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Lecture Notes - Week 1 and 2

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Lecture Notes - Week 1 and 2

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arslanerkancan
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Lia baby yy Sample Spaces and vents Probability starts with sample syaace Meet describes all possible oudeomes of an experiment - tis daoled by S Cor 2) OTM use S. Lr prob, most basi'e. experiment comes fo mind ts cath dossing. Relig a d/e or rolling a pur af objle, observing fine Und a prarbsevlar cual ocedys Ofc, are some experiments ¢n Probabltetey Zvamples L. A com be possed. S2fH,T4 Hehead Tiber. 2, Aco ik foserd tote. (or tua cos ave tossed Se fad, HT, TH, er 2. A con rs fossed & Anes. S-{AHMHHH, HHHHT, HHATT, ~~. TTT, 771TT] shee will be 2°=32 ovfeomes sh Phi's sample. space Cwhg 7’) 4, Adie fs polled. 52 {1%36,5,68 5. Aco rs fossed unt head appeares, phen S-{H, 7H, 7rH, --- | (1) 6. Ln a procecy shop, weidhig hina fo be checked out on & Check-out coven will be observed. Then sample pace, S= Lo, 2) Aa_tunt 1's x subset Y semple space . Copiftf ebjers atk usec! po denole auents . Examples L.A com 1s tossed, Lt want A be fead comes “p. A=fH} 2. Acoh & hossed fuite, Let he ja schple H comes than B= SHAT, THY Let C- fat feast one heacl § then f= {47,TH, HAY An cunt with sigle evteome 13 called single event. An went with no evteome 1s called mpossthl event, Wi benoled by Sample space 1k called c2rtain event - at A's Ge 4/2, -- ) 4 snp evends hh Ss and AOA =P Heo SaV AL for ip, Pefathion Let fond & be any tuo auerds rn sample space S, “4 ANB = p Yan a Bare called mao tvally exclusive 2ents. (2) A,B crt enutts sy sample Hace [A a ANB Is celled satersecttn aint | Z{ B-A'l Anal. ANB (Aandb) [aD s AVE 7s cabled onion enat Aub (Aor b) (AvB)'- Ane! 2 De fe rhen Laws CAN By’ = Ave! ¢ ee Lan a semple space S; 4 each ovdeame has same chant of accrfance, prob. 4 eynt A ss PIA) and P(A)= DAY. 7105) where CA) |s Met of ovteames th A and Us) 4 the ovdeomes tn Sample space ,S. t occurred Prob, as selakive frequency = B of times wen’ PA) £ when 2. A par of dice /s poled. Let B be the evcat- thal sum is 3. Ford C8), nts)2 36, Ba 4l3,6\45),65,4)G)3)} =) 018) =4 = Pe)= #2 t 36 ) Axioms and Properties of Pebahtitty q 1, Lt A be an exeat jh sample space ,$ 0< FIZ Pp) =O and PCs)=4 Sample space S 1s also called corde Luen 2. det Ag's be moby ANA =D for /¢4') PGA) = FPA) We know hut AnAl-@ CA, Al ave modvally exchusive) and AUAl= SS phen PCAU A) =PIA\+PCA') = Pes) a1 =) MA)= /-PCA'), This 1s baown as complement tele. . axclusile ovents (Poet 4) 3.44 Aad & be - tivo evats Ja sample spac, S fhun PCA VB) = PA) EP CR) - PANE) Poor] PIAVB) = PcA)+ PCAN BY and Pl B)= PCANE) + PCA'N BY =) PCA'NR) = PCB) ~ PCANL) =) PIAVB) = PCA) ¢ PCB) PCA NB) 4] A,B and C are events rh *, fheg PRUBUC) = PAH) 4 PIC) - PANE) —PCANC)- Piane) + PCANENC) Ln gene Z 44+ Arty, --- Ay be evatts 14 S fun ye z PCY Ate FPA) ~ SPAN A 4 tS PA DAM Ah) : Ts Ay County Methods Basie = priheiele Suppose thot fhect are £ shps th a process. The. dist slop occurs In ty wags, the and slep occrs In ty ways... the bth cfep oceuis in 4 ways Yhen He” prowess ocewsres i'n Ty Ma --~ Mp aay ways Example. Suppose Here are 40 students jh a class. The for will select 2 shebats ran dom ly bo give (5) vasbroc 3 AY ferent fasks. In how m wets cary Phe selechs, be a 7? : “7 “G 7 i eae 40. 39. 