Unity University

College of Engineering, Technology and Computational Science

Department of Computer Science and MIS
Advanced database management system
Tourism database management system
By
Emnet Mulugeta UU78411R
Maraki Kebede UU89814R
Sofonyas Natnael UU81022R

Instructor MR.
Submission date – 01-08-2024

Tourism database management system

Abstract:

Tourism Database Management Systems (DBMS) play a crucial role in the efficient organization and
retrieval of data related to the tourism industry. In the contemporary era, with the burgeoning growth of
the global tourism sector, managing vast amounts of information pertaining to travelers, destinations,
accommodations, and services has become increasingly complex. This abstract explores the significance
of Tourism DBMS in enhancing the overall efficiency of tourism-related operations.

The primary objective of Tourism DBMS is to streamline the storage and retrieval of diverse data sets
associated with tourism, including but not limited to, travel itineraries, accommodation bookings,
transportation details, and visitor preferences. The system employs a structured and organized database,
facilitating quick and accurate information retrieval, aiding tourism agencies, hoteliers, and service
providers in delivering seamless experiences to their clientele. Additionally, Tourism DBMS offers
advanced functionalities such as analytics and reporting tools, enabling stakeholders to gain valuable
insights into market trends, customer behaviors, and operational performance.

Furthermore, the abstract delves into the technological aspects of Tourism DBMS, emphasizing the use of
modern database management techniques such as relational databases, cloud-based solutions, and data
security protocols. The integration of geospatial data is highlighted as an essential feature, allowing for
effective mapping and visualization of tourist trends and destination popularity. As the tourism industry
continues to evolve, Tourism DBMS serves as a critical infrastructure, supporting the growth and
sustainability of businesses within the sector by providing a centralized and efficient platform for
managing and leveraging tourism-related data.

Acknowledgment:
We would like to express our deepest gratitude to all those who have contributed to the successful
completion of this project. It is with immense pleasure that we extend our appreciation to our mentor and
guide, [Mentor's], for their unwavering support, guidance, and invaluable insights throughout the duration
of this endeavor. Their expertise and encouragement played a pivotal role in shaping the direction of this
project.

We are also thankful to [Institution/Company Name] for providing the necessary resources and
infrastructure that facilitated the smooth progress of the project. The collaborative atmosphere and access
to cutting-edge tools were instrumental in achieving the objectives set forth.

This project has been a collective effort, and we are sincerely grateful to everyone who has been part of
this journey. Your support has been invaluable, and we are truly appreciative of the collaborative spirit
that has defined this endeavor.
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................4
2. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT.............................................................................................5
3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT............................................................................................................6
4. OBJECTIVE......................................................................................................................................6
5. OVERVIEW OF THE KEY FEATURES AND FUNCTIONALITES:........................................7
6. ENTITIES AND THERE ATTRIBUTE..........................................................................................7
7. ER-DIAGRAM..................................................................................................................................10
8. DATABASE SCHEMA....................................................................................................................12
9. SAMPLE QUERY.............................................................................................................................13

1. INTRODUCTION
The Tourism Database Management System (DBMS) serves as a comprehensive solution designed to
efficiently manage and organize information related to tourism activities. Its purpose is to streamline the
handling of data associated with travel destinations, accommodations, activities, and user interactions.
The significance of this system lies in its ability to enhance the overall tourism experience by providing a
centralized platform for storing, retrieving, and managing relevant information.

Nearly everyone goes on a vacation and a Tourism management system would play a vital role in
planning the perfect trip. The tourism management system allows the user of the system access all the
details such as weather, location, events, etc. The main purpose is to help tourism companies to manage
customer and hotels etc. The system can also be used for both professional and business trips. The
proposed system maintains centralized repository to make necessary travel arrangements and to retrieve
information easily.

In the ever-expanding global tourism industry, the effective management of information plays a crucial
role in ensuring seamless operations, customer satisfaction, and strategic decision-making. A Tourism
Database Management System (TDBMS) emerges as a pivotal tool designed to handle the intricate web
of data associated with the tourism sector. This sophisticated system not only streamlines data storage and
retrieval but also enhances the overall efficiency of managing diverse aspects within the dynamic realm of
tourism.

The Tourism Database Management System is tailored to meet the unique requirements of the tourism
industry, encompassing information related to hotels, travel itineraries, transportation services, customer
profiles, bookings, and more. Its primary objective is to facilitate the storage, organization, and retrieval
of data associated with various tourism entities, fostering a comprehensive and centralized repository.

