PR1 Q4 Week3toWeek4

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Learning Activity Sheet


Practical Research 1
(Qualitative)

Quarter 4 – Week 3 to Week4:


Finding Answers Through Data
Collection
What I Need to Know

Most research design techniques has advantages and limitations. Perhaps the
most interesting and challenging of these is the method of observation and interview.
Finding answers to your questions is possible through these theoretically based data-
collection methods. Obtaining data through these methods requires you to perform
necessary skills or strategies and to follow the right procedure.

This learning activity sheet has the following lessons:

Lesson 1- The Observation Method


Lesson 2- The Interview Method

What you are expected to learn?

After going through this learning activity sheet, you are able and expected to:
1. Collects data through observation and interview (CS_RS11-IVd-f-1)
2. Infers and explain patterns and themes from data (CS_RS11-IVd-f-2)
3. Relate the findings with pertinent literature (CS_RS11-IVd-f-
Lesson
1 The Observation Method

Observation involves the use of our sensory systems (including eyes


and ears) to record behavior. These measures are the basic data used to
describe naturally occurring behavior or to assess the effects of our
independent research variable. Therefore, they must be gathered with care.
Observations such as these (judgments that behavior has or has not
occurred) are inherently more subjective than other data collection
procedures. Because judgments are based on our perceptions, the same
event occurring in the environment will be perceived differently by different
people (Lammers & Badea, 2013)

What’s In?
Learning activity sheet provided you the actual collection of data in a
qualitative research. Such research involves different choices of techniques
and was dependent on the actual needs of your research. You also tend to
understood why qualitative research design, sampling and data analysis are
sometimes inconsistent or opposing research findings because of its
methodology – how research is designed and carried out.

What’s New?

In this next lesson, it will focus on Observational Method as an effective


tool in data collection for a qualitative research.

Activity 1. Do the following

Find a spot nearby where you can conduct a 10 minute uninterrupted observation. As part of
What is happening within the location?
Ambience, atmosphere, environment
Physical characteristics of the setting
How you are feeling and how you think this might influence what you are observing and reco

The aim of the activity is to develop a set of notes that describe the scene as much as possib

Source:https://www.deakin.edu.au/ data/assets/pdf_file/0004/681025/Participant-
observation.pdf
What is it?
Using the baseline information gathered, focus on rectifying any
misconceptions regarding observation as a purposeful data-gathering tool.
One way to do this is to outline the characteristics and the steps of an
effective observation protocol through facilitated discussion.

Steps in the Process of Observing (Creswell, 2007)


1. Select the research site.
-This refers to the site where you can best understand your central
phenomenon or topic being studied. Gaining access through letter of consent
is a prerequisite first step that a researcher must do.

2. Develop observational protocol.


-The observational protocol is a method used for recording observation
notes. It includes both ―descriptive‖ or those about what happened and
―reflective‖ or learning based on what have been observed.

3. Focus the observation.


-Before writing any notes, think of what catches your attention.
There will be a lot in the site, but focus your observation only on what will
help you understand your research question.

4. Determine your role.


-What will you be as a researcher? Will you be a participant observer
or non-participant observer?

5. Record field notes.


-Using the Observation Protocol, record what you observe using your
five senses. The observation should be arranged chronologically or in order.

6. Slowly withdraw.
-After observation, slowly withdraw by thanking the participants for their
time.

Sample Observation Protocol (Creswell, 2007 )


Duration of Activity: 60 mins
Descriptive Notes Reflective Notes
General:
What are the experiences of Grade 11
students as they study Basic Calculus?

Start of observation: 7:00 AM

The class started on time, but some


I wonder if these students always come late?
students arrived late.

There are more than 50 students in the


Can the teacher manage this big class?
classroom.
I wonder if it’s the class that makes them sleepy
Some students seated at the back start to
or their activity at night?
become sleepy.
What I Have Learned?
Activity 2. Do the following

Direction: Based on what you learned about observation, subject


the following texts to critical evaluation.

1. The researcher has lived with one tribal group in Mt. Province for one
summer time. In her stay there, she observed the paganism of people in
the place. She spent two hours a day teaching the tribal people
Christian practices to overcome their paganism.

2. The researcher did a participant observation. To see and hear the


subjects better, he would mingle and exchange views with them. From
the start to the end of the observation, he succeeded in keeping his
identity secret.

