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    1 Quick Intoduction T part-II

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    This document provides an introduction to automatic control systems, including examples of control systems and a discussion of key terminology like physical systems, control systems, linear and non-linear systems, and methods for studying control systems. It also covers the general rules and components of automatic control systems.

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    1 Quick Intoduction T part-II

    Uploaded by

    omarlotfy455
    15 views13 pages
    This document provides an introduction to automatic control systems, including examples of control systems and a discussion of key terminology like physical systems, control systems, linear and non-linear systems, and methods for studying control systems. It also covers the general rules and components of automatic control systems.

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    1 quick intoduction t part-II

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    This document provides an introduction to automatic control systems, including examples of control systems and a discussion of key terminology like physical systems, control systems, linear and non-linear systems, and methods for studying control systems. It also covers the general rules and components of automatic control systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views13 pages

    1 Quick Intoduction T part-II

    Uploaded by

    omarlotfy455
    This document provides an introduction to automatic control systems, including examples of control systems and a discussion of key terminology like physical systems, control systems, linear and non-linear systems, and methods for studying control systems. It also covers the general rules and components of automatic control systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Introduction to

    Part-II
    Introduction To Automatic Control Systems

    1‐1 Introduction Examples of control systems

    Steam mass flow‐rate

    The watt centrifugal speed governor


    Dr. Soliman Elnaggar 2
    Introduction to Automatic control systems

    Dr. Soliman Elnaggar 3


     Speed Control System.
    The basic principle of a Watt's speed governor for an engine is illustrated

    The amount of fuel admitted to the engine is adjusted according to the difference
    between the desired and the actual engine speeds. The speed governor is
    adjusted such that, at the desired speed, no pressured oil will flow into either side
    of the power cylinder.
    4
     Speed Control System (Cont.)
    If the actual speed drops below the desired value due to
    disturbance, then the decrease in the centrifugal force of the speed
    governor causes the control valve to move downward, supplying more
    fuel, and the speed of the engine increases until the desired value is
    reached. On the other hand, if the speed of the engine increases above
    the desired value, then the increase in the centrifugal force of the
    governor causes the control valve to move upward. This decreases the
    supply of fuel, and the speed of the engine decreases until the desired
    value is reached.

    5
    Technical Terminology
    Physical System
    A physical system is a component (device) or a collection
    of components (devices) in the natural world, acting
    together to perform a specific desired performance
    (objective).
    ‐ Dynamically systems: in which, although the Inputs are
    constant, the outputs change with significant rate.

    ‐ Statically system: in which, the outputs remain


    constant and changes only when the inputs
    change.
    A Control System
    Is a system which provides a desired performance (system
    response) according to a wanted objective called the system
    input
    Disturbances

    Input signal Output signal


    Cause Effect
    Objective Control System Result
    Action Response
    Reference Energy Source
    Desired

    A Control System
    Input Performance
    General feedback Control System
    Disturbance

    Error Controlled Manipulated


    Set-point signal Signal Variable signal
    or
    Reference Actual
    input + + Output
    +
    + Controller Actuator + Process
    -

    Sensor
    Feedback Signal

    The performance of the closed‐loop control system can be divided to:


    Servo
    The main purpose is to maintain the controlled variable follow in
    some way the reference input.
    Regulator
    Whose running function is to maintain the controlled variable
    essentially constant at a given level.
    3- Linear and non-linear control system:
    If the differential equation describing the system
    has coefficients that are either functions only of the
    independent variable or constants, the system is said
    to linear. Also, a mathematical model of a system is
    said to be linear, if it obeys both the principle of
    superposition (if x1 leads to y1 and x2 leads to y2,
    then the effect of x1+ x2 should leads to y1+ y2) and
    homogeneity (if the input x is multiplied by a
    constant, B, then the output should be a multiple of
    B as well).
    The general Rules of the Automatic Control System

    1) The controlled variable must be applicable to


    control

    2) The output must be measured

    3) The actual output value must be compared with


    the desired value to extract the actuating signal

    4) The controller must be designed for required


    performance
    The Methods of Studying the Control Systems
    There are two methods to study and design the
    control system:

    1- Empirical Method

    2- Analytical Method
    Physical Modeling
    Mathematically Modeling
    Analysis
    A‐ Quantitative Analysis
    B‐ Qualitative Analysis
    Design
    Introduction to Automatic control systems

    Conclusion:
     system properties or characteristic, System ,plant
    or process, actuator, controller, sensor,.

     System performance, Accuracy, stability, speed of


    response

     Disturbance, input, output, error signal

     Open loop control system, closed loop control


    system, feedback control system,

    Dr. Soliman Elnaggar 12


    Introduction to Automatic control systems

    Dr. Soliman Elnaggar 13

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