0

PART I. 1.2 Number Relationship with a Variable

1. VARIABLES & MATHEMATICAL A number relationship can be expressed with a

EXPRESSIONS variable. (This is used in word problems.)

To solve word problems, you must master how “Jane is five years older than Bob”
to write mathematical expressions for a word
phrase. This requires that you know how to would be B + 5 = J (Bob’s age plus 5 = Jane’s
use a variable to represent an unknown age)
number.
Mathematical Expressions for a word phrase:
1.1 A variable representing one  The product of 8 and a number:
unknown number 8n
 A number divisible by (or divided by) 2: n
In the equation, (15 + ? = 25), the question ÷2
mark can be replaced with a letter. That letter  The sum of 12 and a number:
represents a number and is called a variable. 12 + n
We can find the variable because we know  One less than a number: n
both sides of the equation (one side equals the -1
other). If we only had one side of the equation,  6 more than a number: n
the side with the variable, it would be called an +6
𝑛
algebraic expression (e.g., 15 + t). (A  Three less than half of a number:
2
numerical expression is simply a name for a -3
number: 8 +2 or 3 x 4, for example.) To find
the value of algebraic expression 15 + t we Use this skill to write equations for word
must assign a number to the variable (t) then problems.
carry out the operation (add).
Let’s Try!
Find the value of the expressions below: Write a mathematical expression for the word
phrases below.
Ans.
x + 7 where x = 12 (19) 1. A number decreased by 7: n-7
n ÷ 5 where n = 35 (7) 2. 5 more than a number: n+5
1 𝑛
7 - y where y = 3 (4) 3. One fifth of a number: 𝑛 or
5 5

𝑛
4. Twenty diminished by a number: 20 - n
n ÷ 5 is the same as : the bar in a fraction 5. The number x is half of y: x= 𝑦
1
5 2
can be read “divided by.” 6. One number x is twice a second number y:
x = 2y

1
7. The sum of two numbers a and b is 25: Jacob’s age when Tatiana is y years
a+b= 25 old.
8. A boy will be (t) years old four years Ans. y -2
from now; represent his age five years
ago: 4. Greg bought a box of 45 biscuits for
Solution: now=t-4 his dog. Each time he takes his dog
Five years ago (t-4)-5=t-9 to the park, he gives her 2 biscuits.
9. The length (L) of a rectangle is Now there are only 23 biscuits left.
21inches greater than the width (W): Write an equation that can be used to
L = W + 21 find the number of times t that Greg
10. Seven more than the product of 5 took his dog to the park.
and a number is 3 less than that Ans. 2t + 23 = 45
number:
7+ 5n = n-3 or 7 + 5n +3 = n 5. Flora earns $7.00 an hour babysitting.
Write an equation that can be used to
determine s, her salary in dollars, if she
1.3 Using Mathematical baby-sat h hours each day for 8 days.
Expressions to write Ans. Ans. s = 8(7.00h)
equations for actual word
problems. Let’s Try!

1. Working together, Sophia and 1. Jacqueline receives as a gift a photo

Elizabeth collected 44 seashells from album with space for 64 pictures and
the beach. If Sophia collected s spends the afternoon filling it with
seashells, write an expression that photos. If she has space left for 35
shows the number of seashells pictures in the album, which of the
collected by Elizabeth. following could be used to find p, the
Ans. 44 - s number of pictures she has put in the
album?
2. There are 3 times as many girls as A. 64(p)=35
boys in a school club. There are 9 B. p(35)=64
boys in the club. Write an equation C. p + 35 = 64
that can be used to find g, the D. p - 35 = 64
number of girls in the club.
Ans. g = 3(9)

3. Tatiana was 2 years old when her 2. Maureen is 4 times as old as Jeniffer. If j
brother Jacob was born. Write an represents Jeniffer’s age now, write an
expression that can be used to find expression that represents Maureen’s age
five years from now in terms of j.
2
 A. 4j If values for variables are known, we can
B. j + 5 evaluate algebraic expressions.
C. 5(j+4)
D. 4(j + 5) Evaluate the following expressions. The first
E. 4j + 5 one has been done for you.
Ans.
3. Arlene was n years old 5 years ago. How old
will she be 10 years from now? 1. 44 - s, where s = 17 27
A. n + 10
B. (n - 5) + 10 2. y - 2, where y = 25 23
C. (n + 5) - 10
D. (n - 5) - 10 3. 2t + 23 = 45, Solve for t 11
E. (n + 5) + 10
4. s = 8 (7.00h), where h = 3 168
4. There are n students in a class. If p students
play a musical instrument, which represents 5. p + 35 = 64, Solve for p 29
the fractional part of the class that does NOT
play an instrument? 6. 4j + 5, where j = 12 53
𝑝
A.
𝑛