By leveraging the capabilities of a TDBMS, tourism stakeholders can seamlessly manage reservations,
track customer preferences, analyze market trends, and optimize resource allocation. The system
contributes to enhanced customer experiences by ensuring timely and accurate information retrieval,
leading to improved service delivery and customer satisfaction.

This introduction delves into the pivotal role of a Tourism Database Management System in the tourism
sector, shedding light on its capabilities to streamline operations, enhance data-driven decision-making,
and elevate the overall efficiency of managing diverse aspects of the tourism industry. As the tourism
landscape continues to evolve, a robust TDBMS stands as a foundational element for organizations
seeking to navigate the complexities of information management in this dynamic and competitive
industry.

2. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The tourism industry is witnessing significant growth, driven by increasing global travel and a demand
for more personalized experiences. To navigate this dynamic landscape, our organization recognizes the
imperative to modernize its information management systems.

Currently, manual processes and fragmented data storage methods hamper efficiency in handling
customer bookings, hotel information, and tour packages. The reliance on paper-based systems results in
delays, errors, and a lack of centralized control over critical data. Moreover, the rising expectations of
customers for seamless and personalized booking experiences necessitate a more streamlined and
integrated approach to information management.

The goals of the documentation are to:

Facilitate Understanding: Clearly explain the purpose and functionality of the Tourism DBMS, ensuring
that users and stakeholders can comprehend its role in the tourism industry.

Enable Effective Implementation: Provide detailed insights into the system architecture, database design,
and functionalities, enabling developers to implement and maintain the DBMS effectively.

Support User Interaction: Guide end-users through the features and functionalities of the system, ensuring
a smooth and user-friendly experience.

Ensure Maintenance and Scalability: Offer guidelines for system maintenance, deployment, and
scalability, allowing administrators to sustain the DBMS in the long term and adapt it to evolving
requirements.

Showcase Achievements: Highlight the achievements and improvements made during the development
process, emphasizing the system's potential to contribute positively to the tourism sector.

By achieving these goals, the documentation aims to serve as a valuable resource for all stakeholders
involved in the Tourism DBMS, fostering a better understanding of the system's capabilities and
encouraging its effective utilization in the tourism industry.

3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of a Tourism Database Management System (DBMS) encompasses a comprehensive range of
functionalities tailored to the dynamic requirements of the tourism industry. This includes the efficient
management of extensive datasets, incorporating traveler details, booking information, accommodation
preferences, and transportation schedules. A pivotal aspect of the system's scope involves streamlining
reservation and booking processes, ensuring real-time updates and availability checks for
accommodations, transportation, and tour services. Additionally, the Tourism DBMS integrates Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) capabilities to analyze customer interactions, preferences, and
feedback, facilitating the creation of personalized experiences and fostering long-term relationships. The
inclusion of robust analytics and reporting tools empowers stakeholders to glean insights into market
trends, customer behaviors, and overall service performance. Geospatial integration enables the mapping
and visualization of tourist trends and popular destinations, while stringent security measures ensure data
protection and compliance with industry standards. Multi-channel integration, scalability, and flexibility
further define the system's scope, ensuring adaptability to the evolving landscape of the tourism sector
and facilitating seamless interactions across various platforms for an interconnected tourism ecosystem.
 4. OBJECTIVE

4.1. General objective

The general objective of the Tourism Database Management System (DBMS) is to establish a centralized
and efficient platform for managing comprehensive tourism-related information.

4.2. Specific objective

1. Database Design and Implementation:

Description: Design and implement a robust database schema to store information about destinations,
accommodations, activities, and users.

Purpose: Ensure a structured and organized data storage system that supports the Tourism DBMS
requirements.

2. User Interface Development:

Description: Develop an intuitive and visually appealing user interface for easy navigation and
interaction.

Purpose: Enhance the user experience and encourage user engagement with the Tourism DBMS.

3. Integration of Booking and Reservation Systems:

Description: Integrate booking and reservation functionalities to manage accommodation and activity
reservations.

Purpose: Streamline the booking process and improve the overall efficiency of reservation-related tasks.

4. Implementation of Analytics and Reporting Tools:

Description: Implement tools for generating reports and analytics on tourism trends, customer behavior,
and system performance.

Purpose: Provide stakeholders with valuable insights to support data-driven decision-making.

