MATH4008 Calculus 3 (Class 03) NTU 112-2

Homework 6 & 7 (Suggested Solutions)

Exercise 1 (A) : Evaluate the following double integrals by polar coordinates.

(a)
√ 5
π/2 5
− cos(r2 )
ZZ Z Z 
2 2 Polar π π
sin(x + y ) dA = sin(r2 ) · r drdθ = · = (1 − cos(5)) .
R 0 0 2 2 0 4

(b)
Z 1/2 Z √1−y2 Z π/6 Z 1
Polar
√ xy 2 dxdy = (r cos θ)(r sin θ)2 · r drdθ
0 3y 0 0
Z 1 Z π/6
= r4 dr · cos θ sin2 θ dθ
0 0
1  3 π/6
r5

sin θ
= ·
5 0 3 0
1
=
120

Remark. Certainly this can be done without the use of polar coordinates - since we are asked to do
so,
Z Z accept the fate...
p
(c) x + y 2 dA, where R contains points that are either inside x2 + y 2 = 2x or x2 + y 2 = 2y.
2
R

ZZ p Z π/4 Z r=2 cos θ Z π Z r=2 sin θ

Polar
x2 + y 2 dA = r · r dr dθ + r · r dr dθ
R −π/2 r=0 π/4 r=0
π/4 Z π
8 cos3 θ 8 sin3 θ
Z
= dθ + dθ
−π/2 3 π/4 3
   
8 2 5 8 2 5
= + √ + + √
3 3 6 2 3 3 6 2
Exercise 2 (A) : Evaluate the following double integrals by an appropriate change of variables.
(
u = x − 2y
(a) The region given is given by 0 ≤ x − 2y ≤ 4 and 1 ≤ 3x − y ≤ 8 so we let . Then we
v = 3x − y
(
x = − 15 u + 25 v
have . Therefore,
y = − 35 u + 15 v
— The region becomes 0 ≤ u ≤ 4, 1 ≤ v ≤ 8,

− 15 2
5
1
— Jacobian = = .
− 35 1
5 5
Hence,
ZZ   8 4
x − 2y
Z Z
u 1 8
dA = · dudv = ln 8.
R 3x − y 1 0 v 5 5
(
u = xy
(b) The region is given by 1 ≤ xy ≤ 4 and 1 ≤ xy ≤ 3 so we let .
v = xy
( 1 1
x = u 2 v− 2
Then we have 1 1 and therefore,
y = u2 v 2
— The region becomes 1 ≤ u ≤ 4 and 1 ≤ v ≤ 3,
1 − 21 − 12 1 3
2u v − 12 u 2 v − 2 1
— Jacobian = 1 − 12 12 1 12 − 21 =
2u v 2u v
2v
Hence, √ √ √
3 4 1 1 3 4
xy
u 2 v− 2 e u
e u
ZZ Z Z Z Z
xe 1 2
dA = 1 1 · dudv = dudv = e2 .
R y 1 1 u2 v2 2v 1 1 2v 2 3
Exercise 3 (B) :
(a) To compute the volume V , we note that by symmetry it suffices to calculate its volume above the
xy-plane and multiply by two. As a result, we have
ZZ p
V =2· 4 − x2 − y 2 dA
R

where R is the region enclosed by the circle x + y 2 = 2x. 2

To evaluate the integral on the right, we use the polar coordinates and obtain (note that the equation
of the circle x2 + y 2 = 2x becomes r = 2 cos θ)
Z π Z r=2 cos θ p Z π
8 − 8 sin3 θ
ZZ p
2 2 2
8
4 − x − y dA = 4 − r · r drdθ = dθ = (3π − 4).
R 0 r=0 0 3 9
16
Hence, V = (3π − 4).
9
1 1
(b) Let x = r cos θ and y = √ r sin θ. The Jacobian equals √ r and the lamina can be described, in
3 3
polar coordinates, by
π π
0 ≤ r ≤ 1 and ≤ θ ≤ .
3 2
The mass is given by
ZZ Z π/2 Z 1
3 1 1
3xy dA = √ r2 cos θ sin θ · √ r dr dθ = .
D π/3 0 3 3 32
| {z } | {z }
3xy Jacobian

The relevant moment is given by

ZZ Z π/2 Z 1
3 1 1
x · 3xy dA = √ r3 cos2 θ sin θ · √ r dr dθ = .
D π/3 0 3 3 120
| {z } | {z }
3x2 y Jacobian