𝑛−𝑝
7. (n + 5) + 10, where n = 24 39
B.
𝑛

𝑛
C.
𝑝 PART II. Common Word Problems
𝑛−𝑝
D.
𝑝
Definitions
 R-epresentation
5. Vin bought 25 tokens for the bridge
 E-quation
tollbooth. He uses 2 tokens each time he
 S-olution
makes the trip to his sister’s in the city.
 I-nterpretation
Now there are only 11 tokens left. Which
 Consecutive nos. (1,2,3,4…) intervals of
equation can be used to find the number of
1
times t that Vin made the trip to his sister’s?
𝑡
A. - 11 = 25  Consecutive nos. (2,4,6…), (1,3,5…)
2
intervals of 2
B. 2𝑡 - 11 = 25
𝑡
C. + 11 = 25
2
D. 2𝑡 + 11 = 25

1. APPLICATIONS OF RATIO &

1.4 Evaluating Algebraic Expressions.
PROPORTION

1.1 Ratios - Part to Part, no whole

3
 Assume 18 apples. Any number works, but
The ratio of apples to oranges is 3 to 2. There pick a multiple of 3 that will divide evenly to
are 15 apples. How many oranges? avoid fractions.

Cross-multiply to solve for X

If answer not obvious. X = 10
With 18 apples there are 12 oranges.

You can put all apples on top or all apples on

bottom, but don’t mix in one equation.

1.2 Sharing a quantity in a given ratio

The ratio of apples to oranges is 3 to 2. There

is a total of 50 apples and oranges. How many With 18 apples, there are 16 pears

oranges? or 18/16 or 9/8.

Add up the total parts: 3 +2 = 5 parts

Work out what one part is worth: 5 parts = 50 1.4 Increasing/Decreasing in a given ratio

so 1 part = 50/5= 10
Work out what parts are worth: Oranges has 3 It took 8 people 6 days to build a house. At

parts, so the same rate, how long would it take 3

people?
3 x 10= 30 oranges

On a multiple-choice problem, work Time for 8 people = 6 days

backward from answers. Only one answer Time for 1 person = 8 x 6 = 48 days. It takes

works. one person longer to build a house.

Time for 3 people = 48/3= 16 days
3 people will take 1/3 the time taken by 1

1.3 Multiple Ratios person.

The ratio of apples to oranges is 3 to 2.

The ratio of oranges to pears is 3 to 4.
What is the ratio of apples to pears? It’s NOT 2. Consecutive Numbers

3 to 4.
Sample Problems:

Do one ratio at a time:

4
 1. The sum of three consecutive numbers 5x = 100
is 84. x = 20
Find the middle digit.
I: x, the smallest number is 20.
Solution
R: x be the lowest number, x+1 middle 3. Geometry
number, Definitions
x+2 highest number. Regular polygon- A polygon with equal side
lengths.
E: x+(x+1)+(x+2)=84 Complementary Angles- Angles that sum up
to 90 degrees.
S: 3x+3 = 84 Supplementary Angles- Angles that sum up to
3x+3-3=84-3 180 degrees.
3x = 81
(3x)/3 = 81/3
x = 27
Sample Problems
I: x=27, lowest number
x+1=28, middle number 1. The perimeter of a regular hexagon is
96 meters. Find the length of its side.
2. If you add the two pages of the book
Mario is reading, the sum is 227. Find Solution
the pages. Formula for Perimeter, P
P = sum of all sides,
Solution R: A hexagon has 6 sides.
I: x= 113 If x is its side, then the perimeter
x+1= 114 (sum of all sides) is
Pages 113 and 114 E: P = x+x+x+x+x+x
S: P = 6x
3. The sum of 5 consecutive even nos. is 96 = 6x
120. Find the smallest number. 96/6=6x/6
16 = x
Solution I: The side's length is equal to 16 meters.
R: x, smallest number
x+2, x+4, x+6 and x+8 2. The length of a rectangle is 5 less than
twice its width. Find the area if the
E: x+(x+2)+(x+4)+(x+6)+(x+8) = 120 perimeter is 80m.

