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Unit 1

The document introduces data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. It defines each topic, compares the differences between them, and provides examples of applications and limitations. Classification and process of machine learning are explained in detail.

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36 views

Unit 1

The document introduces data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. It defines each topic, compares the differences between them, and provides examples of applications and limitations. Classification and process of machine learning are explained in detail.

Uploaded by

rk73462002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 1:

INTRODUCTION OF DATA SCIENCE AND MACHINE


LEARNING

DATA SCIENCE AND


MACHINE LEARNING

AMAL YADAV
MPIT, AMROHA
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
What is Artificial Intelligence?
▪ Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of
human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think and act like humans.
▪ It involves the development of algorithms and
computer programs that can perform tasks that
typically require human intelligence such as visual
perception, speech recognition, decision-making,
and language translation.
▪ AI has the potential to revolutionize many industries
and has a wide range of applications, from virtual
personal assistants to self-driving cars.
Why Artificial Intelligence?

▪ With the help of AI, we can create such software or devices which can solve
real-world problems very easily and with accuracy such as health issues,
marketing, traffic issues, etc.
▪ We can create your personal virtual Assistant, such as Cortana, Google
Assistant, Siri, etc.
▪ We can build such Robots which can work in an environment where survival of
humans can be at risk.
▪ AI opens a path for other new technologies, new devices, and new
Opportunities.
Classification of AI
Types of AI

TYPE – 1: Based on Capabilities TYPE – 2: Based on Functionality


1. Reactive Machines:
✔ do not store memories or past experiences for future actions.
✔ Example : Google's AlphaGo
2. Limited Memory:
✔ can use stored data for a limited time period only
✔ Example: Self-driving cars
3. Theory of Mind:
✔ should understand the human emotions, people, beliefs, and be
able to interact socially like humans
✔ Example: Not developed till now
4. Self-Awareness:
✔ These machines will be super intelligent, and will have their own
consciousness, sentiments, and self-awareness
✔ These machines will be smarter than human mind
✔ Example: does not exist in reality still and it is a hypothetical concept
Applications of AI
Drawbacks of AI

• Bias and unfairness: AI systems can perpetuate and amplify existing biases in data
and decision-making.
• Lack of transparency and accountability: Complex AI systems can be difficult to
understand and interpret, making it challenging to determine how decisions are
being made.
• Job displacement: AI has the potential to automate many jobs, leading to job loss
and a need for reskilling.
• Security and privacy risks: AI systems can be vulnerable to hacking and other
security threats, and may also pose privacy risks by collecting and using personal
data.
• Ethical concerns: AI raises important ethical questions about the use of technology
for decision-making, including issues related to autonomy, accountability, and
human dignity.
DATA SCIENCE
What is Data Science?

o Data Science is the study of data. It is about


extracting, analyzing, visualizing, managing and
storing data to create insights. These insights help
the companies to make powerful data-driven
decisions.

o It is a multidisciplinary field that has its roots in


statistics, math and computer science.

o Data Science is about finding patterns in data,


through analysis, and make future predictions.
The Data Science Process

1) Ask the right questions - To understand the business problem.


Data Science Tools
2) Explore and collect data - From database, web logs, customer feedback, etc.
3) Extract the data - Transform the data to a standardized format.
4) Clean the data - Remove erroneous values from the data.
5) Find and replace missing values - Check for missing values and replace them
with a suitable value (e.g. an average value).
6) Normalize data - Scale the values in a practical range (e.g. 140 cm is smaller
than 1.8 m. However, the number 140 is larger than 1.8. - so scaling is
important).
7) Analyze data, find patterns and make future predictions.
8) Represent the result - Present the result with useful insights in a way the
"company" can understand.
Need Application Cons
• We are living in the age of • For route planning: To • Large Amount of
the fourth industrial discover the best Domain Knowledge
routes to ship
revolution. This is the era Required
of AI and Big Data. • To foresee delays for
flight/ship/train etc. • Arbitrary Data May
• Around 2.5 Exabyte of (through predictive Yield Unexpected
Data is created each day. analysis)
There is a massive data Results
• To create promotional
explosion that has resulted offers • Problem of Data
in the culmination of new • To find the best suited Privacy
technologies and smarter time to deliver goods
products. • Mastering Data
• To forecast the next
• Industries need data to help years revenue for a Science is near to
them make careful company impossible
decisions. • To analyze health
benefit of training
• Data Science churns raw
data into meaningful • To predict who will win
insights elections
What is Data Mining?

o Through Data Mining, we extract useful


information in a given dataset to extract patterns
and identify relationships.

o Key features of Data Mining are –


✔ Prediction of Patterns based on trends in the
data.
✔ Calculating the predictions for the outcomes.
✔ Creating information in response to the
analysis
✔ Focusing on greater databases.
✔ Clustering the visual data
MACHINE LEARNING
What is Machine Learning?
• A subset of artificial intelligence known as machine learning
focuses primarily on the creation of algorithms that enable a
computer to independently learn from data and previous
experiences.
• The Machine Learning algorithm's operation:

• Features of ML:
✔ Machine learning uses data to detect various patterns in
a given dataset.
✔ It can learn from past data and improve automatically.
a) Supervised Learning
❑ sample labeled
data are provided
to the machine
learning system
for training, and
the system then
predicts the
output based on
the training data.
❑ Supervised
learning can be
grouped further in
two categories of
algorithms:
✔ Classification
✔ Regression
b) Unsupervised Learning
❑ The training is provided
to the machine with the
set of data that has not
been labeled, classified,
or categorized, and the
algorithm needs to act
on that data without
any supervision. The
goal of unsupervised
learning is to
restructure the input
data into new features
or a group of objects
with similar patterns.
❑ It can be further
classifieds into:
✔ Clustering
✔ Association
c) Reinforcement Learning
❑ Reinforcement learning is a
feedback-based learning
method, in which a learning
agent gets a reward for each
right action and gets a penalty
for each wrong action.
❑ The agent learns automatically
with these feedbacks and
improves its performance. The
goal of an agent is to get the
most reward points, and hence,
it improves its performance.
✔ The robotic dog, which
automatically learns the
movement of his arms, is an
example of Reinforcement
Application Advantage Disadvantage
Comparison between AI, ML and DS
COMPARISON VIDEO
THANK YOU

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