5. Security and Authentication Measures:

Description: Implement security features, including user authentication and data encryption, to protect
sensitive information.

Purpose: Ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data stored within the Tourism DBMS.

5. OVERVIEW OF THE KEY FEATURES AND FUNCTIONALITES:

The Tourism Database Management System (DBMS) is designed to provide a comprehensive solution for
efficiently managing and organizing information within the tourism industry. Here's an overview of the
key features and functionalities of the system:
 1. User Authentication and Authorization:

Description: Secure access control to the system through user authentication.

Purpose: Ensure that only authorized personnel can access and manipulate the system's data.

2. Centralized Data Storage:

Description: A robust database structure to centralize and organize information related to travel
destinations, accommodations, activities, and user profiles.

Purpose: Streamline data management, allowing for easy retrieval and maintenance of tourism-related
data.

3. Security Measures:

Description: Implementation of security features such as data encryption and secure user authentication.

Purpose: Protect sensitive information, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data stored within the
system.

6. ENTITIES AND THERE ATTRIBUTE

1. User(u-id, username, email, password ,sex, spent, registeredon, accountstatus)

2. Coupon (c-id, code, discount, u-id, a-id, expireon)
3. Hotel (h-id, name, description, star, price)
4. Trips (t-id, u-id, p-id, h-id, person, date, c-id, paid)
5. Roles (r-id, name, addedon, u-id)
6. Package (p-id, name, a-id, country, details, duration, price)
7. Agency (a-id, name, u-id, international,)
8. Tokens (t-id, authtoken, createdon, expiredon, u-id)
9. Logs (i-id, u-id, action, oldusername, oldemail, oldpassword, newuser, newemail,
newpassword,datetime)

User table

Field Name Data Type Size Constraint Null/

Not
null
u-Id int primarykey Not null

username Varchar 50 Not null

email Varchar 50 Not null

password Varchar 50 Not null

sex Varchar 50 Not null

spent int Not null

Registeredon datetime Not null

accountstatus bit null

Coupon table

Field Name Data type Size Constraint Null/Not null

c-Id Int primarykey Not null
Code Varchar 50 Not null
Discount Int Not null
u-Id Int Foreignkey Not null
a-Id Int foreignkey null
ExpireOn Datetime Not null

Hotel table

Field Name Data type Size Constraint Null/Not null

h-Id int primarykey Not null
Name Varchar 50 Not null
Description Text Not null
Star Int Not null
Price Int Not null

Trips table

Field name Data type Size Constraint Null/Not

null
t-Id int primarykey Not null
u-id int foreignkey Not null
p-id int foreignkey Not null
h-id int foreignkey Not null
Persons int Not null
Date datetime Not null
c-id int foreignkey Null
paid int Not null

Roles table

Field name Data type Size Constraint Null/Not null

r-id int primarykey Not null
name varchar 50 Not null
Addedon datetime Not null
u-id int foreignkey Not null
Packages table

Field name Data type Size Constraint Null/ Not null

p-id int primarykey Not null
name varchar 50 Not null
a-id int Foreignkey Not null
country varchar Not null
details varchar 50 Not null
duration int Not null
price int Not null

Agency table

Field name Data type Size Constraint Null/Not null

a-id int primarykey Not null
name varchar 50 Not null
international bit Not null
u-id int foreignkey Not null

Tokens table

Field name Data type Size Constraint Null / Not null

t-id int primarykey Not null
authtoken varchar 128 Not null
createdon datetime Not null
expiredon datetime Not null
u-id int Foreign key Not null

Logs table

Field name Data type Size Constraint Null /Not null

l-id int primarykey Not null
u-id int foreignkey Null
action varchar 20 Not null
oldusername varchar 50 Null
oldemail varchar 50 Null
oldpassword varchar 50 Null
newusername varchar 50 Null
newemail varchar 50 Null
newpassword varcahr 50 Null
datetime datetime Not null
 7. ER-DIAGRAM

An Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram visually represents the structure of a database, illustrating entities,
attributes, and relationships between them. In the context of a Tourism Database Management System
(DBMS), an ER diagram would provide a graphical representation of how different entities are
connected. Here's a brief description of the main entities and their relationships:
 8. DATABASE SCHEMA

The database schema for a Tourism Database Management System (DBMS) outlines the structure and
organization of the database to efficiently store and manage information related to the tourism industry.
The schema defines the tables, relationships, and constraints that govern the storage and retrieval of data.
Here's an overview of the key components of a Tourism DBMS schema:
 9. SAMPLE QUERY