S: 5x + 20 = 120 Solution
5x + 20 - 20 = 120 - 20 Formula for Area, A
5
 A rectangle = L * W
Where L = length Definitions
W = width • Total Value = Sum of (Value * Number of
R: w, width Pieces)
2w-5, length • Examples: P5(12pcs), P10(8pcs), P1(10pcs)
E: P=2L + 2W • Total Value = 5(12) + 10(8) + 1(10)
S: P=2(2w-5)+2w = 60+80+10 = P150
80=4w-10+2w
90=6w Sample Problem
I: w=15, l=25, therefore the area is 375m 2. 1. I have a mix of 1, 5, and 10 peso coins.
There are as many 5 peso coins as 10
3. An angle is twice its complement. Find peso coins. There are twice as many 1
the angle. peso coins as 5 peso coins. All in all,
my money sums to P170. How many of
Solution each coin do I have?
R: x, complement
2x, angle Solution
E: x + 2x = 90 R: x, number of 5 peso coins
S: 3x = 90 x, number of 10 peso coins
3x/3=90/3 2x, number of 1-peso coins
x = 30 E: 5(x) + 10(x) + 1(2x) = 170
I: the complement is 30 degrees, and the S: 5x + 10x + 2x = 170
angle is 60 degrees. 17x = 170
17x/17 = 170/17
x = 10, 2x = 20
4. An angle is 20 more than thrice its I: there are 10 pcs of both 5 and 10 peso
supplement. Find the angle. coins, and 20pcs of 1-peso coin.

Solution 2. I have equal number of 20 and 50 peso

R: x, supplement bills, and some 100 peso bills. If all in
3x+20, angle all I have P1200 pesos and 25 pcs of
E: x + (3x+20) = 180 bills, how many of each bill do I have?
S: 4x + 20 = 180
4x + 20 - 20 = 180 - 20 Solution
4x = 160 R: x, number of 20-peso bill
4x/4 = 160/4, x=40 x, number of 50-peso bill
I: the angle is 140 degrees, its supplement is 25-2x(sum of the two previous number of
40 degrees. bills),
number of 100 peso bills
4. Money E: 20(x)+50(x)+100(25-2x)=1200
6
S: 20x+50x+2500-200x=1200
2500-130x = 1200 3. Jack is 5 years older than Tim. If Jack’s
1300 = 130x age 5 years from now is twice Tim’s age
130x = 1300 5 years ago, find their current ages.
x = 10
I: There are 10 pcs of 20-peso bill, 10 pcs of Solution
50-peso bill and 5 pcs of 100-peso bill. R: Let x be Tim’s age, and x+5 be Jack’s age
Past age Current Future
5. Age Age Age
Jack ------- X+5 (X+5)+5
1. If my age four years from now is twice ----
my age four years ago, what is my Tim x-5 X --------
current age? ------
E: (X+5) +5=2(x-5)
S: X+10=2X-10
Solution I: X= 20
Make a table for values for the representation. : Tim is 20 years old and Jack is 25 years old
R: Let X be the present Age
Past Age Present Age Future Age
x-4 X X+4 6. Work
E: x+4=2(x-4)
S: x+4=2x-8 Definitions
Amount of Work Done = (Rate of work done per
12=x
amount of time)*(Time)
WORK= RATE*TIME
2. Ana gave birth to her daughter at the
age of 28. Now she is 5 times her Sample Problems:
daughter’s age. Find the daughter’s
1. If Jorge can do a job in 6 hours and Tina can do
age. the same in 8 hours, how long will it take the
two of them to do the job TOGETHER?
Solution
Let x be the daughter’s current age
Age at Birth Current Age Solution
Anna 28 28+x R: In an hour Jorge can do 1/6 of the job
In an hour Tina can do 1/8 of the job
Daughter 0 x
E: x/6 + x/8 = 1
E: 28+x=5(x) S: (8x + 6x)/48 =1
S: 28+x-x=5x-x 14x = 48
28=4x x = 48/14 or 24/7
I: They can do a job together in 24/7 hours or 3 and 6/7
x=7
hours
I: the daughter is 7 years old

