provide
steering to servo engine then door can unlock. What we want is computerized innovation to
develop a coordinated and everyone around altered upbeat framework at a worth that is
wise.

2) Akshay Krishna, et.al [2], "Password Enabled Door lockup System victimization Arduino
and IoT", Volume: half-dozen Issue: fifteen, 5-1- 2019. during this paper, we have a
tendency to gift Associate in Nursing electronically controlled entranceway lockup
framework that utilizes Arduino, Associate in Nursing open supply microcontroller board
that may discover, screen, store and management applications. This framework likewise
utilizes Associate in Nursing IoT based mostly log that screens the section and exit of the
shoppers.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |22

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

3) Anuj Kumar Gupta, et.al[3], "Password based door lockup system", 2015.the author has
built a prototype model of project they’ve to perform sure task like, planning the facility
provide for the whole electronic equipment. Choice of Microcontroller, Key pad, DC motor
and conjointly choice of buzzer in line with the necessity for his or her project.
Objectives

 Protection: The system can provide protection in unusual places like homes and
public locations.

 Security: The system increases the security level to prevent unauthorized

unlocking of the door.

 Door opening: If the password matches the stored password in Arduino, the door
gets open.

 Message display: If the user enters an incorrect password, a message will be

displayed or the door will not be open.
Methodology
Hardware component
1. Arduino UNO
2. 4*4 keypad matrix
3. Buzzer

4. Potentiometer

5. Solenoid Lock

6. LCD Display

7. 9V/12V Adaptor

8. Wires

Software required
1. Arduino IDE
2. Embedded C programming
Component description
Arduino Uno

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |23

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

Fig.3.18 Arduino Uno

The figure 3.18 shows Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the
Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially
released in 2010. The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of digital and analog
input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other
circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins,
and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a
type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector that accepts
voltages between 7 and 20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery. It has the same
microcontroller as the Arduino Nano board, and the same headers as the Leonardo board. The
hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike
2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some
versions of the hardware are also available.

Technical specifications:

 IC: Microchip ATmega328P (8-bit AVR core)

 Clock Speed: 16 MHz on Uno board, though IC is capable of 20 MHz maximum at 5

Volts

 Flash Memory: 32 KB, of which 0.5 KB used by the bootloader

 SRAM: 2 KB

 EEPROM: 1 KB

 USART peripherals: 1 (Arduino software default configures USART as a 8N1 UART)

 SPI peripherals: 1

 I²C peripherals: 1

 Operating Voltage: 5 Volts

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |24

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

 Digital I/O Pins: 14

 PWM Pins: 6 (Pin # 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11)[13]

 Analog Input Pins: 6

 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA

 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA

 Size: 68.6 mm x 53.4 mm

 Weight: 25 g

 ICSP Header: Yes

4x4 Matrix Keypad

The Figure 3.19 shows the 4x4 Matrix Keypad interfaced is to take the input from the person.
We can enter the preset password to test the validity of the password. If the password is valid
then, the door lock will be unlocked. If invalid, the door lock will continue to be locked. The 4x4
Matrix Keypad includes 4 rows and 4 columns. There is a transfer that connects every row and
column. In our project we will use only the numeric between 0-9 keys along with # to change the
password.

Fig 3.19 4x4 Keypad matrix

Buzzer

The figure 3.20 shows the buzzer which is used in our project, we tend to used buzzer to point
the right entry of password and additionally it indicate once we successfully changed the present
old password. A buzzer is an audio signalling device that emits a beeping or buzzing sound
when an electric current passes through it. Buzzers can be mechanical, electromechanical, or

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |25

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

piezoelectric. They are often used in electrical systems as an alert or notification device, such
as alarms, timers, and doorbells.

Fig 3.20 Buzzer

Potentiometer

The figure 3.21 shows the potentiometer which is used in our project we have also used a
potentiometer of 10Kohm resistance to adjust the brightness of the LCD as we want. A
potentiometer is a measuring instrument that measures voltage or potential difference. It is a
three-terminal resistor that has a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage
divider.

Fig 3.21 potentiometer

Solenoid Lock

The figure 3.22 shows the Solenoid lock is also known as Actuator Lock. In our project we
have used this solenoid lock. To use this lock we need to have electricity because it is an
electronic lock. We can use this lock in different places like door or safe or basic cabinet.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |26

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

Fig 3.22 Solenoid Lock

16X2 LCD Panel

The figure 3.23 shows the liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other
electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid
crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflect or to
produce images in color or monochrome.[1]LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as
in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed images with low information content, which
can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and seven-segment displays.

Fig 3.23 16X2 LCD Panel

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |27

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

Circuit diagram
The figure 3.24 shows the circuit diagram of project.