USE master;

-- Create a new database named tourism assignment

CREATE DATABASE tourism assignmnet;

GO

-- Switch to the newly created database

USE tourism assignment;

GO

CREATE TABLE Agencies (

a-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

Name varchar(50) NOT NULL,

IsInternational bit NOT NULL,

u-Id int NOT NULL

CREATE TABLE Coupons (

c-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

Code varchar(50) NOT NULL,

Discount int NOT NULL,

u-id int NOT NULL,

a-id int NULL,

ExpireOn datetime NOT NULL

)

CREATE TABLE Hotels (

h-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

Name varchar(50) NOT NULL,

Description text NOT NULL,

Star int NOT NULL,

Price int NOT NULL

CREATE TABLE Logs (

l-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

u-Id int NULL,

Action varchar(20) NOT NULL,

OldUsername varchar(50) NULL,

OldEmail varchar(50) NULL,

OldPassword varchar(50) NULL,

NewUsername varchar(50) NULL,

NewEmail varchar(50) NULL,

NewPassword varchar(50) NULL,

DateTime datetime NOT NULL

CREATE TABLE Packages (

p-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

Name varchar(50) NOT NULL,

 a-Id int NOT NULL,

Country varchar(50) NOT NULL,

Details text NOT NULL,

Duration int NOT NULL,

Price int NOT NULL

CREATE TABLE Roles (

r-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

Name varchar(50) NOT NULL,

AddedOn datetime NOT NULL,

u-Id int NOT NULL

CREATE TABLE Tokens (

t-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

AuthToken varchar(128) NOT NULL,

CreatedOn datetime NOT NULL,

ExpiredOn datetime NOT NULL,

u-Id int NOT NULL

CREATE TABLE Trips (

t-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

u-Id int NOT NULL,

p-Id int NOT NULL,

 h-Id int NOT NULL,

Persons int NOT NULL,

Date datetime NOT NULL,

c-id int NULL,

Paid int NOT NULL

CREATE TABLE Users (

u-Id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

Username varchar(50) NOT NULL,

Email varchar(50) NOT NULL,

Password varchar(50) NOT NULL,

Sex varchar(50) NOT NULL,

Spent int NOT NULL,

RegisteredOn datetime NOT NULL,

AccountStatus bit NULL

INSERT INTO Agencies (Name, IsInternational, u-Id)

VALUES ('Sunshine Travels', 1, 5),

('The Royal Seat', 1, 4),

('Eagle Tours', 0, 1)

INSERT INTO Coupons (Code, Discount, u-id, price, ExpireOn)

VALUES ('PEACOCKTRIP', 5, 4, 1, CAST('2023-06-09' AS DateTime)),

('SINGLESDAY', 7, 4, 1, CAST('2023-12-01' AS DateTime))

INSERT INTO Hotels (Name, Description, Star, Price)

VALUES ('Sandman Longueuil', 'The Sandman Longueuil hotel has easy access to many of the city’s top
attractions, including the Casino, Old Montreal, La Ronde and Montreal’s underground city. Cozy guest
rooms with panoramic views allow you to unwind, and an indoor pool and sauna ensure that your stay is
filled with ease. Whether you’re on the go, or in town to check out all the charming sights and sounds,
Sandman Longueuil is always an impressive treat.', 3, 16000),

('WelcomINNS', 'Minutes away from the heart of downtown Ottawa, the 109 room WelcomINNS
Ottawa offers comfort and convenience at an affordable price. The WelcomINNS Ottawa is perfectly
situated off the Trans-Canada Highway, across the street from the St. Laurent Shopping Centre and in
close proximity to top tourist destinations, including the Canada Science and Technology Museum, the
National Gallery of Canada, and Parliament Hill. As a guest, your comfort and satisfaction are our top
priority. For this reason, we provide complimentary parking, Wi-Fi, and continental breakfast. We also
offer an onsite fitness facility available 24/7.', 4, 23000),

('Holiday Inn Québec', 'Nestled in charming Sainte-Foy, the heart of culturally rich Québec City is
within easy reach of the Holiday Inn Québec. We’ve got a whole buffet full of offerings ready to help
kickstart your day. We also have Wi-Fi, coffee and tea, and all the in-room conveniences that make you
feel right at home, even when you’re away.', 4, 21000),