7
 2. A pipe can fill a tank in 10 hours, whereas a
drain can empty its contents in 15 hours. If I
1. Mr. Chan invested equal amounts to
accidentally opened both the pipe and the
drain, how long will it take to fill the tank? two firms each paying at rates 5% and
8% per annum (per year). If after 1 year
Solution he collected interests which sum to
R: In an hour a pipe can fill 1/10 of x time
P2600, how much did he invest all in
whereas the drain can empty 1/15 of x.
E: (x/10)-(x/15) = 1 all?
S: (6x-4x)/60 = 1
2x = 60 Solution
x = 30
I: If both the pipe and drain were opened, it will take 30 R: Let x be the amount invested each at 5%
hours to fill up and 8%
E: (5/100)x + (8/100) x = 2600
3. Steve can do a Job in 8 hours and Mark can do a
S: 5x + 8x = 260,000
job in 6 hours. If Steve did the job alone in 2
hours then helped by Mark, how long will it 13x = 260,000
take them to finish the remaining job? x = 20,000
I: He invested P20,000 each at 5% and 8%.
Solution
R: If Steve did the job alone in 2 hours then
we can say that he has finished 2/8 or ¼ the job. 2. Mr. Wei splits his money, which
E: (1/8 + 1/6)*x = ¾ <-(1-1/4); ¾ remains because ¼ amounts to P50,000 to two investments
job WAS DONE ALREADY. that pay 7% and 10% p.a. respectively.
S: x/8+x/6 = 3/4
After a year he collects interest
(6x+8x)/48 = ¾
(14x)/12 = 1 amounting to P4400. How much did he
14 x = 12 invest in each?
x = 12/14 or 6/7
I: They can finish the remaining job in 6/7 hours.
Solution
R: x be the amount invested at 7%
7. Investments (50,000-x) be the amount invested at 10%
E: (7/100)(x) + (10/100)(50,000-x) = 4400
Definitions S: 7x + 10(50,000-x) = 440,000
The P-R-B Triangle 7x + 500,000 - 10x = 440,000
P-ercentage(value of the part) 500,000 – 3x = 440,000
R-ate(its value in %) 60,000 = 3x; x(at 7%)= P20,000,
B-ase(the whole) at 10% = P30,000

P=R*B
R=P/B 8. Mixture
B=P/R Definitions
•Solute – Part of the solution dissolved by the
Sample Problems: solvent. If water and other solvent were added,
%sol(sol/soln) becomes smaller.
8
 I: You should add 12 L of salt.
•Solvent – Part of the solution that dissolves 9. Uniform Motion
the solute. If salt, powder, and other solute
were added, %solv(solv/soln) becomes smaller. Definitions
•Uniform Motion – Speed is the same all
•Solution = Solute + Solvent throughout the trip.
•Distance = (Speed)*(Time)
Sample Problems: •3 Cases of Uniform Motion Problems:
–Moving Towards Each Other
1. How much water should you add to a –Moving Away From Each Other
25% concentrated 20L solution to make –Chase
it 20% concentrated?
Sample Problems:
Solution
R: Let x be the amount of water added Case 1: Moving Towards Each Other
E: amount solute = (conc)(vol) Two trains travel toward each other. Their
(25/100) (20) + 0 = (20/100) (20+x) initial distance from each other is 2800m, and
***note: we added 0 because addition of water they reach each other after 40s. Find their
has no effect on the amount of solute. speeds if the first train is 10m/s faster?
S: 5 = 1/5(20+x)
5 = 4 + (1/5) (x) Solution
1= (1/5 x); x = 5 R: Let x be the speed of the slower train
I: You should add 5 L. x+10 be the speed of the faster train
E: time*speed = distance
2. How much salt should you add to a 25% 40(x+10) + 40(x) = 2800
48L brine solution to make it 40% S: 40x + 400 + 40x = 2800
concentrated? 80x + 400 = 2800
80x = 2400; x=30, x+10=40
Solution I: The first train’s speed is 40m/s, and 30/s
R: Let x be the amount of salt added for the second.
E: amount solute = (conc)(vol)
(25/100) (48) + x = (40/100) (48+x)
***notice that here we added x because pure Case 2: Moving Away From Each Other
salt increases the amount of salt by x Two trucks, with the first one faster than the
S: ¼ (48) + x = (2/5) (48+x) second by 20kph, travel away from each other.
12 + x = (96/5) + (2/5) (x) Find their speeds if, after 15 hours, they are
12 + (3/5) (x)= 96/5 1500km apart?
60 + 3x = 96
3x = 36 Solution
x = 12 R: Let x be the speed of the slower truck
9
 x+20 be the speed of the faster truck
E: time*speed = distance Double O’s café serves two desserts, cake, and
15(x+20) + 15(x) = 1500 a pie. They also serve three beverages, coffee,
S: 15x + 300 + 15x = 1500 tea, or juice. Suppose you choose one dessert
30x + 300 = 1500 and one beverage. How many possible
30x = 1200; x=40, x+20=60 outcomes are there?
I: The two trucks travel at speeds 40 and
60kph. Solution:
Use a tree diagram,
Case 3: Chase
A truck leaves a toll gate at 5pm, with a speed
of 50kph. If a car leaves the same toll gate at
7pm, but with a speed of 70kph, what time
will the car meet the truck?
There are six possible outcomes.