1/120 4
Therefore, x = = .
1/32 15
Exercise 4 (B) : This question is similar to WeBWorK 15.9 Problem 2,4.
(a) The substitution that underlines Φ is x = 2u + 7v, y = 3u + 4v. Therefore, the Jacobian equals

∂(x, y) 2 7
= = −13.
∂(u, v) 3 4

Therefore, 1 unit of area on uv-plane would become 13 units of area on xy-plane. Since area(D) = 3,
we deduce that
area(Φ(D)) = 3 · 13 = 39.
v
(b) The substitution that underlines Ψ is x = u, y = . The Jacobian equals
u+1

∂(x, y) 1 0 1
= v 1 = .
∂(u, v) − u+1
(u + 1)2 u+1

Note that the region on uv-plane is (given to be) the parallelogram with vertices (0, 0), (2, 0), (1, 1), (3, 1).

Therefore,
ZZ
area(Ψ(Σ)) = 1 dA
Ψ(Σ)
ZZ
sub. 1
= 1· du dv
Σ u+1
| {z }
Jacobian
Z 1 Z u=v+2
1
= du dv
0 u=v u+1
Z 1
= ln(v + 3) − ln(v + 1) dv
0
= 6 ln 2 − 3 ln 3.

Hence,
area(Φ(Ψ(Σ))) = 13 · area(Ψ(Σ)) = 13(6 ln 2 − 3 ln 3).
Exercise 5 (A) : Find the volume of the solid that is
(a)
Z Z Z z=2−x2 −y2
Volume = 1 dz dA where D is enclosed by x2 + y 2 = 1 in the first quadrant
D z=0
ZZ
= (2 − x2 − y 2 ) dA
D
π
Z 2
Z 1
Polar
= (2 − r2 )r dr dθ Do not forget Jacobian !
0 0
r=1
r4

π
= · r2 −
2 4 r=0
3π
=
8
( p
z = x2 + 4y 2 p
(b) The projection of the intersection of 2 2
onto the xy-plane is x2 +4y 2 = x2 + 4y 2 ⇒
z = x + 4y
2 2
x + 4y = 1. Let D be the region enclosed by this ellipse. We are going to use the substitution
(‘elliptical polar’) that
r r
x = r cos θ, y = sin θ, Jacobian = . Then,
2 2
√
ZZ Z z= x2 +4y 2
Volume = 1 dz dA
D z=x2 +4y 2
ZZ p
= ( x2 + 4y 2 − (x2 + 4y 2 )) dA
D
Z 2π Z 1
Sub. r
= (r − r2 ) · dr dθ Do not forget Jacobian !
0 0 2
r=1
1 r3 r4

= 2π · · −
2 3 4
| {z r=0}
1
= 12
π
= .
12

2
0 ≤ z ≤ 4 − r


Exercise 6 (B) : (a) In cylindrical coordinates, the solid is given by 0 ≤ r ≤ 2 .
 π π
− ≤ θ ≤

2 2
Therefore, the given integral becomes
Z π2 Z 2 Z 4−r2
1
· r dz dr dθ Do not forget Jacobian !
π
−2 0 0 2 + r
Z 2
=π (2r − r2 ) dr
0
4π
=
3

2
0 ≤ z ≤ 4 − r


(b) In cylindrical coordinates, the solid is given by 0 ≤ r ≤ 2 .
 π
0 ≤ θ ≤

2
Therefore, the given integral becomes
Z π2 Z 2 Z 4−r2
r · r dz dr dθ Do not forget Jacobian !
0 0 0
Z 2
π
= · (4r2 − r4 ) dr
2 0
32π
=
15
Exercise 7 (B) : CORRECTED
 √
 0≤ρ≤ 2
π


(a) In spherical coordinates, the solid is given by 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 4 .
0 ≤ θ ≤ π


2
Therefore,
Z Z √ 2Z √ 2 2
1 1−x 2−x −y
√ xy dz dy dx
0 0 x2 +y 2
π π
√
Z 2
Z 4
Z 2
= (ρ sin ϕ cos θ)(ρ sin ϕ sin θ) · ρ2 sin ϕ dρ dϕ dθ Do not forget Jacobian !
0 0 0
π
! Z π ! Z √ !
Z 2 4 2
= sin θ cos θ dθ sin3 ϕ dϕ ρ4 dρ
0 0 0
 √ 
1 2 5 4 2
= · − √ ·
2 3 6 2 5
√  
2 2 2 5
= − √
5 3 6 2