Fig 3.24 Circuit diagram of project

Flow chart
The figure 3.25 shows the flowchart of the project which gives the short idea about how our Project
works. When we enter the pre-defined password it will read that entered password. If the entered
password is right solenoid will unlock that means door is Unlock. But if we enter the wrong
password it will show wrong password. It will ask you to re-enter the password. And also you can
change your old password.

Fig 3.25 Flow Chart of Project

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |28

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

Output
 The Figure 3.26 shows to enter password where user interacts with the system by entering
a password, typically through a keypad or some other input method.
 Arduino reads the input from the keypad or input device.
 The entered password is compared with the predefined password stored in the Arduino's
memory.

Fig 3.26 shows to Enter New password

 The figure 3.27 shows if the entered password does not match the predefined password, the
system indicates that the password is incorrect.
 This can be done by displaying a message on an LCD screen or using LEDs to signal an
incorrect attempt.

Fig 3.27 Shows password is Incorrect

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |29

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

 The figure 3.28 show to enter the new password upon entering an incorrect password, the
system prompts the user to enter a new password.
 The user inputs a new password through the keypad or input device.
 Arduino stores this new password in its memory for future authentication purposes.

Fig 3.28 Shows to enter new password

 The figure 3.29 shows password is accepted if the entered password matches the
predefined password, the system unlocks the door.
 This can be achieved by activating a servo motor to physically unlock the door or by
controlling an electronic lock mechanism.
 Additionally, the system can provide visual or auditory feedback to indicate that the
password was accepted successfully.

Fig 3.29 shows the password accepted

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |30

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

CHAPTER 4

REFLECTION

During my internship, I've worked for the TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD, of Bangalore.
I have had a great experience working for this company as I glimpsed what this type of job is
like. As an intern, my tasks revolve around embedded system. While my duties are far easier
than employees of the company, I believe that I still put enough effort and took my work
seriously.

1. PERSONAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Personal skill development is a lifelong process. It’s a way for people to assess their skills and
qualities, consider their aims in life and set goals in order to realize and maximize their potential.
After having worked in a company, I realized that I have beenable to inculcate numerous soft
skills, a few of which are listed below.

i) Communication
ii) Confidence
iii) Etiquette
iv) Patience
v) Punctuality

2. TIME MANAGEMENT

It involves organizing and planning of how to divide the time between specific activities. Good
time management enables us to work smarter not harder so that we getmore done in less time,
even when time is tight and pressure is high. Failing to managetime damages our effectiveness
and causes stress.

3. ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT

The process of organizing, planning, leading and controlling resources within anorganization
with the overall aim of achieving its objectives. The organizationalmanagement of a business
needs to be able to make decisions and resolve issues in orderto be both effective and beneficial.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |31

Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

4. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

It is the efficient and effective development of an organization's resources when they are
needed. Such resources may include financial resources, inventory, human skills, production
resources, or information technology.

5. TECHNICAL SKILLS

It includes the abilities and knowledge needed to perform specific task. Few of the
technical skills acquired by me during the tenure of internship.

6. TECHNICAL WRITING

Written communication is important when it comes to work. It requires us to explain complex

things in a way that is easy to understand. We might have to send e-mails to manager, clients
or manufacturers, or write press releases, web content, or manuals for clients. Being able to
communicate complex ideas in written in a clear way makes life. Toady work places have
become simpler as-mails have become the most important communication medium.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |32

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

CONCLUSION

The internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD in Embedded Systems and IOT was an
invaluable experience that deepened my understanding of embedded systems and honed my skills
in Electrical Engineering. The company's commitment to collaboration and innovation provided
a conducive environment for learning and growth. Witnessing firsthand the manufacturing
processes and products underscored the theoretical knowledge gained from books and
mentorship. Interactions with experienced professionals not only offered guidance for my career
but also instilled in me the importance of discipline and adherence to industry standards. This
internship has equipped me with practical insights and a renewed sense of purpose, empowering
me to make meaningful contributions to the field. I am immensely grateful to TAKE IT SMART
(OPC) PVT.LTD for the opportunity to broaden my horizons and embark on a fulfilling career
path in embedded systems.

Moreover, the internship instilled in me the virtues of discipline, punctuality, and adherence to
industry standards a testament to the importance of professional conduct. Engaging with
experienced professionals not only provided guidance for my career laying the foundation for a
promising career filled with endless possibilities for innovation and impact.

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |33

 Internship at TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD 2023-24

REFERENCES

1. https://www.takeitsmart.in/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
4. Zanwar, Sanket, Khan Saif Al Atta Musaab, and Siddique Sohail. "PASSWORD BASED
DOOR LOCK SYSTEM USING 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER."

DEPARTMENT OF EEE, SIR MVIT Page |34