('Hotel Palace Royal ', 'A little stroll down Rue St-Jean, about 150 meters from the fortified walls,
you will find an oasis in the heart of Old Québec, Hotel Palace Royal. This majestic building is in perfect
harmony with the European character of Québec!', 3, 15000),

('Hotel Ibis La Défense Centre', 'In the heart of the La Défense business district, the ibis Paris La
Défense Centre hotel is ideally situated between the Grande Arche and the Arc de Triomphe. The hotel
boasts a restaurant, bar and 286 air-conditioned rooms with free Wi-Fi access. The nearby Esplanade de
la Défense metro station (line 1), provides easy access to the Porte Maillot convention center, the Champs
Elysées and even the 4 Temps shopping mall within 10 minutes.', 5, 35000),

('Ibis Paris Berthier', 'The Hotel Ibis Paris Berthier is situated in the 17th arrondissement in the north
of Paris, close to the Champs-Élysées and the Eiffel Tower. It has 688 rooms with air-conditioning and
free Wi-Fi, a restaurant and conference facilities. The nearest metro is Porte de Clichy.', 5, 32000),

('Villa Luxembourg', 'Just a 5-minute walk from the Luxembourg Gardens, Villa Luxembourg is in a
great location for exploring Paris. Villa Luxembourg feature a minibar, a refrigerator and a microwave.
Each has a private bathroom with a bathtub and a hairdryer. A kitchenette is available in the rooms and
kitchenware is provided for an additional fee. The hotel serves a buffet breakfast daily and room service
is also available. Other facilities include dry cleaning and a ticket booking service. Wi-Fi is available in
rooms upon demand. A 2-minute walk from Vavin Metro Station, Saint-Germain-Des-Près and Ile de la
Cité can be accessed directly.', 5, 40000),

('Kyriad Nice Port', 'This hotel sits in central Nice, just 1,150 feet from the ferry port and a 20-minute
walk from the Promenade des Anglais. Its rooms are air-conditioned with free Wi-Fi access. The guest
rooms at the Kyriad Nice Port are equipped with flat-screen TVs with satellite channels and a private
bathroom. Each is serviced by a lift. The Kyriad Hotel Nice Port has a 24-hour reception, which is hosted
by a multilingual team. The hotel serves a buffet breakfast every morning.', 3, 10000),

('Comfort Hotel Lichtenberg', 'The Comfort Hotel Lichtenberg is located in the northeast part of
Berlin, opposite the Die Pyramide building, featuring the highest clock in Europe. The hotel offers 120
comfortably furnished guest rooms. All rooms have cable TV and wireless internet access. All standard
guest rooms are equipped with private bathrooms, hair dryers, spacious work desks, direct-dial telephones
and satellite television. This is a non-smoking hotel. The distinguishing mark of the Comfort Hotel
Lichtenberg is to be able to stay overnight at reasonable rates. For an excellent lodging experience, we
cordially invite you to stay with us the next time you are in Berlin.', 3, 15000),

('Springfield Hotel', 'The Springfield Hotel is just a 15-minute drive from Dublin’s center, located in
the center of Leixlip. We offer gym, free parking, and a modern restaurant serving hearty cuisine. A
regular Airport Hopper Bus service is available. Each bright modern room at The Springfield Hotel
includes a private bathroom and hairdryer. Free tea and coffee is provided in each room, along with flat-
screen cable TV and free Wi-Fi.', 5, 36900)

INSERT INTO Packages (Name, a-Id, Country, Details, Duration, Price)

VALUES

('Cox''s Bazar Trip', 1, 'Bangladesh', 'Hotel The Cox Today is one of the best five-star standard luxury
hotel in Cox''s Bazar. It''s magnificent and uniquely located along the world''s longest natural beach in
Cox''s Bazar and 10 minutes drive from The Airport. The comforts and charms of the architectural
magnanimity complement the natural beauty and wonder of the Tourist destination of Cox''s Bazar. It''s
an oasis which reflects contemporary style of living. We are committed to provide the guest with world
class hospitality within affordable price.', 4, 200),

('Taste of Europe Tour', 3, 'Germany', 'The 15-day taste of Europe Tour will take you to the heart of
nine uniquely beautiful European countries: France, Luxembourg, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium,
Switzerland, Italy, Monaco and Vatican City. This tour is a perfect introduction to Europe, ideal for first
timers and those who want to explore and experience as much as possible in 15 days. You''ll start your
journey enjoying the breathtaking mountain scenery of Switzerland before heading south into Italy, where
you will have the opportunity to experience hundreds of years of tradition and culture. Discover the
glamorous French Riviera and return to Paris to conclude your tour and be part of a truly memorable
journey.', 15, 32000),