38 = 59290 (by basic coun har priverisle ) Zach of these 59280 selections will be permetotion, Because each proup 3 can be arranged do do He diferent tasks. Syypose PhoA Pee C ant sleckd ABC, ACB,...,cBA (6 difecat) are hi Yeert arrangements fa aseiyaing Sea ‘ to the diffecer t tacks . Pecmy fadions A pumutalion fs an ordered avrangemerd of object /eut lets wh vepehrhon . Tke # af pumetahons of a objects faben rata dime 15s denoted 44 wf » and ae =NiN-1)(n-2) + (N-PH) / 4 alin objtede att tuber nin-lyih-2)--. @iaj=al &. Anton Ola d, Ap can be writen th eons af feclorieds ply - ON) Cn-rH) GO! at Prmababion Gr! cnr) (omvle) 7 = fluenl Wk ner fp a at Ln He previoes example f= 40 and (=3. The aniwet 7035028 re ee order 7o8 Go-3)| yo find # oY permotetions o} Zo Feber 2 ata bme we snp ly Implemented baste coun the prmenipe. (6) Exam ple Suppose fhert are 40 students sn a class. This dime 2 shat commitfee wit be selected randomly. Zn bow 7 ways can his be one. The 7 sushdent committees will be fess than Yhe nomber we fovrd th fhe Previous excunple : Fhe. jumber of 3-student commitfees /'s 40893E 4, 4013938 Be use th He previous é Sr example we. have, Considered differen # acrangemia, ro selected (°7 of 3, bit each stands or fhe Same committee , Jor this peason we wh only £ 6 hifecen t avranpemen fs. In Shs example each commi'tHee jb a comb natden Combinations A combadion Js an acranpumeat ° abject: fibril wo ¢é, eld to ofder wo sepetiton. The x combhatens af A ib 7 ere As 7 eee (2) 20% . 2! rl A-OIT Ca)nls (2) a0 (A Jo fa,5, anata d ft aA 2)~ ntyIP) a Cnr) [a-ca-rY) | ta-r) | a! Sh Flin)! -(2) (F) Example. What /s the # of dshnguishable ordered avian gene ads af all fhe letles ta te word “SUCCE S5 Past 35s Answer t's Ff — beewse bibles 2¢% eigine a ZL oe How do we. jr this result wsthe aombipahons 2 DOOM ODO Che au % bores to fill ovt with fhe % the) Zz 2 gl G : ONG le ae nes 4h Because of dec ef Fe ah ch eee pot dishnpeithable Ln fener} 4 Uhere are objec ts, nr, of Ham Lick Aype , Ao. of Hen Me 2nd type - ~My of them She £- th fype and Ne ajthe---+N then the # o Ve Anpettha be ofdeved aranpemen As Ay ry ee This re known as formula for perme with Ceptaled objects . t = aia These counthe metho ds Creles ) wih Le used fr thlerminh nts) er NAY te compile (?CAY Boe ae Yhul sample space, S Aas equally Mhely ovteomes . @) Addybyonal Examples he Ld Aand B be ang feo euntts rh sample space ,S. PIA) = 0,6» PB)=0,5 and PLANB)=0,3,Find P(AUB'). PCAUB) = PIA) +PC8')~ PrANB') and PiA)= PLANE) + PCANB') =) PeAnb!)= P(A) PCAOB) Pe) =1— PCB)= 1-95 20,5 fs = 06-93 =O03 =) PAVE) = 9.640.503 = 08 2. 10 dishnpvithable bolle ave abstr bited tale yo boxes aumbered L through 10. Find the prob. that onky one box ws emp Le Az 0a fy one box t's empl} PIA) = @ PUN)- 2LAY where nes) = 70". ( Bell Balle ». Bally \ atsy 10» 0-41.40 | Lt A, § only box AL 15 emph | then PCA) = 10 PCA,) MAY= 2 AA) = (2)+5. el = AE 9-H -G5)31 2H 3 a MOSS be Gsg! _ GSS! > PCA) Ore =) PIA)= /o a — es 3B. Thee are M seemingh, flenhhead components nan elec teonie sysden m of these componeets ale che. Thug dhe up randomly jn a tLshear older, The system ts Jeretioncd ro two Achebe comporsnds ore parca What r's te pee thd such sysden Ws fenctionel e Lt Arf the system ts fenetrsnal § PA) =e ¢ (9) 74 m defectives lo) Nain fonctbant (F) The systen will aot Fe forctonal (PP) =0) when m> eth Whereas the system willl be qenchonal (PIA) >0 ) when met +i. Cell verity Yha's exffer we ecompude the clestked/ NM probabilta’ is Wein e) Bee PIA\- BR Fy Fan nF ff there cre.” Vm aS Phere willbe Aamyl Places fo replace defectives. Since componeads ove seemtlagh dendicod Cddechioes and fonchoaals are not abide purshab& .) ncAy=(“ ar!) SSA and nis) © (Aem\) ml if Ch ) (ntl) HA) = —— . m Cn) ef N23 M=4 => G feachonule , PUY #O becouse mage Yr1=5. but Jor N-k 4 me5 a Mr(a2+1~-5 fen A= O or M5 PA)=A0- —_——— 0 (oe)

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