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Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

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10 views19 pages

Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

Uploaded by

itsaartihere001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Microprocessors &

Microcontrollers
Lecture 2
17/01/2022
Microprocessor 8085
• 8 bit NMOS microprocessor
• 40 pin IC package
• Uses +5 Vdc supply for its operation
• Clock speed 3 MHz and clock cycle of 320 ns
• 80 basic instructions and 246 opcodes

Fig. 1 Microprocessor Based System and Basic Architecture


Microprocessor 8085
8085 microprocessor consist of three main sections:
• Arithmetic and Logic Unit
• Timing and Control Unit
• Set of Registers
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
It performs following operations:
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Logical AND
• Logical OR
• Logical E-OR
• Complement (Logical NOT)
• Increment (add 1)
• Decrement (subtract 1)
• Left Shift, Rotate Left, Rotate Right
• Clear etc
Timing and Control Unit

• It generates timing and control signals which are


necessary for the execution of instructions.

• It controls the data flow between CPU and


peripherals (including memory)

• It controls the entire operation of the microprocessor


and peripherals connected to it.
Registers
• Registers are used by microprocessor for temporary storage
and manipulation of data and instructions.

Intel 8085 has the following registers:


1. One 8-bit Accumulator
2. Six 8-bit general registers (B,C,D,E,H and L)
3. One 16-bit stack pointer
4. One 16-bit program counter
5. Instruction Register
6. Temporary Register
Registers

• In addition to that, 8085 microprocessor contains a


set of five flops which serves as a flag (Status Flag).

• Status Flag- Indicates condition which arises after


execution of arithmetic and logical instructions.
8085 Microprocessor
Registers
• Accumulator (A)
• Used to hold one of the operand of an arithmetic or logical
operation.
• Final results of arithmetic and logical operation is placed in
the accumulator.
Example: ADD C
A A+C
OPCODE
OPERAND
Registers
• General Purpose Registers
• B,C,D,E,H and L---- 8 bit general registers
• For 16-bit data, combination of two 8-bits registers can be
used.
• Valid register pair is B-C, D-E, and H-L
• H-L pair act as memory pointer, holds 16 bit address of
memory location
Registers (16-bit)
• Program Counter (PC)
• Holds the memory address of next instruction to be executed
• Keeps the track
• Microprocessor increments the content of PC during the
execution of instruction.

• Stack Pointer
• Works on LIFO
• Used for saving the content of registers
Registers
• Instruction Register
• Hold the opcode of the instruction which is being
decoded or executed

• Temporary Register
• Associated with ALU
• Holds the data during an arithmetic/ logic operation
• Used by microprocessor
• Not accessible to programmer
Status Flag Register
• 8085 microprocessor contains 5 flip flops to serve as status
flags
• Flip flops sets or resets according to condition
• Program Status Word (PSW)- combination of 8 bits
Status Flag Register
• Example ADD B
A A +B
A 1100 1011
B 1110 1001
After addition
1011 0100
AC=1, Z = 0, P= 1, CY=1, S=1
Data and Address Bus
• Data bus is 8-bit wide
• Address bus is 16 bit wide
• Eight MSB of address bus are transmitted through
(A8-A15)
• Eight LSB of the address are transmitted by
address/data bus (AD0-AD7)
• Transmits address/data at different moments
PIN Configuration
PIN Configuration
Status signals (S0,S1)
• Sent by microprocessor to distinguish the various types of
operation
S1 S0 Operation
0 0 Halt
0 1 Write
1 0 Read
1 1 Fetch

Address Latch Enable (ALE)


• It goes high during first clock cycle of a machine cycle and enables
the lower 8 bits of the address to latch either into the memory or
external bus
• Why assembly language is used compared to
high level language?
Thank you

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