Solution
Using the Fundamental Principle of Counting, we
R: If the truck left at 5pm, then no matter
how many in (t) hours the car travels, have

the truck traveled (t+2) hours

𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓
(𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑠 ) x (𝐵𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓
) = (𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑁𝑜 .𝑜𝑓
)
t -> time traveled by car 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

t+2 -> time traveled by truck 2 x 3 = 6

E: When they meet, they should have covered
the same distance Let’s Try!
50 (t+2) = 70 (t)
50t + 100 = 70t Rene Alarcon is a disc jockey. He chooses
100 = 20t different types of records for each hour of his
t=5hrs, or 5 hours after the car left three-hour program. The possible choices are
or t+2=7hrs after the truck left listed below. How many possible outcomes are
I: They will meet at 12mn. there?

First Hour
10. COUNTING TECHNIQUES Rock
Folk
If one thing can occur in m ways and a second
thing can occur in n ways, and a third thing
can occur in p ways, and so on, then the Second Hour
sequence of things can occur in Instrumental
m x n x p x… ways. Jazz

Example1: Third Hour

10
Opera
Classical

Solution:
Draw a tree diagram.
Using the fundamental principle of counting: 6 x
6 = 36

11. PROBABILITY

Number of OK Outcomes
There are 8 possible outcomes. Total Number of Outcomes

Another way to find the number of possible Example 1:

outcomes is to use the Fundamental Principle of A student has 15 dirty shirts and 5 clean shirts
Counting. in his dorm room. Randomly picking a shirt in
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓
( 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 ) x
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓
( 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 ) x
𝑁𝑜 .𝑜𝑓
( 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 ) = the dark, what is the probability of picking a
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑜 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟
clean shirt?
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓
( 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 ) (It’s not 5/15, the ratio of clean to dirty shirts)
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

2 x 2 x 2 = 8
First, find the total number of outcomes,
which is 20 (15 dirty + 5 clean).
Example2:
Three coins are tossed. How many outcomes are
Ok Outcomes_ = 5 = 1
possible?
Total Outcomes 20 4

Solution:
Example 2:
Each coin can land in one of two ways: head or
When rolling two dice with numbers 1-6, what
tail.
is the probability of rolling a combination of 2
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 and 3?
( 𝑜𝑟 )
𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠
x ( 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠
𝑜𝑟 ) x ( 𝑜𝑟 )
𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠

2 x 2 x 2 = 8 The total number of outcomes is 36.

There are 2 OK outcomes: (2,3) & (3,2)
2 1
There are 8 possible outcomes. Probability: =
36 18

Let’s Try! Let’s Try!

Suppose you draw one card at random from a
When rolling 2 dice each with numbers 1-6, how standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the
many possible outcomes are there? probability of each outcome.

11
 1
a. the king of hearts A different question may have unlimited
18
13 1
b. a red card = (re)selection of choices. If Jane can re-wear the
52 52
c. a seven, an eight, or a nine
12
dresses multiple times, then she could wear
52
d. not a diamond
39 the same dress three times (AAA, BBB or CCC)
52
e. a jack or an ace
8 or wear a dress twice (AAB, BBA….).
52

Because of repeated selections, there are 3

12. PERMUTATIONS: Orderings or
possibilities for the first dress AND 3
arrangements in a specific order
possibilities for the second dress and 3
possibilities for the third dress.
Jane has 3 dresses (make the dresses A, B, and
Multiply 3 • 3 • 3 = 27.
C).
If she wears a different dress on three
Hard ordering questions may add oddball
different nights, how many possibilities are
conditions such as Jane can’t wear dress A on
there?
the first night. Do as above but with only two
possibilities for the first night.
For easy problems with a small number of
Multiply 2 • 3 • 3 = 18.
outcomes, the possibilities can be listed down:

ABC, ACB,
13. COMBINATIONS: Choosing groups
BAC, BCA,
without regard to the order
CAB, CBA
6 different possibilities
Again, Jane has 3 dresses but wants to take 2
of the 3 on a trip.
OR there are 3 options for the first night (A,B,
How many possibilities are there?
or C), 2 options for the second night
(the two remaining dresses)
For easy problems with a small number of
and 1 option for the last night
outcomes,
(the one remaining dress).
possibilities can be written:
Multiply 3 • 2 • 1 = 6.
(This is three factorial or 3!)
AB, AC, BA, BC, CA, CB

But before you answer six, note that AB and BA

are the same combinations. Likewise, (AC and
CA) and (BC and CB). Cross out the duplicates.

OR there are 3 options for the first dress and,

12.1 Oddball Selections
2 options for the second dress (the two
remaining dresses).

12
Multiply 3 • 2 = 6. But there are two ordering Area = π R2
of each combination. Divide by 2. (2!) Remember it’s the radius squared, not the
diameter squared. If you square the diameter,

In general divide by the number of drawn above outside the circle for easier
permutations (orderings) of the chosen comparison, you get a square box larger than
(smaller) group, which is its the circle.
factorial.

16. STATISTICS
14. SETS, Double Counting

5 students play chess. 16.1 Average: Arithmetic Mean

4 students play football.
2 students play both chess and Sum of Terms
football. How many students are playing Number of Terms
sports?
Average 5, 5, 10, 20:
It’s not 5+4 = 9, because this double-counts
5+5+10+20 = 10
the students
4
who play both. It’s 5+4-2 = 7.
Add sets, subtract intersection.
16.2 Mode: Most frequently
occurring number.
15. CIRCLES
Mode of 5, 5, 10, and 20 is 5.

16.3 Median: Number in middle

when numbers ordered from
smallest to largest.

Median of
10, 11, 17, 19 and 20 is 17.
Remember it’s 3.14 times the diameter, not
the radius. If you take 3.14 times the radius, Median of an EVEN number of terms: Since
drawn above outside the circle for easier there is no single middle number, the
comparison, you can see that you will only get median is halfway between the two middle
halfway around the circle

13
numbers or the average of the two middle
numbers. 70+70+70+80+80+80+80+80 =
8

Median of 10, 13, 19, and 20?

3•70+5•80 = 76.25
8
The two middle numbers are 13 and 19.
Halfway between or the average is 16. Difficult weighted average questions use
variables (a,b) for the number of students:
16.4. Range: The difference between the
largest and smallest value of a set of a•70+b•80
numbers a+b

Range of 18, 59, 31 ,6, 30,21, and 66 16.6 Finding a missing value when given the
Range = 66-6= 60 average or mean

16.5 Weighted Average

A class of 3 students has an average grade of

70. The other class of 5 students has an
average of 80. What is the average for the
school? (It’s NOT 75.)

Assume ALL 3 students in the first class got

exactly 70.
Assume ALL 5 five in the second class got
exactly 80.
45 + 44 + 51 + 𝑦
= 48
4
140 + 𝑦
= 48
4
140 + 𝑦 = 48 𝑥 4
140 + 𝑦 = 192
𝑦 = 52

Compute usual average: References:

Sum of Terms = SAT Math Notes

Number of Terms By Steve Baba, Ph.D
14
Basic Mathematics
By Christian D. Ramirez

Maximum Math
By Kathryn Stout B.S.Ed., M.Ed.

GCSE Maths Foundation Revision Guide

By Fiona Mapp

15
Word Problems
Practice Set

16
 NATIONAL MEDICAL ADMISSION TEST REVIEW
Word Problems Practice Set
20 items/35 minutes

DIRECTION: For each of the problems below, choose the correct answer from the choices given. On your Answer Sheet,
shade completely the bubble that corresponds to your answer.

1.) There are 3 numbers whose sum is 54. One number is double and triple the other two numbers. What are the three
numbers?

A. 10, 20, 34 B. 9, 15, 30 C. 8, 16, 30 D. 9, 18, 27 E. 7, 14, 21

2.) Eight workers earn a total average salary of 44,000 pesos. If the total average monthly salary of 3 workers is 16, 500,
what is the total average monthly salary of the remaining 5 workers?