('Explore Switzerland in 07 Days', 2, 'Switzerland', 'The 07-day taste of Europe Tour will take you to
the heart of beautiful European country: Switzerland. This tour is a perfect introduction to Europe, ideal
for first timers and those who want to explore and experience as much as possible in 07 days. You''ll start
your journey enjoying the breathtaking mountain scenery of Zurich before heading south into Geneva,
where you will have the opportunity to experience hundreds of years of tradition and culture. Discover the
glamorous Mount Titlis and transfer to Geneva to conclude your tour and be part of a truly memorable
journey.', 7, 18000),
 ('Explore China in 07 Days', 2, 'China', 'The 07-days taste of China tour will take you to the heart of
beautiful Asian country: China. This tour is a perfect introduction to Asia, ideal for first timers and those
who want to explore and experience as much as possible in 07 days. You''ll start your journey enjoying
the breathtaking scenery of Beijing, where you will have the opportunity to experience hundreds of years
of tradition and culture of Shanghai. Discover the amazing traditional life of Shanghai and next day
transfer to Airport to conclude your tour and be part of a truly memorable journey.', 7, 15000),

('Explore Greece in 07 Days', 1, 'Greece', 'The 07-day taste of Greece Tour will take you to the heart of
two uniquely beautiful destinations: Athens and Santorini. This tour is a perfect introduction to Greece,
ideal for first timers and those who want to explore and experience as much as possible in 07 days. You''ll
start your journey enjoying the breathtaking scenery of Athens where you will have the opportunity to
experience hundreds of years of tradition and culture. Discover the Piraeus, Beach Riviera, Cape Sounio,
Delphi, Hydra, Poros, Egina and Santorini and conclude your tour and be part of a truly memorable
journey.', 7, 23000),

('Nairobi City Breaks in 05 Days', 3, 'Kenya', 'The 05-day taste of Kenya Tour will take you to the heart
of five uniquely beautiful African destinations: Nairobi. This tour is a perfect introduction to Africa, ideal
for first timers and those who want to explore and experience as much as possible in 05 days. You''ll start
your journey enjoying the breathtaking scenery of Nairobi before heading north into Maasai Mara, where
you will have the opportunity to experience hundreds of years of tradition and culture. Discover the
glamorous Nairobi and Maasai Mara to conclude your tour and be part of a truly memorable journey.', 5,
4200),

('Umrah', 2, 'Saudi Arabia', 'Jetway Hajj Umrah group put special focus while arranging 5-star facilities
for your Umrah package 2022-2023 from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Jetway Umrah packages are carefully
crafted for families with kids and senior citizens. Luxury to economy Umrah Hajj packages from
Bangladesh for 7 days, 10 days, or 14 days duration with fast processing of Umrah Visa, everything we
have at competitive cost. Umrah visa fee includes health insurance. 5-star hotels located adjacent to Al-
Haram and other hotels also nearby.', 10, 16000),

('Remarkable West Coast', 1, 'USA', 'The 07-days taste of America Tour will take you to the heart of
three uniquely beautiful cities: Los Angeles, Las Vegas and San Francisco. This tour is a perfect
introduction to the USA, ideal for first timers and those who want to explore and experience as much as
possible in 07 days. You''ll start your journey enjoying the breathtaking scenery of Los Angeles before
heading south into Las Vegas, where you will have the opportunity to experience hundreds of years of
tradition and culture. Discover the glamorous San Francisco city tour and return with a memorable
journey.', 7, 20000)

INSERT INTO Roles (Name, AddedOn, u-Id)

VALUES

('Tourist', '2022-12-07 04:28:00.000', 1),

('Tourist', '2022-12-07 04:28:00.000', 2),

 ('Tourist', '2022-12-07 04:28:00.000', 3),

('Admin', '2022-12-07 04:29:00.000', 4),

('Agency', '2022-12-07 04:29:00.000', 5),

('Tourist', '2022-12-07 04:31:00.000', 4),

('Agency', '2022-12-07 04:35:00.000', 4),

('Admin', '2022-12-07 04:35:00.000', 1),

('Agency', '2022-12-07 04:41:35.607', 1)

INSERT INTO Trips (u-Id, p-Id,h-Id, Persons, Date, c-id, Paid)