0 ≤ ρ ≤ sec ϕ


π
(b) In spherical coordinates, the solid is given by 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ .
 4
0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π

Therefore,
ZZZ
1
p dV
U x2 + y2 + z2
π
Z 2π Z Z sec ϕ
4 1 2
= · ρ sin ϕ dρ dϕ dθ Do not forget Jacobian !
0 0 0 ρ
Z π
4 1
=2π · · sec2 ϕ sin ϕ dϕ
0 2 | {z }
=sec ϕ tan ϕ
√
=π( 2 − 1)
Exercise 8 (C) :
Z 1 Z 1−y
• Fix 0 < x < 1 and consider firstly √
f (x, y, z) dz dy, whose region of integration is given by :
x 0

√
Z 1 Z 1−y Z 1− x Z 1−z
By Fubini’s Theorem, we have √
f (x, y, z) dz dy = √
f (x, y, z) dy dz.
x 0 0 x
Therefore, the given integral becomes
√
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−y Z 1 Z 1− x Z 1−z

√
f (x, y, z) dz dy dx = √
f (x, y, z) dy dz dx
0 x 0 0 0 x

• Now consider the two external integral for dz dx, whose region of integration is given by

By Fubini’s Theorem, we have

√
Z 1 Z 1− x Z 1−z Z 1 Z (1−z)2 Z 1−z

√
f (x, y, z) dy dz dx = √
f (x, y, z) dy dx dz
0 0 x 0 0 x

Z (1−z)2 Z 1−z
• Fix 0 < z < 1 and consider √
f (x, y, z) dy dx, whose region of integration is given by :
0 x

Z (1−z)2 Z 1−z Z 1−z Z y2

By Fubini’s Theorem, we have √
f (x, y, z) dy dx = f (x, y, z) dx dy.
0 x 0 0

Now we can conclude that

Z 1Z 1 Z 1−y Z 1 Z 1−z Z y2

√
f (x, y, z) dz dy dx = f (x, y, z) dx dy dz.
0 x 0 0 0 0
 Hence,
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−y Z 1 Z 1−z Z y2
4
√
cos((z − 1) ) dz dy dx = cos((z − 1)4 )) dx dy dz
0 x 0 0 0 0
Z 1 Z (1−z)
= y 2 cos((z − 1)4 ) dy dz
0 0
1
(1 − z)3
Z
= cos((z − 1)4 ) dz
0 3
sin 1
=
12

Exercise 9 (D) : (This question is optional for submisstion and contains more advanced integrals.)
(a) The (
given region is enclosed
( by four lines x ± y = ±1.
u=x+y x = u+v
2
Let ⇒ . Therefore,
v =x−y y = u−v
2

— The transformed region is given by −1 ≤ u ≤ 1 and −1 ≤ v ≤ 1.

∂(x, y) 1 1 1
= 21 1 =− .
— Jacobian 2
∂(u, v) 2 − 2 2
ZZ Z 1 Z 1
x+y 1 1
e dA = eu · dudv = e −
R −1 −1 2 e

(b) We will evaluate the integral by polar coordinates and we note that the line y = 1 becomes r sin θ =
1
1 ⇔ θ = sin−1 .
r
ZZ Z 2 Z θ=sin−1 r1
Polar
x dA = r cos θ · r dθdr
E 1 θ=0
Z 2  2 θ=sin−1 1
r
= r sin θ θ=0 dθ
1
Z 2
= r dr
1
3
=
2
y y y y
(c) The given region is given by 1 ≤ ≤ 2 and 1 ≤ ≤ 2. We let u = , v = and
cos x x cos x x
y sec x tan x cos1 x
 
∂(u, v) y y y sin x 1
= = sec x tan x + 2 = + .
∂(x, y) − xy2 x
1
x x cos x x cos2 x x cos x

∂(x, y) 1 x 1
Therefore, = ∂(u,v)
= · sin x 1

.
∂(u, v) y cos2 x + x cos x
∂(x,y)
Hence,
ZZ   Z 2 Z 2  
sin x 1 sin x  1  x 1
+ dA = +
 · · sin x 1 ((
dudv
cos2 x x cos x 2x
U 1 1 cos
 x cos x y (cos( 2(x +
( ((
x cos x
|{z}
= v1
Z 2 Z 2
1
= dudv
1 1 v
= ln 2

End of Homework 6&7