Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 13 views

    A7. Limiting Reactants

    Uploaded by

    maryjoymadredijo173
    The document discusses limiting reactants and how to determine them when given amounts of reactants in a chemical reaction. It provides examples of calculating limiting reactants and the amount of product that can be formed based on the limiting reactant. Key steps discussed include writing the balanced chemical equation, converting reactants to moles, determining which reactant results in the smallest amount of product, and that reactant being the limiting one.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    A7. Limiting Reactants

    Uploaded by

    maryjoymadredijo173
    13 views34 pages
    The document discusses limiting reactants and how to determine them when given amounts of reactants in a chemical reaction. It provides examples of calculating limiting reactants and the amount of product that can be formed based on the limiting reactant. Key steps discussed include writing the balanced chemical equation, converting reactants to moles, determining which reactant results in the smallest amount of product, and that reactant being the limiting one.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses limiting reactants and how to determine them when given amounts of reactants in a chemical reaction. It provides examples of calculating limiting reactants and the amount of product that can be formed based on the limiting reactant. Key steps discussed include writing the balanced chemical equation, converting reactants to moles, determining which reactant results in the smallest amount of product, and that reactant being the limiting one.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views34 pages

    A7. Limiting Reactants

    Uploaded by

    maryjoymadredijo173
    The document discusses limiting reactants and how to determine them when given amounts of reactants in a chemical reaction. It provides examples of calculating limiting reactants and the amount of product that can be formed based on the limiting reactant. Key steps discussed include writing the balanced chemical equation, converting reactants to moles, determining which reactant results in the smallest amount of product, and that reactant being the limiting one.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 34

    ASSIGNMENT

    1. What are Natural Resources?


    2. What are the two types of natural
    resources?
    3. What is the difference of renewable
    and non-renewable resources?
    4. What is the type of energy sources?
    Key Terms
    • Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry that
    establishes mole and mass relationships
    between reactants and/or products in a
    chemical reaction to determine desired
    quantitative data.
    • Excess reagent is a reactant that is not used
    up when the reaction is finished.
    • Limiting reagent is a reagent that is
    completely used up in a chemical reaction.
    Limiting Reactants

    + plus 16 tires
    excess

    8 car bodies 48 tires 8 cars

    C + 4T CT4
    Limiting Reactants
    Methane, CH4

    plus 16

    + hydrogen
    atoms
    excess

    8 carbon 48 hydrogen 8 methane


    atoms molecules molecules

    C + 2 H2 CH4
    Container 1
    Before and After Reaction 1
    N2 + 3H2 2 NH3

    Before the reaction After the reaction


    All the hydrogen and nitrogen atoms combine.
    Container 2
    Before and After Reaction 2
    N2 + 3H2 2 NH3
    excess limiting

    Before the reaction After the reaction


    LIMITING REACTANT DETERMINES AMOUNT OF PRODUCT
    Real-World Stoichiometry:
    Limiting Reactants
    Fe + S FeS

    Ideal
    Stoichiometry

    Limiting
    Reactants

    S= excess

    Fe =
    Grilled Cheese
    Sandwich

    Bread + Cheese → ‘Cheese Melt’


    2B + C → B2C

    100 bread 30 slices 30


    ? sandwiches
    Multiple Guess:
    130 sandwiches
    100 sandwiches
    90 sandwiches
    60 sandwiches
    30 sandwiches
    Not enough information given
    Limiting Reactants
    • Available Ingredients
    – 4 slices of bread
    – 1 jar of peanut butter
    – 1/2 jar of jelly

    • Limiting Reactant
    – bread

    • Excess Reactants
    – peanut butter and jelly
    Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
    Limiting Reactants
    • Limiting Reactant
    – used up in a reaction
    – determines the amount of product

    • Excess Reactant
    – added to ensure that the other reactant is
    completely used up
    – cheaper & easier to recycle

    Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem


    The Limiting Reactant
    A balanced equation for making a Big Mac® might be:

    3 B + 2 M + EE B3M2EE
    …one can
    With… …and…
    make…
    excess B and
    30 M 15 B3M2EE
    excess EE
    excess M and
    30 B 10 B3M2EE
    excess EE
    30 B and
    30 M 10 B3M2EE
    excess EE
    Limiting Reactants

    aluminum + chlorine gas → aluminum chloride


    Al(s) + Cl2(g) → AlCl3

    2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 AlCl3

    100 g 100 g ?g

    A. 200 g B. 125 g C. 667 g D. 494 g


    Limiting Reactants
    aluminum + chlorine gas → aluminum chloride
    2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 AlCl3
    100 g 100 g xg
    How much product would be made if we begin with 100 g of aluminum?