VALUES

(1, 1, 2, 3, '2022-12-11 02:00:23.797', NULL, 23013),

(2, 3, 4, 2, '2022-12-11 02:04:44.500', 1, 12648),

(3, 4, 5, 4, '2022-12-11 02:25:52.620', NULL, 22420)

INSERT INTO Users (Username, Email, Password, Sex, Spent, RegisteredOn, AccountStatus)

VALUES

('Raofin', '[email protected]', '1111', 'male', 23013, '2022-12-07 04:13:00.000', 1),

('Sijan', '[email protected]', 'f3eQ', 'male', 12648, '2022-12-07 04:15:00.000', 1),

('Prottush', '[email protected]', 'fnW2', 'male', 22420, '2022-12-07 04:16:00.000', 1),

('Admin', '[email protected]', 'admin', 'male', 0, '2022-12-07 04:19:00.000', 1),

('Johnnie', '[email protected]', '2ahD', 'male', 0, '2022-12-07 04:27:00.000', 1)

ALTER TABLE Logs ADD CONSTRAINT DF_Log_DateTime DEFAULT (GETDATE()) FOR

DateTime

ALTER TABLE Roles ADD CONSTRAINT DF_Roles_Added DEFAULT (GETDATE()) FOR

AddedOn

ALTER TABLE Tokens ADD CONSTRAINT DF_Tokens_Created DEFAULT (GETDATE()) FOR

CreatedOn
ALTER TABLE Trips ADD CONSTRAINT DF_Histories_Date DEFAULT (GETDATE()) FOR Date

ALTER TABLE Users ADD CONSTRAINT DF_Users_Spent DEFAULT (0) FOR Spent

ALTER TABLE Users ADD CONSTRAINT DF_Users_Registered DEFAULT (GETDATE()) FOR

RegisteredOn

ALTER TABLE Agencies ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Agencies_Users FOREIGN KEY(u-Id)

REFERENCES Users (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE

ALTER TABLE Coupons ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Coupons_Agencies FOREIGN KEY(SponsoredBy)

REFERENCES Agencies (Id)

ALTER TABLE Coupons ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Coupons_Users FOREIGN KEY(AddedBy)

REFERENCES Users (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE

ALTER TABLE Logs ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Logs_Users FOREIGN KEY(UserId) REFERENCES

Users (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE

ALTER TABLE Packages ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Packages_Agencies FOREIGN KEY(AgencyId)

REFERENCES Agencies (Id)

ALTER TABLE Roles ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Roles_Users FOREIGN KEY(UserId) REFERENCES

Users (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE

ALTER TABLE Tokens ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Tokens_Users FOREIGN KEY(UserId)

REFERENCES Users (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE

ALTER TABLE Trips ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Histories_Coupons FOREIGN KEY(UsedCoupon)

REFERENCES Coupons (Id)

ALTER TABLE Trips ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Histories_Packages FOREIGN KEY(PackageId)

REFERENCES Packages (Id)

ALTER TABLE Trips ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Histories_Users FOREIGN KEY(UserId)

REFERENCES Users (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE

ALTER TABLE Trips ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Trips_Hotels FOREIGN KEY(HotelId) REFERENCES

Hotels (Id)
Summary

A Tourism Database Management System (DBMS) is a comprehensive software solution designed to

efficiently organize, store, and manage vast amounts of data relevant to the tourism industry. The system
incorporates a structured database schema with entities such as Traveler, Accommodation,
Transportation, Booking, Tour Package, Geospatial Data, Customer Interaction (CRM), User Account,
and System Log. These entities are interconnected through relationships that reflect the various
interactions and dependencies within the tourism ecosystem.

Key functionalities of a Tourism DBMS include seamless reservation and booking processes, real-time
updates on accommodation and transportation availability, integration with Customer Relationship
Management (CRM) tools for personalized services, analytics and reporting capabilities for insights into
market trends, and geospatial integration for mapping and visualization. The system ensures data security,
compliance with regulations, and scalability to accommodate the growing volume of tourism-related data.

With an emphasis on user roles and permissions, the Tourism DBMS allows for secure and controlled
access, while system logs capture user activities and system events for auditing purposes. Overall, the
Tourism DBMS serves as a centralized and efficient platform, supporting stakeholders in the tourism
industry to enhance customer experiences, optimize operations, and adapt to the evolving landscape of the
tourism sector.