A. 26, 500 B. 27, 500 C. 37, 500 D. 31, 500 E. 23, 500

3.) Grace is 25 years younger than her mother. In 4 years, her mother will be twice as old as Grace. How old are they
now?

A. 18, 36 B. 25, 50 C. 29, 58 D. 21, 46 E. 13, 26

4.) A bus starts at North Avenue heading to somewhere in Pasay City at 48mph. Four hours later, a train leaves the same
station for Pasay City at 64mph. How long will it take before the train overtakes the bus?

A. 13 B. 14 C. 10 D. 12 E. 16

5.) The length of a rectangle is twice the width. If both length and width are decreased by 4 inches, the resulting area is
67 square inches less than the original rectangle. Find the dimensions of the original rectangle.

A. W=7, L=14 B. W=7.12, L=14.24 C. W=6.92, L=13.84 D. W= 6.84, L= 13.66 E. W=7.04, L=14.08

6.) The cooperative trust fund is P500,000. Part of the fund is invested at an annual interest rate of 6% and the rest is
invested at an annual interest rate of 8%. If the income from both investments is P39,000, how much is invested at
each rate?

A. P25,000 at 6%; P475,000 at 8%

B. P50,000 at 6%; P450,000 at 8%
C. P75,000 at 6%; P425,000 at 8%
D. P80,000 at 6%; P420,000 at 8%
E. P100,000 at 6%; P400,000 at 8%

7.) Danny can do a certain job in 6 hours. If his son helps him, they can complete the job in 3 ½ hours. How long will it
take the son to do the job by himself?

A. 4 ½ B. 5 ¾ C. 6 ½ D. 7 2/5 E. 8 2/5

8.) How many liters of alcohol must be added to 40 liters of a mixture which is 65% alcohol to obtain a mixture which is
80% alcohol?

A. 20 B. 24 C. 26 D. 28 E. 30

17
9.) A pair of dice is rolled. How many possible outcomes are there?

A. 6 B. 12 C. 16 D. 18 E. 36

10.) From four numbers, how many 4-digit codes can be made if no number is repeated in a code?

A. 12 B. 14 C. 18 D. 20 E. 24

11.) In a class of 120 students, there are 72 who like Mathematics, 69 who like English, and 7 who dislike both subjects.
How many students like both subjects?

A. 31 B. 28 C. 25 D. 22

12.) Erich has Php 467 in her wallet consisting of Php-10 and Php-1 coins. If she has six more Php-10 than Php-1 coins,
how many Php-10 coins does she have?

A. 49 B. 43 C. 37. D. 31

13.) Three times the first of three consecutive even integers is two less than twice the third. Find the second integer.

A. 16 B. 14 C. 12 D. 8

14.) Gerry can fill up a tub with water in 30 minutes, while Kenneth takes half as long to do the same job. If they work
together, how many minutes will it take them to get the job done?

A. 5 B. 7.5 C. 10 D. 22.5

15.) Sarah can paint a small house in 6 hours; Janet can do it in 9 hours, and Ferry, in 12 hours. Sarah and Janet started
painting at 8 AM. After 3 hours, Janet left for an errand but Ferry came in to help Sarah. At what time will they finish?

A. 11:30 AM B. 11:40 AM C. 11:50 AM D. 12:00 Noon

16.) It took 8 people 6 days to build a house. At the same rate, how long would it take 3 people?

A. 6 days B. 8 days C. 16 days D. 24 days

17.) One million is shared among the 3 children of a widower in the ratio 10:12:18. By how much is the largest share
greater than the smallest share?

A. 50, 000 B. 100, 000 C. 150, 000 D. 200, 000

18.) Roger’s age now is twice his age when he got married twenty-four years ago. His wife’s age then was 22. What is his
wife’s age now?

A. 36 B. 42 C. 46 D. 48

19.) Miss Sanchez made 12 quarts of mango juice which contained 20% mango concentrate. How much water would she
have to add to reduce it to 15% mango concentrate?
A. 2 4/5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. 6

20.) A sports center has 12 gates; five are on the west side and seven are on the east side. How many different ways can a
person enter by a west gate and leave by an east gate?
A. 65 B. 55 C. 45 D. 35 E. 25
18
Answer Key (Word Problems Practice Set):

1. D
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. E
8. E
9. E
10. E
11. B
12. B
13. D
14. C
15. B
16. C
17. D
18. C
19. C
20. D

19