    1 mol Al 2 mol AlCl3 133.5 g AlCl3


    x g AlCl3 = 100 g Al = 494 g AlCl3
    27 g Al 2 mol Al 1 mol AlCl3

    How much product would be made if we begin with 100 g of chlorine gas?

    1 mol Cl2 2 mol AlCl3 133.5 g AlCl3


    x g AlCl3 = 100 g Cl2 = 125 g AlCl3
    71 g Cl2 3 mol Cl2 1 mol AlCl3
    Sample Problem
    Example 1: Finding the limiting reagent

    How many grams of H2O can be produced if


    15 grams of C2H6 react with 45 grams of O2?
    Sample Problem
    Example 1: Finding the limiting reagent

    For the following reaction, what is the


    limiting reagent if we start with 2.80g of Al
    (Aluminum) and 4.25g of Cl (Chlorine)?
    Percent Yield:
    Theoretical yields:
    The quantity of product that forms if all
    of the limiting reagent reacts is called
    the theoretical yield. Usually, we obtain
    less than this, which is known as the
    actual yield.

    Percent yield = actual yield x 100


    Theoretical yield
    For example, the decomposition of
    magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) forms 15
    grams of magnesium oxide (MgO) in an
    experiment. The theoretical yield is known to
    be 19 grams. What is the percent yield of
    magnesium oxide (MgO)?
    Problem:
    What is the percent yield when 5.50 g MgO
    are recovered after burning 4.9 g of Mg in
    sufficient oxygen?
    Problem:
    10.4 g of Ba(OH)2 was reacted with an excess of
    Na2SO4 to give a precipitate of BaSO4. If the
    reaction actually yielded 11.2 g of BaSO4, what is
    a) the theoretical yield of BaSO4 and b) what is
    the percentage yield of BaSO4?
    The balanced equation for the reaction is:

    Ba(OH)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(s) + 2 NaOH(aq)


    Step 1. Convert to moles:
    Ba(OH)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(s) + 2 NaOH(aq)
    1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 2 moles

    Moles Ba(OH)2:

    Mol. Mass Ba(OH)2 = 137.3 + 2 x (16.0 + 1.0)


    = 171.3 g/mol
    Moles = 10.4 g x 1 mol = 0.0607 moles
    171.3 g
    Step 2. Work out how much BaSO4 will be
    formed:
    Ba(OH)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(s) + 2 NaOH(aq)
    1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 2 moles
    0.0607 moles 0.0607 moles

    When it says that one reagent is in excess, that


    means we do not have to worry about that reagent,
    and the other one is the limiting reagent, in this
    case the BaSO4.
    We see that 1 mole of Ba(OH)2 will produce 1 mole
    of BaSO4. Our factor is thus 0.0607, and we will get
    0.0607 moles of BaSO4.
    Convert actual yield to percentage
    yield:
    Percent yield = actual yield x 100 %
    Theoretical yield

    = 11.2 g x 100 %
    14.29 g

    = 78.4 % yield
    Limiting Reactants – Method 1
    1. Write a balanced equation.
    2. For each reactant, calculate the
    amount of product formed.
    3. Smaller answer indicates:
    – limiting reactant
    – amount of product

    Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem


    Limiting Reactants – Method 2
    • Begin by writing a correctly balanced
    chemical equation
    • Write down all quantitative values under
    equation (include units)
    • Convert ALL reactants to units of moles
    • Divide by the coefficient in front of each
    reactant
    • The smallest value is the limiting reactant!
    Limiting Reagents
    Computation
    QUIZ #5
    If you have 20 g of N2 and 5.0 g of
    H2, which is the limiting reagent?

    N2+ 3H2 2NH3


    Limiting Reactants
    aluminum + chlorine gas → aluminum chloride
    2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 AlCl3
    100 g 100 g xg

    How much product would be made if we begin


    with 100 g of aluminum?

    How much product would be made if we begin


    with 100 g of chlorine gas?
    Problem:
    In one experiment of 0.988 mole of
    NO is mixed with 0.607 mole of
    O2. Calculate which of the
    reactants is the limiting reagent.
    Calculate also the number of
    moles of NO2 produced.

    2NO + O2 2NO2


    Problem:
    What is your limiting and excess
    reactants if you have 5.43 grams
    of H and 17.03 grams of O?

    2H2+ O2 2H2O


    QUIZ
    Problem 1:
    How many g NO are produced if 20
    g NH3 burned in 30 g in O2?

    4NH3 + 5O5+  6H2O + 4NO


    Problem 2:
    How many moles of Cl2 can be
    produced if 5 moles of FeCl3 react
    with 4 moles of O2?

    4FeCl3 + 3OH2 2Fe2O3+ 6Cl2

    You might also like