3. The researcher writing his observation report used several pages for
the descriptive part of his report. He limited his reporting only to describing
every person, event, thing, and place involved in the observation.

Source: Braceros, Esther(2016) Practical Research 1.Rex Publishing, Philippines

Lesson
2 Interview Method

Interviewing is one method by which qualitative data can be gathered.


Although it may be less formal than quantitative, it is important to design a
systematic interview technique as well as carefully validated data.

What’s In?

In lesson 1, you enabled to tackled observation as data gathering


method. It provides you as learners the steps in conducting observation. In
this lesson, you will be able to outline the steps in doing interview and the
parts of it’s protocol.
What’s New?
Activity 3. Do the following
Ask any member of the family. Conduct interview about their autobiography

What is it?
Steps in Conducting an Interview (Denzin 2013; Bernard2013; Rubin 2012)

Step 1: Getting to Know Each Other


 The interview starts from the time you, he interviewer, and your
respondents see each other at the place of interview, that is, if this is
a traditional interview.
 Naturally, seeing each other for the first time, your tendency would be
to talk with each other to establish friendship and a relaxed mood for
both of you.

Step 2: Having an Idea of the Research


 This second step requires you to tell the respondents about the nature
of the interview—its purpose, importance, scope, and so on. Telling
them of these salient features of the activity enables them to
anticipate not only the kind of questions they will get to face, but also
the appropriate answers they will give.

Step 3: Starting the Interview


 You open this step with a question to encourage the respondent to
talk about himself or herself, including his or her age, family, current
activities, and other things you think appear special or interesting to him or
her.
 Following these self-introduction questions are questions on the
subject’s thoughts, attitudes, or performance of his or her job or any
current work assignment.
 The respondent’s answers do not only help you get some clues
on his or her ways or techniques of responding to interview questions,
but also give you hints on the right ways to ask your subjects the
questions that will elicit the right data for your research

Step 4: Conducting the Interview Proper


 Interview questions in this step are on the interviewee’s open and
extensive talking of things related to the research theme or research
questions and on those anticipated by him/her or emanating from his/her
explanations, descriptions, or narrations of things. Open or unstructured
questions asked in this step of the interview aim at investigating the
questions.
Step 5: Putting an End to the Interview
 Signs of the approaching end of the interview work to alert the
respondent in winding up with his or her talking.
 This step also reminds you of your responsibility to let the respondent
be free in airing whatever doubts or questions he or she has about the
research design, method, interview time, and other aspects of the
interview.
Step 6: Pondering Over Interview Afterthoughts
 This last step of the interview gives the respondent the opportunity to
ask questions about the interview activity and let him or her have an idea
about what will happen next to the interview results.

Parts of an Interview Protocol (Creswell, 2007)

1. Basic Information about the Interview.


-It includes the time and date of the interview, where the
interview takes place, and who the participants to be
interviewed are.
2. Introduction.
-This provides instructions to the interviewer which will serve as his/her
guide in conducting the session. It is a prerequisite that the
interviewer introduce himself/herself including the objectives of the
research.
3. Opening Question.
-This is about getting to know participants so they will feel at ease.
Questions related to their work or activities are good opening
questions. Very personal questions must be avoided.
4. Content Questions
-These are sub-questions based on the central phenomenon being
studied.
5. Closing Instructions
-Thank the interviewee of his/her time
What’s More?

Activity 4. Fill-in the needed information in the table


Interview Method

Advantages Disadvantages

Group Activity: Make atleast 10 questions for qualitative research that related to your
topic.

(Note: In your qualitative research only chapters 1, 2, 3 and questionnaire


needed in this subject.)

REFERENCES

Braceros, E.L. 2016. Practical Research 1.. Rex Bookstore. Manila, Philippines.

Crewell, JW. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. Choosing among five
traditions. Thousand oaks, ca: Sage publication, n.d.

Kawulich, Barbara (2012). Doing Social Research: A global context, Chapter:


Collecting data through observation, Publisher: McGraw Hill, Editors: C.
Wagner, B. Kawulich, M. Garner, pp.150-160

Practical Research 1. Teachers Guide. Deped.2016

https://www.deakin.edu.au/ data/assets/pdf_file/0004/681025/Participant-
observation.pdf

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